Preferred Citation: Lewis, Martin W. Wagering the Land: Ritual, Capital, and Environmental Degradation in the Cordillera of Northern Luzon, 1900-1986. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1992 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2d5nb17h/

 

W

Wage labor: change in wage structure, 147

in prewar trade, 89

replacement of cooperative exchange, 154

traditional form (dangas ), 48 -49, 51 , 146 , 154

Watershed protection, 196

Water shortages, 167 , 180 -182, 193 , 227

Water spirits (timungao ), 61 , 64 , 80

Watts, Michael, 4

Weber, Max, 240 -242

Wedding ceremony, 65

Wild foods, 36

Wildlife destruction, 185 -186

Witchcraft, 51 , 75

Worcester, Dean C., 12 , 99

Work ethic, 239 , 241

World War II, 107 -111

guerilla fighting, 108

social and ecological consequences, 109 -111

 

Preferred Citation: Lewis, Martin W. Wagering the Land: Ritual, Capital, and Environmental Degradation in the Cordillera of Northern Luzon, 1900-1986. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1992 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2d5nb17h/