Index
A
Adonean clausula, 64 -65, 83 , 124 , 149 , 149 n31, 152 , 250 n19, 263 , 264 . See also Hexameter, Homeric
Advent Lyrics , 18
Aesthetics, question of, 1 n1, 2 , 2 n4, 200 , 235 , 239 , 265 , 269 -70, 276 , 335 , 391
Alagic[*] Alija and Velagic[*] Selim , 43 , 51 (table 2), 91 n68, 284 -88, 312 -24, 363 -69
Albanian oral epic, 193 n65
Alexandrian scholars, 21 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 . See also Homeric texts
Aliaga Stocevic[*] , 47 , 171 n31
Allen, Thomas W., 25 n10
Allen, W. Sidney, 63 , 69 n36
Alliterative line (of Anglo-Saxon poetry): alliteration as feature of, 108 , 116 ;
anacrusis in, 114 , 114 n100;
in charms, 17 ;
and deseterac , contrasted, 13 ;
general structure of, 53 , 82 n56, 106 -19, 214 , 355 n40, 389 , 390 ;
half-lines (verses) as units in, 107 -19;
hybrid prosody, 202 -3;
idiosyncratic nature of, 109 -10;
lack of inner or outer metric, 110 ;
lack of syllabicity, 109 -10, 112 , 202 ;
metrical formulas, 117 -19, 203 , 203 n4, 204 , 213 n29, 216 ;
question of Indo-European background, 18 , 53 , 58 -59, 61 -62, 110 , 115 , 202 , 203 n5, 389 ;
ramification, principle of, 109 -11, 112 , 116 , 117 ;
resolution, principle of, 109 -11, 112 , 116 , 117 ;
Sievers's Five Types, 106 -9, 111 , 114 , 202 ;
"single verses," 109 n95;
stress, grades of, 111 ;
stress-patterns in, 36 n38, 61 , 107 -19;
stress-position as prosodeme in, 109 , 202 ;
symmetry of verse structure, 204 ;
systems of scansion, 111 -15, 116 -17, 117 (table 15)
Amory Parry, Anne, 255 n30
Amos, Ashley Crandell, 34 n34
Analytic categories. See Ethnic (emic) vs. analytic (etic) categories
Andreas , 17 , 225 , 225 n55, 329 , 336 , 342 n22, 344 -54, 391
Aoidos (ancient Greek bard), 22 , 25 , 27 , 29
Arant, Patricia, 280 n4
Arend, Walter, 240 -41, 242 , 245 , 248 , 248 n15, 252 , 254 , 255 , 279 n2
Aristarchus of Samothrace, 23 , 23 n7, 24 , 25 , 28 , 29
Aristophanes of Byzantium, 23
A Scholia, 26 , 26 n14
Ashby, Genette, 159 n3
Austerlitz, Robert, 57 n10, 163 n16, 204 n7, 291 , 291 n26
Austin, Norman, 52 n3
Avesta. See Iranian
B
Baird, Joseph L., 225 n54
Bajanje (Serbo-Croatian spells). See Charms, magical
Bajgoric[*] , Halil, 26 , 28 n18, 45 -48, 49 , 64 n24, 88 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 164 , 164 nn 18 and 19, 165 , 168 -69, 170 , 171 , 171 n31, 172 , 175 , 182 -83, 185 , 186 , 188 -96, 198 , 287 n17
Banovic[*] Strahinja , 87 (table 7)
Bargaining (for Release) theme, 297 , 309 , 311 , 362
Barnes, Harry R., 69 n35, 164 n17
Bartlett, Adeline C., 339 n15
Bartók, Béla, 86 n62
Basic[*] , Ibro, 26 , 42 -45, 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 91 , 284 -88, 309 n44, 312 -24, 327 , 360 n2, 363 -69, 381
Bassett, Samuel E., 73 n41
Bath theme, 247 , 248 -57, 260 , 261 , 263 n42, 264 , 265 , 271 , 273 , 276 -77, 390
Batinic[*] , Pavle, 86 , 87 -88
Battle of Maldon, The , 31 n23, 213
Baugh, Albert C., 26 n13
Beasts of Battle theme, 330 , 332 -33, 334
Beaty, John O., 206 n12, 340 n19
Ben-Amos, Daniel, 8 n19, 45 n61, 136 n17, 309
Benson, Larry D., 33 n30
Beowulf , 17 -18, 201 -39, 329 -58;
date of, 34 -35
Bergk, Theodor, 56
Bessinger, Jess B., Jr., and Philip H. Smith, 209 n15
Bihac[*] , 40
Bijelo Polje, 40
Bliss, A. J., 109 n95, 113 , 116
Bonjour, Adrien, 332 -33
Bonner, Joshua H., 238 n74
Bonnet, M., 344 n27
Boundary lines. See Serbo-Croatian epic; Theme
Boyle, Leonard E., 34 n34
Brodeur, Arthur G., 116 n104, 355 n42
Brooks, Kenneth R., 225 n55, 344 n27, 345
Brough, J., 55 n7
Browne, Wayles, 101 n87
Bruce-Mitford, Myrtle, 112 n97
Bruce-Mitford, Rupert, 112 n97
Bryan, W. F., 222 n50
Bugarštica (long line of Serbo-Croatian narrative). See Deseterac, junacki
Butcher, John W., 205 n9
Bynum, David E., 4 n7, 39 n46, 40 , 42 , 86 n62, 160 n8, 199 n75, 281 -82, 289 n22, 366 n14, 366 n15, 366 n16, 370 n23
Byzantine Greek, 330
C
Cable, Thomas, 107 , 114 -15, 116 , 119 n110, 202
Cedmon's Hymn , 356 -57
Calhoun, George M., 52 n3, 129 , 130 n10
Calin, William, 4 n10
Campbell, Jackson J., 19 n42, 238 n74, 341 n21
Captivity of Djulic[*] Ibrahim, The . See Ropstvo Djulic[*] Ibrahima
Captivity of Šarac Mehmedagha, The , 362
Celtic, 55 , 58
