1. Johnson to Secretary of State, October 24, 1941, FR 4:429. [BACK]

2. Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 43-44. For another account of McHush's politics, see Tuchman, Stilwell , 338-40. [BACK]

3. See the account in Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 46-54.

4.Ibid., 47. [BACK]

3. See the account in Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 46-54.

4.Ibid., 47. [BACK]

6. Schaller, U.S. Crusade , 50. [BACK]

7. FBI/OL, 1936; see also Currie to Messersmith, April 1, 1941, Currie Papers. Box 1, Hoover Institution. [BACK]

8. Currie did not remember who first recommended Lattimore; Lattimore heard the story from Gaus, whom he met at a Washington dinner party in the late 1940s. [BACK]

9. Currie, Memorandum for the President, April 29, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

10. Bowman to Currie, May 2, 1941, FDRL; Yarnell to Currie, May 2, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

11. Currie, Memorandum for the President, May 6, 1941, FR 5:644; Roosevelt, Memorandum for the Secretary of State, May 19, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

12. Hull, Memorandum for the President, May 21, 1941, FR 5:648. [BACK]

13. Secretary of State to Ambassador in China, May 29, 1941, FR 5:651; Ambassador in China to Secretary of State, June 2, 1941, FR 5:657; Currie, Memorandum for the President, June 5,1941, FDRL; FBI/OL, 5864. [BACK]

14. Currie, Memorandum for the President, June 20, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

15. New York Times , June 29, 1941; FBI/OL, 4117. [BACK]

16. FBI/OL, 1201. [BACK]

17. McHugh to Curry, July 22, 1941, McHugh Papers, Cornell University Libraries. [BACK]

18. SISS/IPR, 5253. [BACK]

19. "Washington Seeks Chinese-Red Peace," New York Times , July 22, 1941. [BACK]

20. McHugh to Currie, July 22, 1941, McHugh Papers. [BACK]

21. Richard Watts, Jr., "China Stirred by Assignment of Lattimore," Baltimore Sun , August 24, 1941. [BACK]

22. FBI/OL, 5864.

23. Ibid. [BACK]

22. FBI/OL, 5864.

23. Ibid. [BACK]

24. Cable to Lauchlin Currie from Owen Lattimore, August 2, 1941, FR 4:362; Lauchlin Currie to Acting Secretary of State, August 3, 1941, FR 4:361. [BACK]

25. McHugh to Currie, August 3, 1941, McHugh Papers. [BACK]

26. For an extensive discussion of the perversion of Tai Li's files during the inquisition, see Newman, "Clandestine." [BACK]

27. SISS/IPR, 5254. [BACK]

28. McHugh to Currie, August 25, 1941, McHugh Papers. [BACK]

29. Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History , 20. [BACK]

30. Lloyd E. Eastman, "Who Lost China?" 660. [BACK]

31. Currie, Memorandum for the President, summarized in Roosevelt, Memorandum for the Secretary of State, August 30, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

32. Currie to Lattimore, September 18, 1941, LP. [BACK]

33. Lattimore to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, October 13, 1941, LP. [BACK]

34. Memorandum of conversation with Lung Yun, October 30, 1941, LP. [BACK]

35. Lattimore to Currie, November 2, 1941, FR 5:747; "Defenders Ready, Lattimore Says," New York Times , November 4, 1941. [BACK]

36. Wohl, "American 'Geopolitical Masterhand.'" [BACK]

37. Omita (Lattimore's code name) to Currie, October 11, 1941, FDRL. The date on the FDRL copy of the cable is probably wrong. Lattimore's correspondence with Madame Chiang shows a November 11 date. [BACK]

38. Memorandum of conversation with Bishop Paul Yu-pin, October 13, 1941, LP. [BACK]

39. Memorandum of conversation with Tsang (Chang) Han-fu, November 11, 1941, LP. [BACK]

40. Memorandum of conversation with Chou En-fu, November 24, 1941, LP. [BACK]

41. Mayling Soong Chiang to Lattimore, September 12, 1941, LP. [BACK]

42. Conversation with Gimo (Chiang Kai-shek), November 16, 1941, LP; Omita to Currie, November 14, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

43. Lattimore to Madame Chiang Kai-shek, November 13, 1941, LP. [BACK]

44. Dinner with Generalissimo, November 14, 1941, LP. [BACK]

45. Conversation with Gimo (Chiang Kai-shek), November 16, 1941, LP. [BACK]

46. Currie, Memorandum for the President, November 21, 1941, FDRL. [BACK]

47. Madame Chiang to Currie, November 29, 1941, Currie Papers. [BACK]

48. This discussion leans heavily on Feis, Road to Pearl Harbor , chaps. 37-42. [BACK]

49. Final draft of proposed "Modus Vivendi" with Japan, FR 4 (1941): 661-64. [BACK]

50. Lattimore to Currie, November 25, 1941, FR 4: 652. [BACK]

51. Winant to Secretary of State, November 26, 1941, FR 4: 665. [BACK]

52. Secretary of State to Roosevelt, November 26, 1941, FR 4: 665-66. [BACK]

53. Tansill, Back Door to War , 648-49; Greaves, "Secretary Knox and Pearl Harbor," 1271. [BACK]

54. Toland, Infamy , 267. [BACK]

55. McCarthy to Hickenlooper, June 28, 1950, Hickenlooper Papers, Foreign Relations, "Amerasia-McCarthy," Box 2, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library. [BACK]