1. FBI/OL, 5986. [BACK]

2. "M'Carthy Accepts Cohn Resignation, Transfers Surine," New York Times , July 21, 1954. "Resignation" is a euphemism; the committee members forced Cohn out. [BACK]

3. Gibney, "After the Ball." [BACK]

4. Speech of Alfred Kohlberg at dinner honoring Roy M. Cohn, July 28, 1954, William Knowland Papers, Far East Files Carton 2, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

5. Rover to McCarran, August 24, 1954, Eva Adams Papers. [BACK]

6. FBI/OL, 6108. [BACK]

7. Field, From Right to Left , 266. [BACK]

8. FBI/OL, 6171. [BACK]

9. FBI/OL, 6172. [BACK]

10. "Senator McCarran Is Dead in Nevada," New York Times , September 29, 1954. [BACK]

11. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Grand Jury Impaneled July 2, 1954, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, True Bill, returned October 7, 1954, 3-4. [BACK]

12. U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 12,609, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Brief of Appellee, filed November 18, 1954, 8. [BACK]

13. "Owen Lattimore Is Indicted Again in Perjury Case," New York Times , October 8, 1954. All major papers headlined the indictment. [BACK]

14. FBI/OL, 6177. [BACK]

15. "U.S. Attorney Asks Judge to Step Out of Lattimore Case," New York Times , October 14, 1954. [BACK]

16. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal No. 1879-52, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Motion to Strike Affidavit of Bias and Prejudice, October 14, 1954. [BACK]

17. "Brownell Backs Attack on Judge," New York Times , October 15, 1954. [BACK]

18. "Lattimore Move Attacked by U.S.," New York Times , October 21, 1954. [BACK]

19. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal Nos. 1016-54 and 1879-52, Motions, Official Transcript, October 22, 1954, 16; "Lattimore Judge Scored in Hearing," New York Times , October 23, 1954. [BACK]

20. See case information cited in note 19. [BACK]

22. FBI/OL, 6200: "Judge Calls Bias Charge Scandalous," Baltimore Sun , October 24, 1954. [BACK]

23. FBI/OL, 6209; U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, No. 12,609, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Brief of Appellee, November 18, 1954, 7. [BACK]

24. "British Interest in Case High," New York Times , October 29, 1954. [BACK]

25. "O'Mahoney Holds Lead in Wyoming," New York Times , October 24, 1954. [BACK]

26. "Inquiry Asked on Judge Attack," New York Times , October 30, 1954; "Lattimore Trial Inquiry Set," New York Times , November 21, 1954; FBI/OL, 6270. [BACK]

27. "Rayburn Cites Inquiry Fields," New York Times , November 5, 1954. [BACK]

28. White, "G.O.P. Future Involved in the M'Carthy Case," New York Times , November 7, 1954. [BACK]

29. "Dulles Dismisses Davies as a Risk; Loyalty Not Issue," New York Times ,

November 6, 1954; see also John W. Finney, "The Long Trial of John Paton Davies," New York Times Magazine , August 31, 1969. Author interview with Davies, April 26, 1981. [BACK]

30. FBI/OL, 6256, 6251. Hummer is probably wrong; Solicitor General Simon Sobeloff probably made this decision. See "Youngdahl Fight Is Dropped by U.S.," New York Times , November 18, 1954. [BACK]

31. "Youngdahl Bids U.S. Admit Error," New York Times , November 19, 1954; "Lattimore Counsel Ask Youngdahl Test," New York Times , November 20, 1954. [BACK]

32. FBI/OL, 6284. [BACK]

33. FBI/OL, 6278. [BACK]

34. "Final Vote Condemns M'Carthy," New York Times , December 3, 1954. [BACK]

35. "Lattimore Urges Quashing of Case," New York Times , December 14, 1954. [BACK]