Chanson de geste. See Old French epic
Chanson de Roland. See under Old French epic
Charms, magical: bajanje , 16 , 63 n22;
leechdom manuscripts, 16 ;
Old English and Serbo-Croatian, 3 , 15 -17, 337 n10
Chase, Colin, 31 n22, 34 , 34 n34
Christ and Satan , 222 n48
Christian epic tradition. See Serbo-Croatian epic
Clark, George, 339 n 16
Claus, David B., 15 n35
Clayman, Dee L., 164 n17
Cluster, 181 -82, 183 , 206 , 211 -12, 225 , 238 . See also Formula; Theme
Collocation, 217 , 228 , 238 . See also Alliterative line; Formula
Combellack, Frederick M., 130 n10
Comparative method: applied to documents, 20 -51;
applied to prosody, 52 -120, esp. 53 -54, 120 ;
similarities and differences, ix , 9 , 388 -91
Computerized editions of oral traditional texts, 7 n16
Concordance interpolation. See Homeric texts
Conner, Patrick W., 159 n3
Contour (feature of Anglo-Saxon verse), 114 -15, 116 . See also Alliterative line; Cable, Thomas
Coote, Mary P., 7 n15, 13 n29, 14 n30, 242 n6, 283 , 283 n11
"Cor[*] Huso," 39
Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, 32
Cotton Vitellius A. xv. (Beowulf manuscript): facsimiles, 32 ;
history of transmission, 31 -39;
manuscript authority, 36 -37;
Thorkelin transcriptions of, 32 , 32 n25;
as unique text, 17 , 108 , 389
Creed, Robert P., 16 n37, 52 , 113 -14, 116 , 117 n107, 118 , 163 n14, 202 , 230 n63, 333
Crowne, David K., 332 , 334 , 344 n25
Cynewulf, 5 n 12
D
Date of Beowulf , 34 -45
Davison, J. A., 23 , 27
Death of Mustajbeg, The , 366 n 15
Decasyllable, epic. See Deseterac, junacki
De Lavan, Joanne, 211 n22
Deseterac, junacki (Serbo-Croatian heroic epic decasyllable): and alliterative line, contrasted, 13 ;
and bugarštica , distinguished, 85 , 85 n58;
caesura in, 94 -95, 104 -6;
cola (hemistichs), 94 -106;
enclitic binding in, 101 -2, 102 (table 12), 105 ;
general structure of, 55 , 64 , 85 -100, 166 n27, 173 -75, 291 n26, 313 , 389 ;
hiatus bridges in, 90 ;
hyper- and hyposyllabic lines, 88 -94, 104 ;
IAD (initially accented disyllable) rule, 98 -99, 105 , 176 -78, 178 -96;
Indo-European origins of, 14 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 60 -61, 86 , 95 , 96 , 104 -6, 173 , 175 , 176 , 196 , 197 , 199 , 296 n27, 389 ;
inner metric of, 88 , 94 -103, 104 ;
MAT (medially accented trisyllable) rule, 99 -100, 176 -78, 178 -96;
as meter of epic, 17 n38;
outer metric of, 85 -94, 103 -4;
performatives, 89 -94;
principal metrical types, 100 -102;
proclitic binding in, 100 -101, 101 (table 11), 105 ;
SBL (shorter-before-longer) rule, 98 -99, 105 -6, 178 -96;
as trochaic pentameter, 85 -88, 97 -98, 104 ;
zeugmata (bridges) in, 96 n77, 97 , 97 n78, 105
"Destination" commonplace, 339 , 339 n16
Devine, A. M., 66
Diachrony: coexistence of synchronic and diachronic forms or contexts, 10 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 59 , 60 , 62 n21, 62 -63, 71 , 91 -92, 95 , 105 , 106 , 110 , 115 , 126 , 172 -75, 205 , 210 , 213 , 215 , 230 , 236 , 244 -45, 248 n15, 282 , 386 -87;
as methodological approach, 3 , 10 n23, 11 , 16 , 34 , 67 -68, 125 , 126 , 126 n6, 134 , 238 n75, 247 n13, 355 . See also Synchrony
Dialect (local tradition): in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 204 , 236 , 238 n75;
in Homer, 137 , 157 . See also Serbo-Croatian epic
Diglossia, cultural, 19 n41, 31 n21
Donlan, Walter, 15 n35
Dressing theme, 286
Duban, Jeffrey M., 15 n35
Duggan, Hoyt N., 26 n13
Duggan, Joseph J., 4 n10, 8 n17, 163 n14
Dumézil, Georges, 62 , 62 n20
Dunbar, Henry, 129 n9
Dundes, Alan, 8 n19, 45 n61
Düntzer, Heinrich, 66
E
Economy. See Thrift
Editio princeps (of Homer), 26 , 27
Edwards, G. Patrick, 314 (fig. 9, hi)
Edwards, Mark W., 30 n20, 121 n2, 124 , 245 , 245 n11, 257 -61, 262 n40
Elene , 217 , 342 n22
Ellendt, Johann Ernst, 66
Enjambement: in Homer, 152 ;
in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 204 ;
in Serbo-Croatian epic, 163 -64, 198 , 291 n26. See also Formula
Envelope patterns. See Ring composition
Epea pteroenta. See "Winged words"
Epske pjesme. See Serbo-Croatian epic
Ethnic (emic) vs. analytic (etic) categories, 45 , 45 n61, 136 n 17, 270 n54, 309 -10
Exeter Book, 36 , 36 n37
Exile theme, 225 , 225 n54, 330 -31, 332 , 334 , 352 , 358
