C

Caddoe: 1863 delegation to Washington, 235

Calcified ritual, 22 , 29 -30, 90

Calumet ceremony, 109 , 110 , 112 , 129 , 138 , 281

Cames, Mark C.: Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America,50 , 211 , 212 , 213

Carondelet, Baron de, 13 , 109 , 113 , 199

Carroll, John A., 259

Carson, Kit, 16 , 28 , 102 , 174 -175, 182

marriages, 123 , 206 ;

social position in fort, 172

Catlinite, 74

Celestial archetypes: in traditional societies, 35 , 36

Ceramics, 303n 38, 304n 48;

and ritual behavior, 151 -152;

used at Bents Old Fort, 178 -182

Chamberlain, Ike, 149

Champlain, Jean Baptiste, 13 , 116

Chaos: association with unknown, 244 -245;

transformation of through ritual, 24

Cheetham, F. T., 210 -212

Chenoweth, J. Edgar, 259

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, 190

Cheyenne, 8 , 9 ;

alcohol use, 140 -141;

alliance with Arapaho, 109 ;

ancestral home, 74 , 107 ;

benefits of trade with Bent & St. Vrain, 121 ;

buffalo in culture, 74 ;

cholera epidemic among, 226 ;

contraries (Crazy Dogs), 79 ;

difficulty adopting to sedentary. life, 234 ;

disenfranchisement by Treaty of Fort Wise, 232 ;

Dog Soldiers, 242 , 292n 14;

early resistance to American traders, 11 , 13 , 116 -117;

1863 delegation to Washington, 234 -235;

embedded position in emerging modemity, 55 , 250 ;

escalating violence with U.S. military, 229 , 230 -231;

fictive kinship relation to Bent's Fort traders, 14 , 35 -36, 155 , 204 -207;

horses in culture, 78 , 109 ;

hostility toward Anglos after Sand Creek, 31 , 242 ;

inter-tribal conflict of 1850s, 229 -230;

medicine wheels, 41 , 42 , 43 ;

and meteor shower of 1833, 34 ;

middleman role in southwestern trade, 111 , 155 ;

migrations 1673-1869, 108ill ;

mythology, 35 , 71 , 292 n 14;

relocation to Oklahoma, 16 , 31 , 243 ;

ritual based on astronomical calendar, 41 -43;

Siberian ancestry, 64 , 65 , 71 -72;

starvation and disease of 1850s, 228 ;

tobacco's role in trade rituals, 74 ;

trade with Europeans, 11 ;

trade with Pueblo, 109 ;

Treaty of Fort Laramie, 227 -228. See also Sun Dance

Chivington, John M., 233 -234, 238 -240, 244

Chivington Massacre, 233

Cholera epidemic of 1849, 195 -196, 223 , 226

Chouteau, Augustc, 204

Christianity, 45 , 216

Civil War: on southwestern Plains, 233 -234

Clark, William, 140

Clifford, James, 70 , 77

Clinton, William, 40

Coffee, Holland, 121

Cognitive anthropology, 70 -71

Colley, S. G., 234 -235

Colonialism, 51 -52

Colorado Territory: Confederate Army invasion of, 233 ;

conflict between Anglos and Native Americans, 234 -238;

friction with federal government after Sand Creek, 241 -242

Comanche: change in relations with Mexico, 120 ;

1863 delegation to Washington, 234 -235;

horses in culture, 9 ;

hostilities with Americans after Mexican War, 125 , 223 ;

hostility toward Bent & St. Vrain, 124 -125, 171 ;

intertribal conflict of 1850s, 229 -230;

Treaty of Fort Laramie, 228

Commodities: vs. gifts, 28 , 132 . See also Trade goods

Confucianism, 45 -46

Contraries (Crazy Dogs), 79

Counting coup, 72 -73, 235

Craigen, F. W., 149

Cronen, William: Changes in the Land,105

Crosby, Alfred, 104 .

Crow, 84 ;

intertribal conflict of 1850s, 230 ;

Treaty of Fort Laramie, 227 -228

Cultural hegemony, 308n 7;

and annexation of Southwest, 249 -250

Culture: defined, 20 -21, 282 ;

and identity, 22 -33;

of modernity, 166 ;

of shared values and beliefs, 166

Custer, George Armstrong, 243