1. "A Senate Inquiry," New York Times , October 13, 1951.

2. "Death of Nimitz Board Frees M'Carran's Hand," New York Times , November 4, 1951.

3. See Thurman Arnold to Herbert M. Levy, in Gressley, Voltaire and the Cowboy , 410-11. Arnold objected to ACLU's "quibbling" about technicalities while ignoring fundamental "legal and constitutional issues."

4. "Observing Fair Procedure," New York Times , November 16, 1951.

5. "Lattimore Rebukes US Policy Makers," New Haven Evening Register , October 21, 1951.

6. SISS/IPR, 2900.

7. FBI/OL, 3248.

8. FBI/OL, 3242.

9. FBI/OL, 3242, 3248, 3259.

10. FBI/OL, 3297.

11. FBI/OL, 3283, 3297.

12. "Communist Threat inside U.S.," U.S. News and World Report , November 16, 1951, 27-28.

13. SISS/IPR, 2175.

14. May, China Scapegoat , 348.

15 . SISS/IPR, 2021-22.

16. Ibid., 2281.

15 . SISS/IPR, 2021-22.

16. Ibid., 2281.

17. FBI/OL, no serial number. This is a memo from Branigan to Belmont, April 1, 1952.

18. Some of Poppe's background is given in SISS/IPR, 2691-2731. For much of what Poppe did not tell the Senate, see Simpson, Blowback , 118-23. See also Poppe, Reminiscences , 208-16.

19. Weiner, "Nazi Sympathizers."

20. Poppe to Robert Morris, October 24, 1952, Box 139, RG 46, NA.

21. SISS/IPR, 2724-26.

22. SISS/IPR, 2726.

23. Poppe, Reminiscences , 216.

24. Westerfield, Foreign Policy and Party Politics , 246; Rorty and Decter, McCarthy and the Communists , 14; Navasky, Naming Names , chap. 10.

25. SISS/IPR, 2947.

26. Ibid., 2926.

27. Ibid., 2933-35.

28. Ibid., 3022-33. During the Iran-Contra hearings in Washington in July 1987, the frequency, force, and length of objections by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's counsel to questions asked by congressmen contrasted sharply with the muzzle put on counsel before SISS thirty-five years earlier.

25. SISS/IPR, 2947.

26. Ibid., 2926.

27. Ibid., 2933-35.

28. Ibid., 3022-33. During the Iran-Contra hearings in Washington in July 1987, the frequency, force, and length of objections by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's counsel to questions asked by congressmen contrasted sharply with the muzzle put on counsel before SISS thirty-five years earlier.

25. SISS/IPR, 2947.

26. Ibid., 2926.

27. Ibid., 2933-35.

28. Ibid., 3022-33. During the Iran-Contra hearings in Washington in July 1987, the frequency, force, and length of objections by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's counsel to questions asked by congressmen contrasted sharply with the muzzle put on counsel before SISS thirty-five years earlier.

25. SISS/IPR, 2947.

26. Ibid., 2926.

27. Ibid., 2933-35.

28. Ibid., 3022-33. During the Iran-Contra hearings in Washington in July 1987, the frequency, force, and length of objections by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's counsel to questions asked by congressmen contrasted sharply with the muzzle put on counsel before SISS thirty-five years earlier.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

29. SISS/IPR, 2899.

30. Ibid., 3038, 3041.

31. Ibid., 3041-42.

32. Ibid., 3084.

33. Ibid., 3095-96.

34. Ibid., 3123-25.

35. Ibid., 3426. The McCarran demand that Lattimore answer without thinking appears on page 3527.

36. Ibid., 3426.

37. Arnold, Fair Fights and Foul , 216.

38. Olney Oral History, Bancroft Library, University of California, 358, 362.

39. SISS/IPR, 3262.

40. "Lattimore Lashes Out at Committee," Washington Post , February 27, 1952; "Lattimore the Witness," New York Times , March 2, 1952.

41. SISS/IPR, 2919, 2924.

42. Ibid., 2988.

43. Ibid., 3006.

44. Ibid., 3078.

45. Ibid., 3085.

41. SISS/IPR, 2919, 2924.

42. Ibid., 2988.

43. Ibid., 3006.

44. Ibid., 3078.

45. Ibid., 3085.

41. SISS/IPR, 2919, 2924.

42. Ibid., 2988.

43. Ibid., 3006.

44. Ibid., 3078.

45. Ibid., 3085.

41. SISS/IPR, 2919, 2924.

42. Ibid., 2988.

43. Ibid., 3006.

44. Ibid., 3078.

45. Ibid., 3085.

41. SISS/IPR, 2919, 2924.

42. Ibid., 2988.

43. Ibid., 3006.

44. Ibid., 3078.

45. Ibid., 3085.

46. Fairbank, Chinabound , 347; SISS/IPR, 3721, 3718; Fairbank, Chinabound , 345.

47. SISS/IPR, 3720.

48. See note 17.

49. SISS/IPR, 3199, 3125, 3130, 3126, 3290.

50. Ibid., 3674-76.

51. Ibid., 3677, 3679.

49. SISS/IPR, 3199, 3125, 3130, 3126, 3290.

50. Ibid., 3674-76.

51. Ibid., 3677, 3679.

49. SISS/IPR, 3199, 3125, 3130, 3126, 3290.

50. Ibid., 3674-76.

51. Ibid., 3677, 3679.

52. "Senators Accuse Lattimore of Untruths in Testimony," New York Times , March 22,1952; Baltimore Sun , March 23, 1952; Owens, "The Committee versus the Professor," Baltimore Sun , March 24, 1952.

53. Lattimore to Vincent, May 7, 1952, LP.

54. Tuchman to Lattimore, February 27, 1952, LP.

55. Vincent to Lattimore, March 28, 1952, LP.

56. "No Action on Lattimore Planned," New York Times , March 29, 1952.