1. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1950 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1950), 11.

2. Department of State Bulletin , January 12, 1950, 111.

3. Lattimore expressed these views in an ONA article carried by the York Gazette and Daily , July 9, 1949.

4. Acheson, Present at the Creation , 469-70.

5. W. H. Lawrence, "G.O.P. Poses Issues for '50 as Liberty versus Socialism," New York Times , February 7, 1950.

6. Lattimore to Gardner, February 1, 1950, LP.

7. Lattimore to Evans, February 26, 1950, LP.

8. FBI/OL, 151.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

8. FBI/OL, 151.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

8. FBI/OL, 151.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. FBI/OL, 164.

12. Author interview with Burkhardt, May 7, 1982.

13. FBI/OL, 228.

14. See the account in Reeves, Joe McCarthy , chaps. 8-9.

15. All sources mentioned in this paragraph are in the bibliography.

16. See Hofstadter, Paranoid Style , for a historical approach to conspiracy theory.

17. Goldman, Crucial Decade , 116.

18. Watkins, Enough Rope , ix.

19. Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , 114.

20. Tydings. For narrative accounts of the Tydings hearings, see Reeves, Joe McCarthy , chaps. 12-13; Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , chap. 8; Griffith, Politics of Fear , chap. 3.

21. Keeley, China Lobby Man , 98-99.

22. Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , 121.

23. I heard this story from John F. Melby (interview, June 10, 1983), who in 1950 was a foreign service officer on the Philippine desk.

24. Anderson, Confessions of a Muckraker , 196-97.

25. FBI/OL, 192, 178.

26. FBI/OL, 178.

27. FBI/OL, 2462.

28. FBI/OL, 916.

29. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 5.

30. Ibid., 8.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 3.

33. Ibid., 4.

29. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 5.

30. Ibid., 8.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 3.

33. Ibid., 4.

29. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 5.

30. Ibid., 8.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 3.

33. Ibid., 4.

29. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 5.

30. Ibid., 8.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 3.

33. Ibid., 4.

29. Lattimore, Ordeal by Slander , 5.

30. Ibid., 8.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 3.

33. Ibid., 4.

34. FBI/OL, 1699.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

34. FBI/OL, 1699.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

34. FBI/OL, 1699.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

37. Anderson, Confessions of a Muckraker , 198.

38. Keeley, China Lobby Man , 3.

39. McCarthy to Utley, April 4, 1950, Utley Papers, Box 8, Hoover Institution; Reeves, Joe McCarthy , 267-68.

40. Anderson and May, McCarthy , 304. For a revealing account of Don Surine, see the extensive records of Tom Reeves's conversations with him in the Reeves Papers, Wisconsin State Historical Society.

41. Reeves, Joe McCarthy , 359, 366-69.

42. Ibid., 341-45, 363-64, 445.

41. Reeves, Joe McCarthy , 359, 366-69.

42. Ibid., 341-45, 363-64, 445.

43. Author interview with Burkhardt, May 7, 1982.

44. FBI/OL, 207.

45. FBI/OL, 226, 1221.

46. FBI/OL, 1447.

47. FBI/OL, 372, 1447.

48. Reeves, Joe McCarthy , 268.

49. FBI/OL, 243. The text of the McCarthy speech is also in Congressional Record , March 30, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 4375-93.

50. Ibid., 4385; Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , 145.

49. FBI/OL, 243. The text of the McCarthy speech is also in Congressional Record , March 30, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 4375-93.

50. Ibid., 4385; Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense , 145.

51. George McT. Kahin, then a graduate student at Johns Hopkins, went to McCarthy's office to check out the sources of McCarthy's charges against Lattimore. He told me, ''I found it surprisingly easy to look for things that I wanted. I said, 'This has to be in the public domain, he's been talking about this.' "Kahin found that McCarthy had taken statements out of context, doctored them, even conjured some of them up. Author interview with Kahin, August 10, 1979.

52. FBI/OL, 3114.

53. See discussion of the Amerasia case in chapter 9.

54. On the Hobbs committee report, see Congressional Record , May 22, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 7428-68.

55. Hofstadter, Paranoid Style , 36.

56. Congressional Record , March 30, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d sess., 4380.

57. Stewart Alsop, The Center , 8.

58. Time , April 17, 1950, 22.

59. Edwards, "Lattimore Raked by Sen. McCarthy," Chicago Daily Tribune , March 31, 1950; Edwards, "Senator Will Give Evidence to FBI," Washington Times-Herald , March 31, 1950.

60. FBI/OL, 3114.

61. Ibid.

60. FBI/OL, 3114.

61. Ibid.

62. FBI/OL, 3711.

63. FBI/OL, 2778. See also Theoharis and Cox, The Boss , 285-87.