Exodus (Old English poem), 232
F
Faulhaber, Charles B., 124 n4
Feast theme, 247 , 265 -76, 276 -77, 390
Fenik, Bernard C., 15 n34, 138 n20, 24 -1, 241 n4, 243 n7, 245 , 246
Fine, Elizabeth C., 7 n15
Finnegan, Ruth, 3
Five Types (of alliterative verses). See Alliterative line; Sievers, Eduard
Foley, John Miles, 2 nn 2-4, 4 n7, 6 n13, 7 n16, 12 n28, 16 n37, 17 n39, 17 n40, 19 n41, 27 n15, 28 n18, 33 n35, 37 n40, 39 n44, 41 n49, 42 n50, 44 n58, 45 n61, 48 n66, 52 n1, 63 n22, 65 n26, 66 n27, 86 n63, 109 n95, 113 n99, 121 nn 1 and 2, 158 n1, 165 n21, 201n1, 203 n3, 211 n24, 240 n1, 248 n15, 255 n30, 279 n1, 288 n21, 289 n22, 330 n2, 340 n19, 343 n24, 355 , 361 n5
Formula: archetypal, concept of, 4 ;
in Beowulf , 17 -18, 201 -39 passim;
in charms, 17 ;
composition described by guslar , 49 -50;
defined by Parry, 2 n3, 65 , 65 n25, 79 , 122 , 132 n13;
described by Parry, 2 ;
and formulaic density (analysis and/or test for orality), 4 , 38 , 121 , 122 , 129 n9, 142 -43, 162 n12, 163 , 165 -71, 172 -73, 207 -35, 389 ;
general diction (phraseology), 4 , 10 , 33 , 38 , 41 , 52 ;
Janko's dischronic approach, 126 ;
"literary" use of traditional phraseology, 15 n35;
Lord's principles for determining formulaic structure, 138 -40;
melodic, 119 n110;
metrical, in Beowulf , 117 -19, 203 , 204 , 213 n29, 216 ;
Nagler's generative approach, 124 -25;
Nagy's diachronic approach, 67 -68, 125 -26;
in Odyssey , 14 , 121 -57;
proximity, issue of, 152 n39;
relationship to melody, 86 n62, 160 n8, 203 n4;
relationship to prosody, 65 -68;
in Serbo-Croatian epic, 158 -200;
Serbo-Croatian song-texts used for analysis of, 51 (table 1);
spectrum of phraseology, 124 , 133 , 136 -37, 155 -57, 163 , 166 n27, 171 -75, 178 -96, 197 -200, 204 -7, 235 -39, 390 ;
syntactic, 131 ;
tradition-dependent Homeric phraseology, 127 -29;
tradition-dependent Old English phraseology, 201 -4;
traditional rules and, 137 -55. See also Formulaic system; Traditional rules
Formulaic system: defined by Fry, 206 ;
defined by Parry, 65 n26;
example given by Parry, 123 ;
general structure of, 137 , 138 , 159 , 163 , 166 , 166 n27, 174 , 175 , 178 -96, 197 , 198 , 198 n73, 204 , 205 , 212 n25, 246 ;
length of, 65 n26
Fortic[*] , Sulejman, 282
Fournier, H., 130 n10
Fränkel, Eduard, 77
Fränkel, Hermann, 74 , 74 n40, 76 , 77 -78, 78 n51, 79 , 79 n53, 81 , 131
Friedrich, Paul, 15 n35
Fry, Donald K., Jr., 37 n39, 65 n26, 204 n6, 206 , 218 n41, 228 n60, 234 n71, 244 , 333 -34, 355 n41, 357 n44
G
Gacko, 40
Gaisser, Julia H., 252 n24
Generic override, 373 -74, 377 , 386 . See also Story-pattern
Genesis (Old English poem), 228
Genre-dependence, 3 , 4 , 8 -9, 11 , 14 -15, 16 , 17 , 38 -39, 40 n48, 62 n19, 63 , 63 n22, 86 n63, 166 , 199 , 201 n2, 203 , 278 , 329 , 388 -91
Gesemann, Gerhard, 39 , 240 n2
Gilgarnesh , 4
Grannis, Dorothy, 117 n 106
Gray, Florence E., 70 n38, 71 n40
Greenfield, Stanley B., 225 n54, 330 -31, 332 , 334 , 352
Greeting theme, 247 , 257 -65, 276 -77, 390
Grendon, Felix, 16 n36
Gruber, Loren C., 339 n16
Gunn, David M., 242 -43, 280 n5, 282 -83, 336 n9
Guslar (Yugoslav singer), 4 , 6 , 9 , 13 , 25 , 28 n18, 30 , 39 -51, 56 n8, 64 n24, 66 , 86 , 90 , 96 n75, 97 , 110 , 128 n8, 158 -200, 202 , 203 n4, 205 , 219 n42, 236 , 241 , 255 n28, 275 n65, 287 n18, 278 -328, 333 n6, 335 , 354 , 355 , 359 -87, 389 , 390 . See also Bajgoric[*] , Halil; Basic[*] , Ibro; Kukuruzovic[*] , Mujo; Ugljanin, Salih
Gusle (instrument), 6 , 40 , 43 n55, 45 n62, 46 , 49 , 93 n71
Guthlac , 226 , 232
H
Hainsworth, J. B., 137 , 206 n11
Halil izbavlja Bojicic[*] Aliju (6703), 51 , 88 , 165 , 168 -69. See also Bajgoric[*] , Halil
Halpern, Joel M., 16 n37
Harming, Robert W., 206 n12, 340 n19
Hansen, William F., 241 n5, 245 n10, 246
Harp (se hearpa , Anglo-Saxon instrument), 112 , 112 n97
Hasan Coso[*] , 46 . See also Isak of Rotimlja
Hasan Pasha Tiro, 48 n68
Hauer, Stanley R., 31 n24
Havelock, Eric A., 287 n18
Haymes, Edward R., 28 n17, 98 n80
Hektorovic[*] , Petar, 85
Hemistichs, conjunctive and disjunctive, 141 n24, 143 (table 18). See also Hexameter, Homeric
Henige, David P., 33
Hermann's bridge, 75 , 78 , 78 n50
