1. FBI/OL, 5986.

2. "M'Carthy Accepts Cohn Resignation, Transfers Surine," New York Times , July 21, 1954. "Resignation" is a euphemism; the committee members forced Cohn out.

3. Gibney, "After the Ball."

4. Speech of Alfred Kohlberg at dinner honoring Roy M. Cohn, July 28, 1954, William Knowland Papers, Far East Files Carton 2, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

5. Rover to McCarran, August 24, 1954, Eva Adams Papers.

6. FBI/OL, 6108.

7. Field, From Right to Left , 266.

8. FBI/OL, 6171.

9. FBI/OL, 6172.

10. "Senator McCarran Is Dead in Nevada," New York Times , September 29, 1954.

11. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Grand Jury Impaneled July 2, 1954, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, True Bill, returned October 7, 1954, 3-4.

12. U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 12,609, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Brief of Appellee, filed November 18, 1954, 8.

13. "Owen Lattimore Is Indicted Again in Perjury Case," New York Times , October 8, 1954. All major papers headlined the indictment.

14. FBI/OL, 6177.

15. "U.S. Attorney Asks Judge to Step Out of Lattimore Case," New York Times , October 14, 1954.

16. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal No. 1879-52, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Motion to Strike Affidavit of Bias and Prejudice, October 14, 1954.

17. "Brownell Backs Attack on Judge," New York Times , October 15, 1954.

18. "Lattimore Move Attacked by U.S.," New York Times , October 21, 1954.

19. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal Nos. 1016-54 and 1879-52, Motions, Official Transcript, October 22, 1954, 16; "Lattimore Judge Scored in Hearing," New York Times , October 23, 1954.

20. See case information cited in note 19.

21. Anderson, Confessions of a Muckraker , 194; see also Reeves, Joe McCarthy , chap. 10.

22. FBI/OL, 6200: "Judge Calls Bias Charge Scandalous," Baltimore Sun , October 24, 1954.

23. FBI/OL, 6209; U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 12,609, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Brief of Appellee, November 18, 1954, 7.

24. "British Interest in Case High," New York Times , October 29, 1954.

25. "O'Mahoney Holds Lead in Wyoming," New York Times , October 24, 1954.

26. "Inquiry Asked on Judge Attack," New York Times , October 30, 1954; "Lattimore Trial Inquiry Set," New York Times , November 21, 1954; FBI/OL, 6270.

27. "Rayburn Cites Inquiry Fields," New York Times , November 5, 1954.

28. White, "G.O.P. Future Involved in the M'Carthy Case," New York Times , November 7, 1954.

29. "Dulles Dismisses Davies as a Risk; Loyalty Not Issue," New York Times ,

November 6, 1954; see also John W. Finney, "The Long Trial of John Paton Davies," New York Times Magazine , August 31, 1969. Author interview with Davies, April 26, 1981.

30. FBI/OL, 6256, 6251. Hummer is probably wrong; Solicitor General Simon Sobeloff probably made this decision. See "Youngdahl Fight Is Dropped by U.S.," New York Times , November 18, 1954.

31. "Youngdahl Bids U.S. Admit Error," New York Times , November 19, 1954; "Lattimore Counsel Ask Youngdahl Test," New York Times , November 20, 1954.

32. FBI/OL, 6284.

33. FBI/OL, 6278.

34. "Final Vote Condemns M'Carthy," New York Times , December 3, 1954.

35. "Lattimore Urges Quashing of Case," New York Times , December 14, 1954.

36. FBI/OL, 6365, 6379.

37. Straight, After Long Silence , 281.

38. Ibid., 282.

37. Straight, After Long Silence , 281.

38. Ibid., 282.

39. Stein, "Communication," 22.

40. Harrington, "The Committee for Cultural Freedom," 119-20; see also McAuliffe, Crisis on the Left , 126-27; FBI/OL, 6406; "U.S. Files Evidence in Lattimore Case," New York Times , January 8, 1955; FBI/OL, 6457.

41. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal No. 1016-54, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Memorandum Opinion, filed January 18, 1955; see also "Judge Youngdahl Drops Second Charge in Lattimore Case," New York Times , January 19, 1954.

42. "New Lattimore Count Dismissed, Called Too Obscure," Baltimore Evening Sun , January 18, 1955.

43. FBI/OL, 6462.

44. FBI/OL, 6475; informant downgradings appear in serials 6595, 6598, 6603, 6611, 6616, 6620, 6621, 6631, 6632, 6635, 6642, 6643, 6644, 6648, 6649. One informant downgrading report has no serial number.

45. "U.S. Plans Appeal in Lattimore Case," New York Times , February 5, 1955; FBI/OL, 6506, 6509.

46. "Lattimore Talks Slated in Europe," Baltimore Sun , April 23, 1955.

47. FBI/OL, 6556, 6567, 6571.

48. FBI/OL, 6580, 6592.

49. Telephone call from Governor Adams, May 17, 1955, Eisenhower Telephone Calls Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.

50. Memorandum of Telephone Conversation with the Attorney General, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles General Correspondence and Memoranda Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.

51. Memorandum of Telephone Conversation with Mr. Sherman Adams, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles General Correspondence and Memoranda Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.

52. Telephone Call to the President, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles Telephone Calls Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.

53. "Passport Ban Hit by Einstein Aide," New York Times , May 21, 1955.

54. Tompkins to Hoover, March 28, 1955, Lattimore File, Department of Justice; FBI/OL, 6565; FBI/OL, 6646.

55. "Lattimore Case Again Appealed," New York Times , April 12, 1955; FBI/OL, 6589.

56. "Complex Points in Lattimore Case Argued before Full Appeals Bench,"

Washington Post , June 2,1955; William D. Rogers to John P. Frank, June 9, 1955, Lattimore Files, Arnold and Porter.

57. FBI/OL, 6654.

58. FBI/OL, 6654, 6704.

59. FBI/OL, 6662.

60. FBI/OL, 6692.

61. "Court of Appeals Upholds Dismissal of Two Key Lattimore Perjury Charges," Washington Post , June 15, 1955; "Lattimore Wins New Court Test," New York Times , June 15, 1955.

62. Author interview with Rogers, September 18, 1987.

63. "Writer's Conviction Set Aside Because Red Query Was 'Vague,'" New York Times , December 21, 1956.

64. FBI/OL, 6671.

65. "Lattimore Perjury Case Dropped by Government," New York Times , June 29, 1955.

66. FBI/OL, 6673.

67. Author interview with Youngdahl, December 3, 1977.

68. FBI/OL, 6689.

69. Sullivan, Bureau , 45-46.

70. Author interview with Cohn, December 28, 1979.

71. Olney Oral History, 360-61.

72. Gilbert, "Judge Youngdahl Wins," 6.

73. Lattimore to O'Mahoney, July 13, 1955, O'Mahoney Papers, Box 184, Coe Library, University of Wyoming.