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Seven Saint-Just and the Problem of Heroism in the French Revolution

1. All the references in this article refer to this edition: Antoine de Saint-Just, De la nature . . ., in Frammenti sulli Istituzioni repubblicane seguito da testi inediti (Torino: Einaudi, 1952). [BACK]

2. J.-P. Gross, "Essai de bibliographie critique," in Actes du Colloque Saint-Just (Paris: PUF, 1968), pp. 343-463. [BACK]

3. De la nature . . ., p. 135.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid. [BACK]

3. De la nature . . ., p. 135.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid. [BACK]

3. De la nature . . ., p. 135.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid. [BACK]

6. The same passive meaning is found on p. 142, where Saint-Just writes: "The natural pact excludes any particular force that is independent of the sovereign." This should read, "with regard to the sovereign." [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

7. De la nature . . ., p. 156.

8. Ibid., p. 157.

9. Ibid., p. 175.

10. Ibid., p. 143.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 148. [BACK]

13. George Gurvitch, L'Idée du droit social (Paris: PUF, 1932), p. 15. [BACK]

14. De la nature . . ., p. 158.

15. Ibid., p. 152.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., p. 146. [BACK]

14. De la nature . . ., p. 158.

15. Ibid., p. 152.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., p. 146. [BACK]

14. De la nature . . ., p. 158.

15. Ibid., p. 152.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., p. 146. [BACK]

14. De la nature . . ., p. 158.

15. Ibid., p. 152.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., p. 146. [BACK]

18. Jean Richer, ''Charles Nodier de la Révolution française," in Philosophies de la Révolution (Paris: Vrin, 1984). [BACK]

19. M.J. Lasky, Utopia and Revolution (Chicago, 1976), pp. 239-259. [BACK]

20. De la nature . . ., p. 161. [BACK]

21. Michael Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints (New York, 1976). [BACK]

22. De la nature . . ., p. 155. [BACK]

23. Frammenti , p. 49. [BACK]

24. Kant, Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone , 1793. [BACK]

25. Miguel Abensour, "La théorie des institutions et les relations du législateur et du peuple selon Saint-Just," in Actes du Colloque Saint-Just (Paris: PUF, 1968), pp. 239-290. [BACK]

26. Frammenti , p. 47. [BACK]

27. Jules Michelet, Histoire de la Révolution française , vol. 2 (Paris: La Pleiade, 1952), P. 79.

28. Ibid., p. 73. [BACK]

27. Jules Michelet, Histoire de la Révolution française , vol. 2 (Paris: La Pleiade, 1952), P. 79.

28. Ibid., p. 73. [BACK]

29. Saint-Just, Discours et Rapports (Paris: Editions Sociales, 1957), pp. 63, 65, 67. [BACK]

30. Saint-Just, Oeuvres (Paris: Vellay, 1908), 1:398. [BACK]

31. Michael Walzer, Regicide and Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 1974. [BACK]

32. Discours , pp. 186-187. [BACK]

33. Frammenti , p. 52. [BACK]

34. Hölderlin, Hymns, Elegies and Other Poems (Paris: Gallimard, 1983), Introduction, p. 8. [BACK]

35. Discours , p. 196.

36. Ibid., p. 183. [BACK]

35. Discours , p. 196.

36. Ibid., p. 183. [BACK]

37. Claude Lefort, L'invention démocratique (Paris: Fayard, 1981). [BACK]

38. Paul Celan, Le méridien (Mercure de France, 1971). [BACK]


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