Hero on the Beach theme, 332 , 333 , 358
Herzog, George, 86 n62, 160 n8, 203 n4
Heusler, Andreas, 112 n96
Hexameter, Homeric: cola, 74 -84;
dactylic-spondaic substitution in, 70 , 71 (table 3), 72 (table 5);
general structure, 53 , 68 -84, 389 ;
Indo-European origins of, 53 , 56 -58, 59 -60, 69 , 71 , 82 , 84 , 126 , 127 , 133 , 246 , 389 ;
inner metric of, 71 , 73 -84, 127 -28, 133 , 157 , 247 , 389 ;
juncture points, 81 , 81 n55, 83 n57, 84 , 128 ;
levels of segmentation, 82 (table 6), 128 ;
metron-type position in, 72 (table 4);
morae, 75 , 80 , 83 -84;
and Old English alliterative line, contrasted, 37 n41;
outer metric of, 68 -73, 82 , 83 , 84 ;
principal caesuras, 73 -84;
principal colonic types, 81 , 82 (table 6), 128 ;
rules for quantity, 69 n36;
stressability in, 69 n36. See also Traditional rules
Hieatt, Constance B., 211 n23, 252 n24, 339 n15
Higher Criticism, 4 , 201 . See also Oral theory
Hildebrandslied , 5 n12, 17 , 332 n5
Hillers, Delbert R., 21 n1
Hittite, 58
Hoekstra, A., 10 n23, 68 n34
Hoenigswald, Henry M., 55 , 55 n7
Hogan, James C., 15 n35
Homeostasis, 10 n22
Homeric Question, 27
Homeric texts: Byzantine recensions, 20 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 ;
"concordance interpolation" in papyri, 25 , 26 ;
overall history of, 20 -31;
vulgate (koinê ), 21 , 24 , 26 , 28 ;
Peisistratean recension, 22 , 22 n5;
variant readings, 30 n20, 129 n9
Homeridae (sons of Homer), 22 , 22 n4, 27
Hörmann, Kosta, 12
Husband's Message, The , 19
I
IAD (internally accented disyllable). See under Deseterac, junacki
Idiolect (individual traditional style): in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 204 , 205 n9, 214 , 214 n31, 222 n48, 236 , 238 n75;
in Homer, 157 . See also Serbo-Croatian epic
Ijekavian dialect, 91
Iliad, The , 15 , 71 n40, 150 n36, 241 , 243 n7, 251 n20, 282 , 381
Individualist (approach to medieval Romance narrative), 124 n4
Indo-European: in the background of the alliterative line, 18 , 53 , 58 -59, 61 -62, 110 , 115 , 202 , 203 n5, 389 ;
meter, in general, 54 -63;
mythology and phraseology, 10 , 15 ;
origin of ancient Greek lyric, 67 ;
origin of deseterac , 14 , 53 , 56 , 60 -61, 86 , 95 , 96 , 104 -6, 173 , 175 , 176 , 196 , 197 , 199 , 296 n27, 389 ;
origin of hexameter, 53 , 56 -58, 59 -60, 69 , 71 , 82 , 84 , 126 , 127 , 133 , 246 , 389 ;
origin of Return story-pattern, 14 ;
roots of Homeric tradition, 21 n2
Ingalls, Wayne B., 66 n29, 74 n44, 78 -79
Inner metric. See Alliterative line; Deseterac, junacki ; Hexameter, Homeric
Insular minuscule, 20 . See also Cotton Vitellius A. xv.
Iranian (the Avesta ), 55 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 76
Irony in traditional oral narrative, 275 , 275 n64
Irving, Edward B., Jr., 339 n16
Isak of Rotimlja, 43 -44, 46
Italic, 55 , 58
J
Jakobson, Roman, 14 n31, 55 , 56 , 56 nn8 and 9, 57 , 60 , 63 n22, 64 n24, 86 , 87 (table 7), 95 , 96 n77, 97
Janko, Richard, 10 n23, 15 , 21 n2, 68 n34, 126 , 126 n7, 128 n8, 156
Jefferson, Thomas, 31 n24
Jekavian dialect, 91
Jones, Alison G., 36 n37
Jones, Frank P., 70 n38, 71 n40
Joy in the Hall theme, 340 n 18
Judith , 32
Junius, Franciscus, 32
K
Kacic-Miosic[*] , Andrija, 28 n 17
Kalevala , 4 , 57 n10
Karadzic[*] , Vuk Stefanovic[*] , 12 , 28 n18, 41 n49, 46 n63, 86 , 86 n63, 87 n65, 94 n74
Kavros, Harry E., 211 n22
Kerewsky Halpern, Barbara, 16 n37, 63 n22, 337 n10
Kiernan, Kevin S., 33 n27, 34 n34, 35
Kintgen, Eugene R., 340 n19
Kirk, Geoffrey S., 44 n60, 74 n42, 75 -76, 77 , 78 n50, 79 , 80 , 138 n19, 146 n28
Kolašin, 40
Kraljevic[*] Marko, 47
Kukuruzovic[*] , Mujo, 26 , 48 -51, 88 , 164 , 164 nn 18 and 19, 165 , 166 -68, 170 , 172 , 175 , 178 -88, 188 n57, 190 , 192 n63, 194 , 194 n67, 195 n8, 196 , 288 -312, 313 , 313 n48, 316 , 316 n49, 322 , 322 n50, 323 , 324 , 326 , 327 , 359 -87, 391
Kulenovic[*] , Camil[*] , 283
Kumstvo ("godfatherhood"), 370
Kurylowicz, Jerzy, 55
L
La Drière, J. Craig, 63
Lapsus calami , 94 n73
Lapsus linguse , 94 n73
La Roche, J., 70 n38
Latacz, Joachim, 121 nn 1 and 2
Latin rhetoric, 19 , 238 n74, 341
Latin vulgate, 213 n28
Lattimore, Richmond, 249 n16
Leechdom manuscripts. See Charms, magical
Lehmann, Winfred P., 59 n14, 61 , 61 n18, 110
