1. Lattimore, preface to Turkestan Reunion , AMS edition, xv.

2. Lattimore to Nef, May 15, 1970, Nef private papers.

3. Lattimore to Okladnikov, March 27, 1970, Lattimore File, CIA.

4. Snow to Lattimores, May 20, 1970, LP; Lattimore, introduction to China Shakes the World , by Belden, ix-xvi.

5. Lattimore, introduction to China Shakes the World , by Belden, xi. For a contrasting view of Snow's relationship to the PRC, see Fang Lizhi, "The Chinese Amnesia," New York Review of Books 37 (September 27, 1990), 30-31.

6. Lattimore, introduction to China Shakes the World , by Belden, xv, x, xvi.

7. Snow to Lattimores, May 20, 1970, LP.

8. Lattimore to Nefs, June 14, 1970, Nef private papers.

9. Lattimore to Peive, June 26, 1970, Lattimore File, CIA; Lattimore to Nefs, July 1, 1970, Nef private papers.

10. Lattimore to Rogers, August 22, 1970, LP.

11. Lattimore to Rogers, August 24, 1970, LP.

12. Lattimore to Rogers, August 26, 1970, LP.

13. Ibid.

12. Lattimore to Rogers, August 26, 1970, LP.

13. Ibid.

14. Lattimore to Rogers, September 14, 1970, LP.

15. Lattimore to Rogers, October 9, 1970, LP.

16. Lattimore to Rogers, October 11, 1970, LP.

17. Lattimore to Nefs, October 13, 1970, Nef private papers.

18. Lattimore to Rogers, October 21, 1970, LP.

19. Lattimore to Rogers, October 25, 1970, LP.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

19. Lattimore to Rogers, October 25, 1970, LP.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

19. Lattimore to Rogers, October 25, 1970, LP.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Lattimore to Piels, January 16, 1971, Piel private papers.

23. Snow to Lattimore, February 15, 1971, LP.

24. Nyman to Lattimore, April 30, 1971, LP.

25. Rogers to Nyman, June 4, 1971, LP.

26. Lattimore to Rogers, June 6, 1971, LP.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

26. Lattimore to Rogers, June 6, 1971, LP.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

26. Lattimore to Rogers, June 6, 1971, LP.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. "U.S. Concept of Confrontation Dangerous," Mainichi Daily News (Tokyo), June 8, 1971.

30. Lattimore to Rogers, June 8, 1971, LP.

31. Lattimore to Rogers, June 12, 1971, LP.

32. Lattimore to Rogers, June 20, 1971, LP.

33. Ibid.

32. Lattimore to Rogers, June 20, 1971, LP.

33. Ibid.

34. Lattimore to Rogers, June 25, 1971, LP.

35. Lattimore to Rogers, July 1, 1971, LP.

36. Lattimore to Rogers, July 8, 1971, LP.

37. Ibid.

36. Lattimore to Rogers, July 8, 1971, LP.

37. Ibid.

38. Lattimore to Rogers, July 12, 1971, LP.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

38. Lattimore to Rogers, July 12, 1971, LP.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

38. Lattimore to Rogers, July 12, 1971, LP.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. Lattimore to Rogers, July 22, 1971, LP.

42. Ibid.

41. Lattimore to Rogers, July 22, 1971, LP.

42. Ibid.

43. Lattimore to Rogers, July 28, 1971, LP.

44. Lattimore to Rogers, July 31, 1971, LP.

45. Ibid.

46. Ibid.

44. Lattimore to Rogers, July 31, 1971, LP.

45. Ibid.

46. Ibid.

44. Lattimore to Rogers, July 31, 1971, LP.

45. Ibid.

46. Ibid.

47. ''Lattimore to Seek China-trip Visa," Baltimore Sun , December 10, 1971.

48. Ibid.

47. ''Lattimore to Seek China-trip Visa," Baltimore Sun , December 10, 1971.

48. Ibid.

49. Piel to author, August 22, 1988.

50. Lattimore to Rogers, February 22, 1972, LP.

51. "Owen Lattimore Asks: 'To Right What Wrong?'" New York Times , March 23, 1972.

52. Memorandum for Acting Chief, Production Group, from [name deleted] China Political and Military Branch, Trip Report, April 11, 1972, Lattimore File, CIA.

53. Budenz, Bolshevik Invasion of the West , incorporates most of the paranoid fantasies of the far Right. We were losing in Vietnam because Wall Street and the business community had joined the pacifists and Communist sympathizers. Television commercials were also doing us in. Germany was our only genuine ally. Jack Stachel and Alexander Bittelman, prominent leaders of the American Communist party, dictated what the United States did. There are eight references to Lattimore, including the "mere agrarian reformers" line and the charge that the Lattimore indictment was "squashed" by the kindly disposition of the courts to communism. The Margaret Budenz comment is from Streets , 434.

54. "Louis Budenz, Communist Who Aided Sen. McCarthy," Washington Evening Star , April 28, 1972.

55. House Joint Economic Committee, Hearings on Economic Developments in Mainland China , 54.

56. Author interview with David Lattimore, October 26, 1987.

57. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, "Owen Lattimore at Peking Dinner," August 30, 1972, Lattimore File, CIA.

58. Lattimore to Rogers, September 4, 1972, LP; Lattimore to Rogers, September 25, 1972, LP.

59. See Stanley Karnow, "U.S. Seen Aiming to Bolster Chou against His Enemies," Washington Post , March 16, 1972.

60. Michael Lattimore to author, August 3, 1988.

61. Ibid.

60. Michael Lattimore to author, August 3, 1988.

61. Ibid.

62. "Lattimore Leaves for North China," Washington Post , September 11, 1972; Lattimore to Rogers, September 12, 1972, LP; Lattimore to Rogers, September 25, 1972, LP.

63. Lattimore to Rogers, October 5, 1972, LP.

64. Ibid. See Lattimore, "Return to China's Northern Frontier," for another account of this trip.

63. Lattimore to Rogers, October 5, 1972, LP.

64. Ibid. See Lattimore, "Return to China's Northern Frontier," for another account of this trip.

65. Michael Lattimore to author, August 3, 1988.

66. Ibid.

65. Michael Lattimore to author, August 3, 1988.

66. Ibid.

67. Lattimore to Rogers, November 1972, LP.

68. Ibid.

69. Ibid.

67. Lattimore to Rogers, November 1972, LP.

68. Ibid.

69. Ibid.

67. Lattimore to Rogers, November 1972, LP.

68. Ibid.

69. Ibid.

70. Lattimore to Rogers, November 27, 1972, LP.