1. Johnson to Secretary of State, October 24, 1941, FR 4:429.

2. Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 43-44. For another account of McHush's politics, see Tuchman, Stilwell , 338-40.

3. See the account in Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 46-54.

4.Ibid., 47.

3. See the account in Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 46-54.

4.Ibid., 47.

5.Currie to President Roosevelt, March 15, 1941, FR 4:81-95; and FBI/OL, 1936.

6. Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 50.

7. FBI/OL, 1936; see also Currie to Messersmith, April 1, 1941, Currie Papers. Box 1, Hoover Institution.

8. Currie did not remember who first recommended Lattimore; Lattimore heard the story from Gaus, whom he met at a Washington dinner party in the late 1940s.

9. Currie, Memorandum for the President, April 29, 1941, FDRL.

10. Bowman to Currie, May 2, 1941, FDRL; Yarnell to Currie, May 2, 1941, FDRL.

11. Currie, Memorandum for the President, May 6, 1941, FR 5:644; Roosevelt, Memorandum for the Secretary of State, May 19, 1941, FDRL.

12. Hull, Memorandum for the President, May 21, 1941, FR 5:648.

13. Secretary of State to Ambassador in China, May 29, 1941, FR 5:651; Ambassador in China to Secretary of State, June 2, 1941, FR 5:657; Currie, Memorandum for the President, June 5,1941, FDRL; FBI/OL, 5864.

14. Currie, Memorandum for the President, June 20, 1941, FDRL.

15. New York Times , June 29, 1941; FBI/OL, 4117.

16. FBI/OL, 1201.

17. McHugh to Curry, July 22, 1941, McHugh Papers, Cornell University Libraries.

18. SISS/IPR, 5253.

19. "Washington Seeks Chinese-Red Peace," New York Times , July 22, 1941.

20. McHugh to Currie, July 22, 1941, McHugh Papers.

21. Richard Watts, Jr., "China Stirred by Assignment of Lattimore," Baltimore Sun , August 24, 1941.

22. FBI/OL, 5864.

23. Ibid.

22. FBI/OL, 5864.

23. Ibid.

24. Cable to Lauchlin Currie from Owen Lattimore, August 2, 1941, FR 4:362; Lauchlin Currie to Acting Secretary of State, August 3, 1941, FR 4:361.

25. McHugh to Currie, August 3, 1941, McHugh Papers.

26. For an extensive discussion of the perversion of Tai Li's files during the inquisition, see Newman, "Clandestine."

27. SISS/IPR, 5254.

28. McHugh to Currie, August 25, 1941, McHugh Papers.

29. Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History , 20.

30. Lloyd E. Eastman, "Who Lost China?" 660.

31. Currie, Memorandum for the President, summarized in Roosevelt, Memorandum for the Secretary of State, August 30, 1941, FDRL.

32. Currie to Lattimore, September 18, 1941, LP.

33. Lattimore to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, October 13, 1941, LP.

34. Memorandum of conversation with Lung Yun, October 30, 1941, LP.

35. Lattimore to Currie, November 2, 1941, FR 5:747; "Defenders Ready, Lattimore Says," New York Times , November 4, 1941.

36. Wohl, "American 'Geopolitical Masterhand.'"

37. Omita (Lattimore's code name) to Currie, October 11, 1941, FDRL. The date on the FDRL copy of the cable is probably wrong. Lattimore's correspondence with Madame Chiang shows a November 11 date.

38. Memorandum of conversation with Bishop Paul Yu-pin, October 13, 1941, LP.

39. Memorandum of conversation with Tsang (Chang) Han-fu, November 11, 1941, LP.

40. Memorandum of conversation with Chou En-fu, November 24, 1941, LP.

41. Mayling Soong Chiang to Lattimore, September 12, 1941, LP.

42. Conversation with Gimo (Chiang Kai-shek), November 16, 1941, LP; Omita to Currie, November 14, 1941, FDRL.

43. Lattimore to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, November 13, 1941, LP.

44. Dinner with Generalissimo, November 14, 1941, LP.

45. Conversation with Gimo (Chiang Kai-shek), November 16, 1941, LP.

46. Currie, Memorandum for the President, November 21, 1941, FDRL.

47. Madame Chiang to Currie, November 29, 1941, Currie Papers.

48. This discussion leans heavily on Feis, Road to Pearl Harbor , chaps. 37-42.

49. Final draft of proposed "Modus Vivendi" with Japan, FR 4 (1941): 661-64.

50. Lattimore to Currie, November 25, 1941, FR 4: 652.

51. Winant to Secretary of State, November 26, 1941, FR 4: 665.

52. Secretary of State to Roosevelt, November 26, 1941, FR 4: 665-66.

53. Tansill, Back Door to War , 648-49; Greaves, "Secretary Knox and Pearl Harbor," 1271.

54. Toland, Infamy , 267.

55. McCarthy to Hickenlooper, June 28, 1950, Hickenlooper Papers, Foreign Relations, "Amerasia-McCarthy," Box 2, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library.