Leofric, Bishop, 18
Levy, Harry L., 255 n29
Lithuanian, 60
Lord, Albert Bates: on "adding style,"
49 , 164 ;
on audience, 29 ;
on collecting procedures, 3 n6, 39 n46, 40 , 42 , 90 n66;
on comparing versions of songs, 12 n27;
on defining formula, 158 -65;
on defining theme, 2 n3, 279 ;
on distinguishing individual styles and local traditions, 9 , 166 n25, 171 n31, 199 n75, 288 , 288 n20;
on figure Tale of Orašac, 379 n43;
on fixed texts and transitional (hybrid, mixed) texts, 5 n11, 6 , 21 n3, 29 n19, 281 n7, 344 , 344 n26;
on formulaic analysis, 162 , 162 n12, 163 , 170 , 172 n34, 173 , 175 ;
on guslar learning his craft, 43 n53, 136 n17;
on history vs. tradition, 44 ;
on "literary" imitation of oral tradition, 28 n17;
on meaning of "tradition," 2 ;
on melody, role of in performance, 86 n62, 160 n8;
on memorial transmission, 37 n39;
on metrical dimension of formula, 52 , 85 n59, 86 , 96 ;
on narrative inconsistencies, 279 , 280 n5, 359 n1;
on Old English formula, 206 ;
on oral-dictated texts, 12 n26, 21 , 27 , 28 , 40 -42;
on principles for determining formulaic structure, 138 -40;
on "return-rescue" epics, 363 , 363 n11;
on Return Song, 12 n28, 14 n30, 62 n20, 361 -63;
on ring composition, 252 n24, 351 n34, 380 n45;
seminal nature of his work, 388 ;
on singer's pause for rest, 284 ;
on sound-patterning, 63 n22, 64 n23, 162 n11;
on story-pattern, 15 n33, 34 n33, 362 n7;
on synchronic and diachronic perspectives, 62 n21, 386 n51;
on theme, 241 ,n3, 242 , 243 n7, 244 , 245 , 279 -81,282 , 316 , 329 -30, 332 , 334 , 335 , 346 n29;
on thrift, 164 , 354 , 354 n38;
on tradition-dependent features, 199 n74;
on utility of traditional units, 160 , 165 , 255 n30, 280 ;
on variation in multiforms, 26 , 26 n12, 136 , 159 , 159 n2, 174 , 238 n76, 242 , 268 , 279 , 327 ;
on verbal correspondence, 280 -81, 283 . See also Oral theory
Lord, Mary Louise, 361 n5
Ludwich, A., 77 n47
Lydian, 58
M
Maas, Paul, 69 n36
McCall, Marsh H., 21 n1
Magner, Thomas F., 177 n36
Magoun, Francis P., 17 , 33 , 35 , 52 , 220 , 330 , 330 n3, 332 , 334
Maiewski, George, 117 n106
Malone, Kemp, 32 , 32 n25
Maretic[*] , Tomislav, 77 n49, 85 n60, 86 n64, 90 , 94 n73, 94 n74, 98 n79, 98 n80, 100 n83, 101 n87, 103
Marjanovic[*] , Luka, 12 , 87 n65
Marlco Kraljevic[*] Recogizes His Father' s Sword , 372 n28
MAT (medially accented trisyllable). See under Deseterac, junacki
Matejka, Ladislav, 177 n36
Matica Hrvatska collection, 87 n65
Maxims, The , 204 n7, 229 , 229 n61
Measure (unit of Anglo-Saxon verse), 113 -14, 116 . See also Alliterative line; Creed, Robert P.
Medjedovic[*] , Avdo, 40 , 241 ,366 n15
Meillet, Antoine, 39 , 54 -55, 56 , 57 , 59 , 122 n3
Messing, Gordon M., 15 n35
Metrical word-type localization: in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 208 -35, 237 -39;
in Homer, 134 -37, 137 -55, 156 -57, 246 -47, 247 -76. See also Traditional rules
Meyer's bridge, 75 , 78
Middle English narrative, 21 n1, 26 n13, 31 , 332 , 332 n5
Miletich, John S., 28 n1 7, 139 n22
Milija, Starac, 87 (table 7)
Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature (Harvard University): archival notation, 11 n24, 42 n51, 165 n23;
collecting procedures, 3 n6;
contents, 6 , 12 , 40 , 62 n19, 283 , 361 , 362 , 366 n14, 384 n50;
published
Milman Parry Collection
(continued ) songs (SCHS), x , 40 , 56 n8;
song-texts used for comparison, 50 -51, 85 n61, 88 , 158
Minton, William W., 131
Moslem epic tradition. See Oral theory; Serbo-Croatian epic
Motif (constituent of theme), 289 -327. See also Theme
Moulton, Carroll, 138 n19, 138 n20
Murko, Matija, 17 n38, 39 , 39 n45, 122 n3
N
Nagler, Michael N., 15 n33, 52 n2, 64 -65, 66 n29, 79 n52, 124 -25, 126 , 149 n31, 243 -44, 245 , 279 n3, 361 n5
Nagy, Gregory, 10 , 21 n2, 27 n16, 55 , 55 n7, 56 -57, 60 n16, 67 -68, 80 , 125 -26, 198 n73, 238 n75, 244 -45, 247 nn 13 and 14, 357 n46
Narodni ("folk") guslar , 48 . See also Guslar
Narrative inconsistencies, 242 -43, 279 . See also Gunn, David M.; Lord, Albert Bates
Nibelungenlied , 17
Niles, John D., 33 n31, 228 n60, 252 n24, 339 n15
Nimis, Steve, 15 n35
Njegoš, Bishop, 28 n17
Noetics, 182 . See also Ong, Walter J.
