1. Evelyn Stefansson Nef, introduction to Owen and Eleanor Lattimore, Silks, Spices, and Empire, x . [BACK]

2. O'Mahoney MS, 36-37. [BACK]

3. Van Kleeck, "The Moscow Trials," Pacific Affairs 11 (June 1938): 233-37. Pacific Affairs coverage of the purge trials, and IPR attitudes toward them, are discussed in SISS/IPR, 5149-68. [BACK]

4. Chamberlain, "The Moscow Trials," Pacific Affairs 11 (September 1938): 367-70. [BACK]

5. Pacific Affairs 11 (September 1938): 370-72. [BACK]

6. The full story of Stalin's China operatives did not come out until 1971 with the publication of Vera Vishnyakova-Akimova's Two Years in Revolutionary China, 1925-1927 . The chief agent of this enterprise was the legendary Borodin, but there were dozens of others, all of whom fled China in 1927 when Chiang Kai-shek turned on the Communists. Stalin "lost" China in 1927. Vishnyakova-Akimova's tale is mainly a necrology. She identifies 148 Russians who took part in Stalin's great effort to capture the Chinese revolution. By the time she wrote, 43 of them were known dead or in prison camps, another thirty probably dead. See Salisbury, "Amerasia Papers," for a good comparison between Stalin's and America's efforts to influence China. [BACK]

7. The writer who castigated Lattimore most fiercely was Sidney Hook, in "Lattimore on the Moscow Trials." For more recent and contrasting views, see Conquest, Great Terror , and Getty, Origins of the Great Purges . [BACK]

8. Lattimore, "Can the Soviet Union Be Isolated?" Pacific Affairs 11 (December 1938): 492-93. [BACK]

9. SISS/IPR, 3226. [BACK]

10. Churchill, Second World War , 393-94. [BACK]

12. Problems of the Pacific, 1939 (New York: IPR and Oxford University Press, 1940), v.

13. Ibid., 24-25. [BACK]

12. Problems of the Pacific, 1939 (New York: IPR and Oxford University Press, 1940), v.

13. Ibid., 24-25. [BACK]