1. FBI Headquarters File 100-63, Louis Francis Budenz, Internal Security—C, Serial 122; hereafter cited as FBI/LB, plus the serial number.

2. Budenz, This Is My Story , preface, chaps. 10-11.

3. FBI/LB, 138.

4. FBI/LB, 149.

5. FBI/LB, 160.

6. FBI/LB, 211.

7. Ibid.

6. FBI/LB, 211.

7. Ibid.

8. FBI/LB, 139.

9. FBI New York Office File 62-8988B, Serial 3. The New York office changed classifications on Budenz several times, and the different tiles were not kept clearly separate. Hereafter, New York files on Budenz will be cited as FBINY, Budenz, file number, and serial.

10. FBI/LB, 190.

11. In the period just before the Tydings hearings, and again in 1951 when Budenz was called before the McCarran committee, the changes in his recollections due to "refreshing his memory" were so numerous the FBI could hardly keep track of them. See FBI/OL, 728.

12. FBI/LB, 227.

13. FBI/OL, 2327, 1324.

14. The transcript of the Santo hearing is printed in Tydings, 1691-1725.

15. Anderson, Confessions of a Muckraker , 201.

16. FBI/LB, 257.

17. FBINY, Budenz, 62-8988B, Serial 11; Budenz, 66-6709B, Serial 203.

18. FBI/LB, 282.

19. FBI/LB, 288.

20. Budenz, "Menace of Red China," 23.

21. Margaret Budenz, Streets , 242.

22. FBI/OL, 515.

23. Ibid.

22. FBI/OL, 515.

23. Ibid.

24. FBI/OL, 3114.

25. FBI/OL, 182.

26. FBI/OL, 226.

27. FBI/OL, 531.

28. FBI/OL, 515, 444.

29. FBI/OL, 463, 514.

30. FBI/OL, 1821.

31. FBI/OL, 532.

32. FBI/OL, 501.

33. Ibid.

32. FBI/OL, 501.

33. Ibid.

34. FBI/OL, 561.

35. FBI/OL, 488.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid.

35. FBI/OL, 488.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid.

35. FBI/OL, 488.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid.

38. FBI/OL, 724.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

38. FBI/OL, 724.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

38. FBI/OL, 724.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. FBI/OL, 927.

42. FBI/OL, 1151.

43. FBI/OL, 1150.

44. FBI/OL, 1823.

45. FBI/OL, 1822.

46. FBI/OL, 702.

47. FBI/LB, 314.

48. FBI/OL, 1332; Reeves, Joe McCarthy , 716.

49. FBI/OL, 1032.

50. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 111-12.

51. Field's testimony is in Tydings, 709-35; Dodd's testimony is in Tydings, 631-59; Thorpe's testimony is in Tydings, 5558-68. Charles Callas, who worked for SISS from February to June 1952, says Thorpe told him that contrary to statements made by Lattimore in Ordeal by Slander , Thorpe's expenses in Washington were paid by the Lattimore team; author interview with Callas, August 19, 1989. All the principals are now deceased, and it is impossible to find records settling the matter.

52. William G. Weart, "Lattimore Bids U.S. Sever Formosa Tie, " New York Times , April 16, 1950.

53. Tydings, 488.

54. Ibid., 489.

53. Tydings, 488.

54. Ibid., 489.

55. Budenz's "four hundred" list included many persons whom he never accused publicly. The FBI has released only a fraction of those he named. Some of the more prominent: Kay Boyle, John Carter Vincent, Albert Einstein, Rockwell Kent, Senator Elbert D. Thomas, Henry Steele Commager, Clifford Durr, John K. Fairbank, Carey McWilliams, Linus Pauling, Thomas L Emerson, Walter Gellhorn, Representative Adolph Sabath.

56. Tydings, 489; FBI/OL, 214, 1621.

57. FBI/OL, 344.

58. Tydings, 496.

59. Ibid., 534.

58. Tydings, 496.

59. Ibid., 534.

60. Tydings, 491-95. The fifth of these charges Budenz retracted in FBI interviews of May 4 and June 2, 1950; FBI/OL, 2434.

61. Bayley, Joe McCarthy and the Press, analyzes press failure to show McCarthy's mendacity.

62. Krock, "Capital Is Disturbed by Budenz Testimony," New York Times , April 23, 1950.

63. FBI/OL, 1065.

64. FBI/OL, 1231.

65. FBINY, Budenz, 62-8988, Serial 237; FBINY, Budenz, 66-6709, Serial 262.

66. FBI/LB, 324.