"Nonce" phraseology, 150 , 150 n36, 179 , 211 , 264 n47. See also Formula; Traditional rules
Nortwick, Thomas van, 164 n17
Notopoulos, James A., 284 n12
Novi Pazar, 40 , 51 , 295 , 327
Nowell, Laurence, 32
O
Odyssey, The , 14 -15, 121 -57, 240 -77
Old French epic: Chanson de Roland as oral traditional, 4 , 4 n10, 163 n14;
entire corpus of chansons de geste as oral-derived, 8 , 330 ;
extent of surviving works, 8 n17
Old High German, 332 , 332 n5
Old Norse sagas, 17
Olsen, Alexandra Hennessey, 4 n7, 6 n14, 17 n40, 52 n1, 201 n1, 330 n2
O'Neill, Eugene, Jr., 66 n30, 68 , 78 n51, 134 , 134 n14, 210 n18, 250 nn 18 and 19
Ong, Walter J., S.J., 5 n11, 19 n41, 346 n30
O'Nolan, Kevin, 55 n6, 57 n10
Opland, Jeff, 5 n11, 21 n1, 33 n31, 340 n18
Oral-derived texts: as distinguished from oral performance, ix , 5 -8, 11 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 30 , 233 , 329 , 329 n1, 346 , 347 , 372 n27, 391 ;
as minimal working assumption, 6 , 14 , 17 , 34 -35, 38 , 41 , 335 , 389 ;
"oral-connected," 38 n42
Oral-dictated texts. See Lord, Albert Bates; Serbo-Croatian epic
Oral theory (oral-formulaic or Parry-Lord theory): analogy founded on Moslem epic, 3 , 4 , 8 ;
bibliography, 2 n2;
fieldwork and collecting, 24 , 38 , 42 , 45 , 48 , 64 n24, 255 n28, 369 , 389 ;
history of, 2 n2, 4 n7, 66 , 106 , 121 n1;
supposed mechanistic nature of, 52 , 200 n76
Oral Tradition (journal): 2n2, 201 n1, 240 n1, 279 n1
Ostyak, 204 n7
Outer metric. See Alliterative line; Deseterac, junacki ; Hexameter, Homeric
P
Packard, David W., 64 n23
Page, Denys L., 21 n2
Panathenaea: festival, 21 , 27 , 29 ;
rule, 22 ;
text, 22 , 28 , 30
Panhellenism, 21 , 23 , 24 , 27 n16, 29 , 38 Pantzer, Eugene E., 289 n22
Papyri: "wild" or eccentric, 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 . See also Homeric texts
Parks, Walter Ward, 21 n1, 332 n5
Parry, Adam, 15 n35, 27 n15, 66 n27
Parry, Milman: on analogy, 150 n34, 377 n36;
on fieldwork and collecting, 39 -40, 42 , 44 ;
on Homeric language, 34 n32, 126 n6;
on meaning of
"tradition," 2 , 21 ;
on metrical dimension of formula, 52 , 73 , 79 , 79 n52, 106 , 120 , 132 , 164 , 164 n17, 202 , 210 ;
seminal nature of his work, 121 , 388 ;
on theme, 240 , 241 , 242 , 279 n2;
on thrift, 65 -66, 164 , 354 ;
on traditional language and Greek sculpture, 200 n76;
from "traditional" to "oral," 39 , 39 n44, 122 -24;
on utility of traditional phraseology, 160 , 165 , 165 n21;
on "winged words," 129 , 130 n 10. See also Milman Parry Collection; Oral theory
Parry-Lord theory. See Oral theory
Peabody, Berkley, 10 n22, 55 , 57 -58, 60 , 74 nn 43 and 44, 76 -77, 79 -80, 81 , 82 , 83 , 126 n6, 164 n17, 206 n11, 244 , 359 n1, 361 n5
Peisistratus, 22 , 27 . See Homeric texts
Peregrinatio , 19 . See also Seafarer, The
Performance, oral traditional, 6 , 7 n15, 12 , 25 , 28 , 30 , 40 , 292 , 297
Peters, Leonard J., 329 n1, 344 n25
Petrovic[*] , Svetozar, 61 , 85 n59, 86 -87, 96 , 97
Phoenix, The , 18
Phraseological rules. See Traditional rules
Planctus , 19 . See also Seafarer, The
Pleonasm. See Terracing
Pobratimstvo (blood-brotherhood), 370 , 380 , 384
Podlecki, Anthony J., 255 n29
Podrugovic[*] , Tešan, 87 (table 7)
Poetics, traditional oral: general, 1 ;
reading program, 5 -10;
reading program, application of, 10 -19. See also Genre-dependence; Textdependence; Tradition-dependence
Pope, John C., 34 n34, 35 n36, 111 -13, 114 , 114 n100, 116 , 118 , 202
Pope, M. W. M., 27 n16
Porter, Howard N., 69 n35, 74 -75, 77 , 78 , 78 n51
Postlethwaite, N., 275 n65
Powell, Barry B., 241 n5
Praxeis (Andreou kai Mattheia eis tên polin tôn anthrôpophagôn ), 342 n22, 344 -54
Prendergast, Guy L., 129 n9
Preparation for Journey Home theme, 362
Pripjev (proem), 162 n13, 289 , 289 n22, 291 , 360 n2, 364 , 370
Psalms, The (Old English poem), 213 n28, 231 n65
Puhvel, Jaan, 67 n32
Q
Quantitative close: in deseterac , 95 -96, 97 ;
in hexameter, 73 . See also Right justification
Questioning the Captive theme, 371
R
Radloff, Vasilii V., 39
Raffel, Burton, 38 n42
Ramadan, 40
Ramsey, Lee C., 342 n22, 343 n23
Rašak, Starac, 87 (table 7)
Rec (rijec). See "Word" in oral tradition
Red field, James, 15 n35
Reeve, M. D., 15 n35
Renoir, Alain, 5 n12, 6 n14, 8 n18, 18 , 33 n29, 38 n43, 207 n13, 332 n5, 333 , 333 n7, 346 n30
Responsion, 204 n7, 340 , 341 n20
Return Song: bibliography on, 12 n28, 13 n29;
Captivity of Djulic[*] Ibrahim as, 11 n24, 12 -13;
extended, 369 -85;
Indo-European origin, 14 ;
Odyssey as, 14 -15;
