1. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 125; New York Times , April 22, 1950.

2. FBI/OL, 1051.

3. FBI/OL, 1785.

4. Tydings, 631-59.

5. Ibid., 660-67.

4. Tydings, 631-59.

5. Ibid., 660-67.

6. FBI/OL, 1463. The Kerley charge reached the Times in watered-down form; see "Bella Dodd Terms Budenz 'Dishonest,'" New York Times , April 26, 1950. In this story Huber had only been "assaulted."

7. FBI/OL, 1282, 1463.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

7. FBI/OL, 1282, 1463.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

7. FBI/OL, 1282, 1463.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

7. FBI/OL, 1282, 1463.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. FBI/OL, 1504.

12. FBI/OL, 1484, 1907.

13. "Budenz Cautions of Plot in Pacific," New York Times , April 24, 1950.

14. Tydings, 669-707.

15. Ibid., 709-35; Field, From Right to Left , 218. Field's description of the Tydings hearings, and the mendacious Budenz, is inaccurate in some details but is overall a shrewd account of the inquisition. See especially chapter 20.

14. Tydings, 669-707.

15. Ibid., 709-35; Field, From Right to Left , 218. Field's description of the Tydings hearings, and the mendacious Budenz, is inaccurate in some details but is overall a shrewd account of the inquisition. See especially chapter 20.

16. Tydings, 768.

17. Ibid., 759. For an extensive discussion of Utley's political and ideological shifts, and of her belief that the Nazis in 1940 could be "humanized and democratized" and hence were preferable to the Communists, see Klotz, "Freda Utley," chaps. 7-8.

16. Tydings, 768.

17. Ibid., 759. For an extensive discussion of Utley's political and ideological shifts, and of her belief that the Nazis in 1940 could be "humanized and democratized" and hence were preferable to the Communists, see Klotz, "Freda Utley," chaps. 7-8.

18. Author interview with Utley, December 3, 1977.

19. "Freda Utley Calls Lattimore No Red Spy, But a 'Judas Cow,' " New York Times , May 2, 1950.

20. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 146.

21. Tydings, 802.

22. Shewmaker, Americans and Chinese Communists , 245.

23. Tydings, 807.

24. Ibid., 809.

25. Ibid., 809, 813.

23. Tydings, 807.

24. Ibid., 809.

25. Ibid., 809, 813.

23. Tydings, 807.

24. Ibid., 809.

25. Ibid., 809, 813.

26. New York Times , May 3, 1950.

27. Jansen, " Owen Lattimore and the China Policy," Christian Science Monitor , May 12, 1950.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

28. Congressional Record , Senate, May 12, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 6969.

29. Ibid., 6970.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 6971.

32. Ibid., 6972, 6971.

33. Ibid., 6973-74.

34. "Budenz Uses Catholic Church as a 'Shield,' Chavez Charges," New York Times , May 13, 1950; "Head of Fordham Champions Budenz," New York Times , May 14, 1950; "McCarthy Says Red Wrote Chavez Talk,'' New York Compass , May 26, 1950.

35. Mimeographed copy of speech in LP; "Seven G.O.P. Senators Decry 'Smear' Tactics of McCarthy," New York Times , June 2, 1950.

36. Stueck, Road to Confrontation , 217.

37. Buhite, Soviet-American Relations , 169. On the outbreak of the Korean War, see also Cumings, Origins of the Korean War ; and Simmons, Strained Alliance .

38. Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , 167.

39. Congressional Record , Senate, July 6, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 9715; "McCarthy Charges Files Destruction," New York Times , July 13, 1950.

40. Chicago Daily Tribune , July 10, 1950.

41. Mimeographed copy of speech, LP.

42. Baltimore Evening Sun , July 7, 1950.

43. Tydings Report , 167. For a critique of the Tydings Report and its reception, see Reeves, Life and Times , 304-14.

44. "Red Charges by McCarthy Ruled False," New York Times , June 18, 1950.

45. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 216, 9.

46. Ibid., 222.

45. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 216, 9.

46. Ibid., 222.

47. Friendly, "Lattimore Answers McCarthy," Washington Post , July 30, 1950. Koen's book was actually printed in 1960 by Macmillan and review copies sent out, but the book was then withdrawn. Lawyers for the Chinese Nationalist government threatened Macmillan with a lawsuit because of charges in Koen's preface of illegal smuggling of narcotics into the United States by Nationalist Chinese. The book was finally published by Harper and Row in 1974.

48. Stefansson to Lattimores, October 6, 1949, LP.

49. Evelyn Stefansson to Eleanor Lattimore, May 18, 1950, LP. For Stefansson's account of this event, see his Discovery , chap. 45.

50. Stefansson to Lattimores, June 12, 1950, LP.

51. Stefansson to Lattimores, June 17, 1950, LP.

52. Stefansson to Lattimores, July 25, 1950, LP; FBI/OL, 2523.

53. "M'Carthy Hits Sale of Lattimore House," New York Times , July 28, 1950.

54. "New McCarthy vs. Lattimore Dispute On," Baltimore Sun , July 28, 1950.