1. Graebner, New Isolationism , 27.

2. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , 12, 82-85, 99-100, 104-7, 122.

3. Ibid., 121, 120.

4. Ibid., 140, 139, 152-53, 173.

5. Ibid., 158.

6. Ibid., 191, 196, 197. When Lattimore was indicted in 1954 for following the Communist party line in his writings, the displaced and embittered foreign service officer Joseph W. Ballantine "analyzed" Lattimore's writings. Solution , said Ballantine, "goes 100 percent along the line of the Communist solution in Asia"; Ballantine Oral History, Columbia University Libraries, 216. The official Justice Department-sponsored analysis of Lattimore's writings in which Ballantine was involved, was equally mendacious; Solution was cited as Communist-lining in seventy-one places, but none of Lattimore's extensive argument for free enterprise, and for outflanking the Russians, was acknowledged. See chap. 26.

2. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , 12, 82-85, 99-100, 104-7, 122.

3. Ibid., 121, 120.

4. Ibid., 140, 139, 152-53, 173.

5. Ibid., 158.

6. Ibid., 191, 196, 197. When Lattimore was indicted in 1954 for following the Communist party line in his writings, the displaced and embittered foreign service officer Joseph W. Ballantine "analyzed" Lattimore's writings. Solution , said Ballantine, "goes 100 percent along the line of the Communist solution in Asia"; Ballantine Oral History, Columbia University Libraries, 216. The official Justice Department-sponsored analysis of Lattimore's writings in which Ballantine was involved, was equally mendacious; Solution was cited as Communist-lining in seventy-one places, but none of Lattimore's extensive argument for free enterprise, and for outflanking the Russians, was acknowledged. See chap. 26.

2. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , 12, 82-85, 99-100, 104-7, 122.

3. Ibid., 121, 120.

4. Ibid., 140, 139, 152-53, 173.

5. Ibid., 158.

6. Ibid., 191, 196, 197. When Lattimore was indicted in 1954 for following the Communist party line in his writings, the displaced and embittered foreign service officer Joseph W. Ballantine "analyzed" Lattimore's writings. Solution , said Ballantine, "goes 100 percent along the line of the Communist solution in Asia"; Ballantine Oral History, Columbia University Libraries, 216. The official Justice Department-sponsored analysis of Lattimore's writings in which Ballantine was involved, was equally mendacious; Solution was cited as Communist-lining in seventy-one places, but none of Lattimore's extensive argument for free enterprise, and for outflanking the Russians, was acknowledged. See chap. 26.

2. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , 12, 82-85, 99-100, 104-7, 122.

3. Ibid., 121, 120.

4. Ibid., 140, 139, 152-53, 173.

5. Ibid., 158.

6. Ibid., 191, 196, 197. When Lattimore was indicted in 1954 for following the Communist party line in his writings, the displaced and embittered foreign service officer Joseph W. Ballantine "analyzed" Lattimore's writings. Solution , said Ballantine, "goes 100 percent along the line of the Communist solution in Asia"; Ballantine Oral History, Columbia University Libraries, 216. The official Justice Department-sponsored analysis of Lattimore's writings in which Ballantine was involved, was equally mendacious; Solution was cited as Communist-lining in seventy-one places, but none of Lattimore's extensive argument for free enterprise, and for outflanking the Russians, was acknowledged. See chap. 26.

2. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , 12, 82-85, 99-100, 104-7, 122.

3. Ibid., 121, 120.

4. Ibid., 140, 139, 152-53, 173.

5. Ibid., 158.

6. Ibid., 191, 196, 197. When Lattimore was indicted in 1954 for following the Communist party line in his writings, the displaced and embittered foreign service officer Joseph W. Ballantine "analyzed" Lattimore's writings. Solution , said Ballantine, "goes 100 percent along the line of the Communist solution in Asia"; Ballantine Oral History, Columbia University Libraries, 216. The official Justice Department-sponsored analysis of Lattimore's writings in which Ballantine was involved, was equally mendacious; Solution was cited as Communist-lining in seventy-one places, but none of Lattimore's extensive argument for free enterprise, and for outflanking the Russians, was acknowledged. See chap. 26.

7. Lattimore, Solution in Asia , AMS edition, i-vi.

8. Keeley, China Lobby Man, 67 .

9. Thomas, Institute of Pacific Relations , 41.

10. Keeley, China Lobby Man , 314.

11. Thomas, Institute of Pacific Relations , 41.

12. Security in the Pacific (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1945).

13. SISS/IPR, 994.

14. SISS/IPR, 991-92.

15. Pacificus, "Dangerous Experts," Nation 160 (February 3, 1945): 128.

16. FBI/OL, 1683; SISS/IPR, 703-54.

17. I. F. Stone, "Pearl Harbor Diplomats," Nation 161 (July 14, 1945): 25-27. An accurate account of Grew's resignation is in Heinrichs, American Ambassador , 380.

18. FBI/OL, 5.

19. Lattimore, "International Chess Game," 732.

20. Ibid., 733.

19. Lattimore, "International Chess Game," 732.

20. Ibid., 733.

21. Keeley, China Lobby Man , 87. Eastman also sought material from Freda Utley. A copy of the Eastman-Powell Reader's Digest article ("The Fate of the World") in Utley's papers at the Hoover Institution has "written by Freda Utley" on the cover page, and attached is what appears to be Utley's manuscript as submitted to Eastman. Some of the Utley manuscript does appear in the Digest article, but it also contains material not in her draft. When Utley published The China Story in 1951, she mentioned the Eastman-Powell article but did not hint at her part in it; China Story , 148.

22. O'Neill, Last Romantic , xvii.

23. Eastman and Powell, "The Fate of the World."

24. O'Neill, Last Romantic , 227.

25. SISS/IPR, 3353.

26. This account is taken from Latham, Communist Controversy in Washington , 203-16; Service, Amerasia Papers ; Tydings, 431; Congressional Record , March 30, 1950, 81st Cong., 2d Sess., 4375-98.

27. Moos affidavit, April 5, 1950, LP; Tydings, 431. Innocent as Moos's participation in the Ruxton picnic was, his casual acquaintance with Lattimore, Service, and Roth may have cost him the presidency of the University of Maryland. An FBI memo of February 16, 1954, from Lee Pennington to D. M. Ladd, notes

that while Moos was being considered for the job, he was "tied up with Lattimore and the subversive group of professors at Johns Hopkins University"; FBI/OL, 5549. This handicap did not, however, prevent Moos from serving with distinction as one of President Eisenhower's speechwriters and later as president of the University of Minnesota.

28. FBI/OL, 1189, 544.

29. Author interview with Abel Wolman, February 13, 1984.

30. Well, Pretty Good Club , 216.

31. SISS/IPR, 3087.

32. SISS/IPR, 3387.

33. SISS/IPR, 3388.

34. Ibid.

33. SISS/IPR, 3388.

34. Ibid.

35. New York Times , August 6, 1945.

36. Ibid.; Ballantine Oral History, 218.

35. New York Times , August 6, 1945.

36. Ibid.; Ballantine Oral History, 218.

37. Byrnes, All in One Lifetime , 310.