schematized, 13 , 361 -63;
as subgenre of Serbo-Croatian epic, 40 , 41 , 42 , 50 , 85 , 158 -200, 278 -328, 343 n24, 359 -87, 389 , 390 , 391
Rhapsêidos (rhapsode), 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30
Ribanje , 85
"Riddle I" (Exeter Book), 343 n24
Riedinger, Anita, 220 , 220 n44, 221 n46
Right justification, 56 , 57 , 59 , 82 -84, 86 n64, 95 , 96 -106, 119 , 127 , 129 -55, 156 -57, 173 , 178 -96, 202 , 203 n5, 246 -47, 249 n17. See also Alliterative line; Deseterac, junacki ; Hexameter, Homeric
Ring composition (envelope patterns), 155 n40, 252 , 252 n24, 327 , 339 , 339 n15, 351 n34, 380 n45
Ritzke-Rutherford, Jean, 211 n24
Robinson, Fred C., 116 n104, 204 n8, 355 n42
Ropstvo Alagic[*] Alije : (1868), 51 , 88 -103, 165 n23, 288 -312, 359 -87; (6618 ), 51 , 288 -312, 359 -87. See also Kukuruzovic[*] , Mujo
Ropstvo Djulic[*] Ibrahima , 11 -14, 51 , 324 -27. See also Ugljanin, Salih
Ropstvo Ograscic[*] Alije : (1287a), 51 , 88 -103, 165 , 166 -68, 288 -312, 359 -87; (6617 ), 51 , 165 n23, 288 -312, 359 -87. See also Kukuruzovic[*] , Mujo
Rosenmeyer, Thomas G., 66 n28
Rossbach, A., 77 n47
Rothe, C., 240 n2
Rudberg, Stig Y., 71 n40
Russian, 13 n29, 280 n4
Russo, Joseph A., 131 , 137 n18, 138 n21, 242
Russom, Geoffrey R., 82 n56, 114 n101
S
Sanskrit, Vedic, 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 67 , 76
Sarrazin, Gregor, 344 n25
Schaar, Claes, 344 n27
SCHS . See Serbo-Croatian Heroic Songs
Stop (Anglo-Saxon bard), 43 -44, 54 n4, 112 , 128 n8
Scott, William C., 138 , 138 n19
Scourging theme, 336 , 344 -54, 391
Seafarer, The , 18 -19, 353 , 353 n37
Sea Voyage theme, 336 -44, 354 , 390
Second-level focusing processes: in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 238 . See also Serbo-Croatian epic
Segal, Charles P., 243 n7
Serbo-Croatian epic: Albanian influence on, 193 n65;
boundary lines in, 256 n32, 286 -87, 295 -96, 310 , 311 , 313 , 326 , 379 ;
and epic genre, 17 n38;
individual style (idiolect), 9 n21, 10 , 12 , 23 n6, 103 , 166 , 170 , 171 n31, 183 , 186 , 187 , 190 , 191 , 192 (table 20), 194 , 194 n67, 196 , 198 n72, 199 , 275 n65, 279 , 280 , 287 , 288 -312, 327 , 333 n6, 335 -36, 363 n9, 390 ;
licke pjesme ("songs of the Lika"), 46 n63;
"literary" imitation of, 28 n17;
from local tradition to pantraditional language, 324 -27;
local tradition (dialect), 9 , 9 n21, 12 , 23 n6, 166 , 166 n25, 192 (table 20), 196 , 198 n72, 199 , 279 , 280 , 312 -24, 327 , 333 n6, 335 -36, 363 n9, 390 ;
Moslem vs. Christian songs, 3 , 40 , 48 , 50 -51, 94 n74, 162 n 13;
nineteenth-century texts, 7 , 7 n15;
"ornamentation" in, 44 , 47 , 48 , 50 ;
Parry-Lord songs, 3 , 9 , 41 n49, 158 -200, 278 -328, 359 -87;
ring composition in, 252 n24;
second-level focusing processes, 161 -62, 175 (figure 6), 176 , 180 , 183 , 187 , 189 , 194 , 197 -99;
sung vs. recited vs. dictated texts, 40 -42, 88 -94, 286 n15, 287 , 378 n40;
titles, issue of, 50 n71;
Turkicisms in, 193 -94;
Wedding Song, 50 -51, 170 . See also Milman Parry Collection; Return Song; Stolac
Serbo-Croatian Heroic Songs (SCHS ), x , 40 , 324 , 324 n51
Shannon, Richard S., 243 n7
Shouting in Prison theme, 165 , 168 , 288 -327, 362 , 362 n8, 370 n23, 390
Sievers, Eduard, 106 -9, 112 , 112 nn 96 and 98, 113 , 114 n102, 116 , 202 , 227
Singer's (guslar's ) pauses, 284 -88
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight , 5 n12
Sisam, Kenneth, 36 , 37
Skaljic[*] , Abdulah, 193 n66
Skendi, Stavro, 193 n65
Sleeping-feasting theme, 211 -12
Smrt Kraljevica[*] Marka , 87 (table 7)
Shodgrass, A. M., 34 n32
Song amalgam. See Story-pattern
Song of Bagdad, The , 162
Soul and Body I and II, 36 -37
Sound-patterning, 10 , 64 -65, 162 n11, 174 -75, 242 , 297 , 336 , 337 n10. See also Formula
Spanish ballad, 163 n14
Speaking Wood theme, 333
Stanford, W. B., 64 n23
Stankiewicz, Edward, 64 n24
Stephens, L. D., 66
Stock, Brian, 5 n11, 19 n41, 31 n21
Stolac, 40 , 41 , 42 -51, 56 n8, 85 , 85 n61, 86 , 91 n69, 92 n70, 95 , 101 n87, 161 n10, 166 , 171 , 172 , 178 , 278 -328, 359 -87
Stolz, Benjamin A., 85 n58
Story-pattern: Alliance with the enemy, 50 ;
Attack Song, 378 ;
general structure, 10 , 41 , 62 , 242 , 246 , 246 n12, 309 , 359 -87, 391 ;
in Odyssey , 14 ;
return-rescue epic, 363 , 363 n11, 381 , 383 ;
singer's error in, 296 n28, 308 n42, 359 -87;
song amalgam, 50 , 378 , 379 , 391 ;
Withdrawal-Devastation-Return, 15 , 15 n33. See also Return Song; Serbo-Croatian epic