36. FBI/OL, 6365, 6379. [BACK]

37. Straight, After Long Silence , 281.

38. Ibid., 282. [BACK]

37. Straight, After Long Silence , 281.

38. Ibid., 282. [BACK]

39. Stein, "Communication," 22. [BACK]

40. Harrington, "The Committee for Cultural Freedom," 119-20; see also McAuliffe, Crisis on the Left , 126-27; FBI/OL, 6406; "U.S. Files Evidence in Lattimore Case," New York Times , January 8, 1955; FBI/OL, 6457. [BACK]

41. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Criminal No. 1016-54, U.S. v. Owen Lattimore, Memorandum Opinion, filed January 18, 1955; see also "Judge Youngdahl Drops Second Charge in Lattimore Case," New York Times , January 19, 1954. [BACK]

42. "New Lattimore Count Dismissed, Called Too Obscure," Baltimore Evening Sun , January 18, 1955. [BACK]

43. FBI/OL, 6462. [BACK]

44. FBI/OL, 6475; informant downgradings appear in serials 6595, 6598, 6603, 6611, 6616, 6620, 6621, 6631, 6632, 6635, 6642, 6643, 6644, 6648, 6649. One informant downgrading report has no serial number. [BACK]

45. "U.S. Plans Appeal in Lattimore Case," New York Times , February 5, 1955; FBI/OL, 6506, 6509. [BACK]

46. "Lattimore Talks Slated in Europe," Baltimore Sun , April 23, 1955. [BACK]

47. FBI/OL, 6556, 6567, 6571. [BACK]

48. FBI/OL, 6580, 6592. [BACK]

49. Telephone call from Governor Adams, May 17, 1955, Eisenhower Telephone Calls Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. [BACK]

50. Memorandum of Telephone Conversation with the Attorney General, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles General Correspondence and Memoranda Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. [BACK]

51. Memorandum of Telephone Conversation with Mr. Sherman Adams, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles General Correspondence and Memoranda Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. [BACK]

52. Telephone Call to the President, May 18, 1955, John Foster Dulles Telephone Calls Series, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. [BACK]

53. "Passport Ban Hit by Einstein Aide," New York Times , May 21, 1955. [BACK]

54. Tompkins to Hoover, March 28, 1955, Lattimore File, Department of Justice; FBI/OL, 6565; FBI/OL, 6646. [BACK]

55. "Lattimore Case Again Appealed," New York Times , April 12, 1955; FBI/OL, 6589. [BACK]

56. "Complex Points in Lattimore Case Argued before Full Appeals Bench,"

Washington Post , June 2,1955; William D. Rogers to John P. Frank, June 9, 1955, Lattimore Files, Arnold and Porter. [BACK]

57. FBI/OL, 6654. [BACK]

58. FBI/OL, 6654, 6704. [BACK]

59. FBI/OL, 6662. [BACK]

60. FBI/OL, 6692. [BACK]

61. "Court of Appeals Upholds Dismissal of Two Key Lattimore Perjury Charges," Washington Post , June 15, 1955; "Lattimore Wins New Court Test," New York Times , June 15, 1955. [BACK]

62. Author interview with Rogers, September 18, 1987. [BACK]

63. "Writer's Conviction Set Aside Because Red Query Was 'Vague,'" New York Times , December 21, 1956. [BACK]

64. FBI/OL, 6671. [BACK]

65. "Lattimore Perjury Case Dropped by Government," New York Times , June 29, 1955. [BACK]

66. FBI/OL, 6673. [BACK]

67. Author interview with Youngdahl, December 3, 1977. [BACK]

68. FBI/OL, 6689. [BACK]

69. Sullivan, Bureau , 45-46. [BACK]

70. Author interview with Cohn, December 28, 1979. [BACK]

71. Olney Oral History, 360-61. [BACK]

72. Gilbert, "Judge Youngdahl Wins," 6. [BACK]

73. Lattimore to O'Mahoney, July 13, 1955, O'Mahoney Papers, Box 184, Coe Library, University of Wyoming. [BACK]