1. Francis White to John Nelson, September 19, 1955, Special Collections, White Papers, Eisenhower Library, Johns Hopkins University.

2. John Nelson to Francis White, September 14, 1955, White Papers.

3. Author interview with David Spring, October 26, 1982.

4. "Lattimore Talk Shifted," New York Times , December 7, 1955.

5. "Lattimore, in Hartford, Says He Has Stock in Company That Denied Him Auditorium," New York Times , December 17, 1955.

6. A text of this speech, including "revisions made as delivered at a dinner sponsored by the Citizens Committee to Preserve Academic Freedoms, Saturday, March 24, 1956, at Hollywood Athletic Club," is in the J. B. Matthews Papers. All quotations are from this text.

7. Author interview with David Lattimore, August 31, 1987.

8. Lattimore to Bernhard, October 26, 1955, LP.

9. Bernhard to Lattimore, April 6, 1956, LP.

10. Lattimore to Bernhard, March 1, 1956, LP.

11. Lattimore to Bernhard, August 29, 1956, LP.

12. Lattimore to Bernhard, December 29, 1956, LP.

13. Lattimore to Bernhard, June 25, 1957, LP. For a full analysis of Lattimore's beliefs about Point Four (development) aid, see Cotton, Asian Frontier Nationalism , 108-10.

14. Lattimore to Barretts, December 26, 1956, LP.

15. Ibid.

14. Lattimore to Barretts, December 26, 1956, LP.

15. Ibid.

16. Milton Eisenhower to Lattimore, January 22, 1957, Eisenhower Papers, Special Collections, Eisenhower Library, Johns Hopkins University.

17. Eleanor Lattimore to Barretts, March 17, 1957, LP.

18. Lattimore, review of To Lhasa and Beyond , by Giusseppe Tucci, Pacific Affairs 31 (December 1958): 418.

19. "McCarthy Target Finally Cleared," Washington Post , May 8, 1960.

20. William D. Rogers to Lattimore, October 22, 1959, LP.

21. Institute of Pacific Relations v. U.S., 5 AFTR 2d 1333.

22. Lattimore to Tikhvinskii, September 15, 1959, Lattimore File, CIA.

23. Lattimore, Nomads and Commissars , xviii. Despite the invitation and a warm reception when Lattimore got there, Mongol officials were still very divided in their opinions about him. According to Harrison Salisbury, who was in Ulan Bator in December 1961, Lattimore's picture "still hung in the State Revolutionary Museum, along with that of Roy Chapman Andrews, as an enemy of the Mongol people"; "Lattimore of the C.I.A.," New York Times , August 27, 1989.

24. "Lattimore to Visit Outer Mongolia," New York Times , March 20, 1961.

25. Lattimore, Nomads and Commissars , xix.

26. Owen Lattimore to David Lattimore (father), July 2, 1961, Lattimore File, CIA.

27. Ibid.

26. Owen Lattimore to David Lattimore (father), July 2, 1961, Lattimore File, CIA.

27. Ibid.

28. Owen Lattimore to David Lattimore (son), July 17, 1961, Lattimore File, CIA.

29. Lattimore to William O. Douglas, Aug. 4, 1961, Douglas Papers, Box 350, Library of Congress.

30. Owen and Eleanor Lattimore, Silks, Spices, and Empire , 1.

31. Douglas, Go East, Young Man , 382.

32. Eleanor Lattimore to Mercedes Douglas, September 1, 1961, Douglas Papers.

33. "Outer Mongolia's Status," New York Times , May 2, 1961; Bachrack, Committee of One Million , 202-3; see Hilsman's account, To Move a Nation , 305-7.

34. "Mongolia Celebration United Old and New," Washington Post , July 12, 1961; "Finds Softening in Red Stand," Washington Star , July 13, 1961.

35. "Sokolsky Scores Double Trickery," Brooklyn Tablet , July 29, 1961.

36. Rowe to Eastland, August 9, 1961, Records of the SISS, Box 140, RG 46, NA; Eastland to Rowe, August 17, 1961, Records of the SISS.

37. "U.S. Cancels Plan for Mongolia Tie," New York Times , August 12, 1961.

38. "Dodd Urges Senate to Investigate Owen Lattimore's Visit to Mongolia," Washington Post , August 23, 1961; "Lattimore Trip Hit," New York Times , August 23, 1961.

39. "Mongolia Tie Urged by Justice Douglas," New York Times , August 30, 1961.

40. Lattimore, Nomads and Commissars , chaps. 6-7. For a critical view of this book, see Cotton, Asian Frontier Nationalism , chap. 7.

41. See Lattimore's tribute to Stefansson, Polar Notes , November 1962, 47-48.

42. "Lattimore to Teach at Leeds U.," New York Times , November 13, 1962.

43. Lattimore to Pankratov, February 18, 1963, Lattimore File, CIA.

44. Graves to Lattimore, February 23, 1963, LP.

45. Author interview with David Spring, October 26, 1982.

46. Author interview with Wickwire, May 6, 1982; Harvey, "Owen Lattimore," 10.

47. Author interview with Heinrichs, August 3, 1978.