Synchrony: as methodological approach, 3 , 7 , 11 , 103 , 117 , 124 , 183 , 207 , 219 , 222 , 235 , 264 n50, 311 . See also Diachrony
T
Tedlock, Dennis P., 11 n25
Terracing (pleonasm), 163 -64, 174 -75, 182 , 183 , 198 , 204 n7, 291 , 291 n26, 297 , 313 , 356 . See also Enjambement; Formula
Text-dependence: implications for comparative analysis, 37 -39;
as principle, 11 , 137 , 233 , 388 -89
Theme (typical scene): in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 17 , 18 , 220 n44, 238 , 329 -58;
defined by Lord, 2 n3, 279 , 330 ;
distinction between Fry's "theme" and "type-scene," 333 -34;
expectable phraseological makeup in Homer, 245 -47;
general structure of, 4 , 10 , 15 n34, 33 , 38 , 41 , 52 , 62 , 136 , 137 , 166 n26, 390 -91;
narrative pattern in, 276 -77, 289 , 289 -327, 335 -36, 336 -54, 354 -58, 390 ;
in the Odyssey , 14 , 240 -77;
prior scholarship on Homeric, 240 -45;
prior scholarship and current issues on Old English, 329 -35;
prior scholarship on Serbo-Croatian, 279 -84;
relationship to prosody, 65 ;
in Serbo-Croatian epic, 278 -328;
Serbo-Croatian song-texts used for analysis of, 51 (table 2);
spectrum of units, 242 n6, 276 -77, 278 -328;
splitting of, 382 n47;
verbal correspondence in, 254 , 276 -77, 283 , 283 n16, 287 , 289 , 289 -327, 333 , 335 -36, 336 -54, 354 -58, 390 -91. See also Lord, Albert Bates
Thorkelin, G. J., 32
Thornton, Agathe, 241 n5
Thrift (economy): defined in Homer, 65 -66, 128 , 354 , 354 n39;
in non-Homeric traditions, issue of, 65 n26, 128 , 163 -64, 354 . Set also Formula; Parry, Milman
Tocharian, 58
Tolkien, J. R. R., 31 n24
Traditionalist (approach to medieval Romance narrative), 124 n4
Traditional rules (phraseological rules), 390 ;
for Beowulf and Old English poetry, 208 -39;
for Homer, 128 -29, 129 -55, 156 -57, 242 , 246 -47, 247 -76;
for Serbo-Groatian epic, 166 n27, 174 -75, 175 -96, 197 -200, 201 . See also Formula
Tradition-dependence, ix , 4 , 9 -10, 11 , 15 , 16 -17, 17 -18, 30 n20, 33 , 37 n41, 53 , 60 n16, 62 , 63 , 65 , 68 , 84 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 128 , 128 n8, 158 , 166 n27, 199 , 199 n74, 201 , 205 , 206 , 212 , 227 n58, 233 , 236 , 239 , 242 , 246 , 278 , 329 , 331 , 335 -36, 344 , 355 -58, 388 -91
Traerup, Birthe, 160 n8
Transitional (hybrid, mixed) texts, 5 , 6 . See also Lord, Albert Bates
Tripp, Raymond P., 33 n28
Turkicisms, 193 -94, 213 n26
Turkish, 13 n29
Turner, Frederick, 10 n22, 282 n8
U
Ugljanin, Salih, 11 , 12 , 43 n52, 51 , 162 , 164 , 170 , 324 -27
V
van Otterlo, Willem A. A., 252 n24, 351 n34
Variation, figure of (in Old English poetry), 116 , 116 n104, 204 , 355 , 355 n42, 356 -57
Venetus Marcianus 454 (codex), 26 , 28 , 389 . See also Homeric texts
Verbal echo, 206 , 206 n11, 206 n12. See also Cluster
Vercelli Book, 36
Vigorita, John F., 55 , 56 n9, 63 n22
Visnjic[*] , Filip, 87 (table 7)
Vivante, Paolo, 52 n3, 130 n10
Vogul, 204 n7
Vucic[*] , T., 56 n8
Vujnovic[*] , Nikola, 28 n18, 40 , 42 n51, 44 , 44 n59, 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 93 n72, 360 , 361 , 369 , 369 n21
Vulgate (text). See Homeric texts
W
Waldere , 17
Wanderer, The , 19 , 353 , 353 n37
Wanley, Humphrey, 32
Watkins, Calvert W., 55 , 57 n10, 204 n7, 238 n75, 357
Webber, Ruth H., 124 n4, 163 n14
Wedding of Smailagic[*] Meho, The , 241
Wedding Song. See Serbo-Croatian epic
West, Martin L., 54 n4, 55 , 56 , 58 -59, 60 , 60 nn 15 and 17, 61
West, Stephanie, 24 , 25 , 25 n9, 26 , 26 n12
Westphal, R., 77 n47
Whitman, Cedric H., 252 n24, 284 n12, 351 n34
Widsith, 43 -44
Wife's Lament, The , 19 , 353
"Winged words" (epea pteroenta ), 121 , 129 -37, 147 , 219 n43, 246 , 251 n20, 262 n41, 390
Wolf, Friedrich August, 27
Women's songs (Serbo-Croatian), 16 -17
Woods, David, 117 n106
"Word" in oral tradition: in Beowulf and Old English poetry, 219 , 219 n42, 223 ;
in Homer, 137 -55, 157 , 223 n51, 264 , 273 n60, 276 n66;
rec (rijec ) in Serbo-Croatian epic, 44 -45, 47 -48, 49 -50, 67 , 90 n67, 103 n89, 180 , 185 , 186 , 197 , 223 n51, 276 n66, 287 -88, 310 n45, 327 -28, 390 . See also Bajgoric[*] , Halil; Basic[*] , Ibro; Kukuruzovic[*] , Mujo
Word-type localization. See Metrical word-type localization
X
Xeiniê (hospitality), 255 , 255 n29
Y
Yeats, William Buffer, 236
Young Ban of Janok, The , 369 , 378
Z
Zenidba Becirbega[*] Mustajbegova (6699 ), 51 , 64 n24, 88 , 165 n24, 287 n17. See also Bajgoric[*] , Halil
Zenidba Dušanova , 87 (table 7)
Zenske pjesme (women's songs), 16 -17
Zenodotus of Ephesus, 23 , 24
Zidanje Skadra , 87 (table 7)
Zupitza, Julius, 32