10— Merleau-Ponty: The Ambiguity of History
1. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Structure of Behavior , trans. Fisher (Boston, 1963), p. 3.
2. Ibid., p. 224. break [BACK]
1. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Structure of Behavior , trans. Fisher (Boston, 1963), p. 3.
2. Ibid., p. 224. break [BACK]
3. Merlcau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception , trans. Smith (London, 1962), p. 31. [BACK]
4. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. S09n.
5. Ibid., p. 296. Cf. idem, Sense and Non-Sense , trans. Dreyfus (Evanston, 1964), p. 52:"We must rediscover a commerce with the world and a presence to the world which is older than intelligence." [BACK]
4. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. S09n.
5. Ibid., p. 296. Cf. idem, Sense and Non-Sense , trans. Dreyfus (Evanston, 1964), p. 52:"We must rediscover a commerce with the world and a presence to the world which is older than intelligence." [BACK]
6. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 322. Cf. p. 455:"The synthesis of in itself and for itself which brings Hegelian freedom has, however, its truth. In a sense, it is the very definition of existence, since it is effected at every moment before our eyes in the phenomenon of presence, only to be quickly re-enacted, since it does not conjure away our finitude."
7. Ibid., pp. 254, 333.
8. Ibid., p. 351. Cf. ide,. The Primacy of Perception, ed . Edie (Evanston, 1964), pp. 116-117:"My consciousness is turned primarily toward the world, turned toward things; it is above all a relation to the world. The other's consciousness as well is chiefly a certain way of comporting himself toward the world. Thus it is in his conduct, in the manner in which the other deals with the world, that I will be able to discover his consciousness." [BACK]
6. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 322. Cf. p. 455:"The synthesis of in itself and for itself which brings Hegelian freedom has, however, its truth. In a sense, it is the very definition of existence, since it is effected at every moment before our eyes in the phenomenon of presence, only to be quickly re-enacted, since it does not conjure away our finitude."
7. Ibid., pp. 254, 333.
8. Ibid., p. 351. Cf. ide,. The Primacy of Perception, ed . Edie (Evanston, 1964), pp. 116-117:"My consciousness is turned primarily toward the world, turned toward things; it is above all a relation to the world. The other's consciousness as well is chiefly a certain way of comporting himself toward the world. Thus it is in his conduct, in the manner in which the other deals with the world, that I will be able to discover his consciousness." [BACK]
6. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 322. Cf. p. 455:"The synthesis of in itself and for itself which brings Hegelian freedom has, however, its truth. In a sense, it is the very definition of existence, since it is effected at every moment before our eyes in the phenomenon of presence, only to be quickly re-enacted, since it does not conjure away our finitude."
7. Ibid., pp. 254, 333.
8. Ibid., p. 351. Cf. ide,. The Primacy of Perception, ed . Edie (Evanston, 1964), pp. 116-117:"My consciousness is turned primarily toward the world, turned toward things; it is above all a relation to the world. The other's consciousness as well is chiefly a certain way of comporting himself toward the world. Thus it is in his conduct, in the manner in which the other deals with the world, that I will be able to discover his consciousness." [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
9. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 408.
11. Ibid., p. 361.
12. Ibid., p. 362.
13. Ibid., p. 395.
14. Ibid., p. 437.
15. Ibid., p. 442.
16. Ibid., p. 453. [BACK]
17. See Merleau-Ponty, Resumes de cours (Paris, 1968), p. 46:"There is history if there is a logic m contingency, a reason m unreason, if there is a historic perception that, like the other, leaves in the background what does not come to the foreground grasps the lines of force at their inception, and through achieving them actively, traces them. This comparison should not be understood as an organicism or timid finalism, but rather as a reference to the fact that all symbolic systems—perception, language and historyonly become what they are when they need to become what they are, in order to be taken up in the human endeavor." [BACK]
18. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. xix. [BACK]
22. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 363. [BACK]
23. Merleau-Ponty, In Praise of Philosophy , trans. Wild and Edie continue
(Evanston, 1963), pp. 55-56; and idem, Resumes de cours , p. 61. [BACK]
24. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 88; AD, pp. 64-65. [BACK]
25. Merleau-Ponty, In Praise , p. 55. [BACK]
26. Merleau-Ponty, Primacy , p. 9. [BACK]
27. Merleau-Ponty, Sense , p. 130. [BACK]
28. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 50. [BACK]
29. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 17-18; AD, p. 11. [BACK]
30. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 172n.
31. Ibid., p. 443.
32. Ibid., p. 446.
33. Ibid., p. 447 (emphasis added).
34. Ibid., p. 363. [BACK]
30. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 172n.
31. Ibid., p. 443.
32. Ibid., p. 446.
33. Ibid., p. 447 (emphasis added).
34. Ibid., p. 363. [BACK]
30. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 172n.
31. Ibid., p. 443.
32. Ibid., p. 446.
33. Ibid., p. 447 (emphasis added).
34. Ibid., p. 363. [BACK]
30. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 172n.
31. Ibid., p. 443.
32. Ibid., p. 446.
33. Ibid., p. 447 (emphasis added).
34. Ibid., p. 363. [BACK]
30. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology , p. 172n.
31. Ibid., p. 443.
32. Ibid., p. 446.
33. Ibid., p. 447 (emphasis added).
34. Ibid., p. 363. [BACK]
35. Merleau-Ponty, Humanism and Terror , trans. O'Neill (Boston, 1969), p. 98.
36. Ibid., p. xxxiii.
37. Ibid., p. xv.
38. Ibid., pp. 22, 29.
39. See ibid., pp. xxxiv, 185. [BACK]
35. Merleau-Ponty, Humanism and Terror , trans. O'Neill (Boston, 1969), p. 98.
36. Ibid., p. xxxiii.
37. Ibid., p. xv.
38. Ibid., pp. 22, 29.
39. See ibid., pp. xxxiv, 185. [BACK]
35. Merleau-Ponty, Humanism and Terror , trans. O'Neill (Boston, 1969), p. 98.
36. Ibid., p. xxxiii.
37. Ibid., p. xv.
38. Ibid., pp. 22, 29.
39. See ibid., pp. xxxiv, 185. [BACK]
35. Merleau-Ponty, Humanism and Terror , trans. O'Neill (Boston, 1969), p. 98.
36. Ibid., p. xxxiii.
37. Ibid., p. xv.
38. Ibid., pp. 22, 29.
39. See ibid., pp. xxxiv, 185. [BACK]
35. Merleau-Ponty, Humanism and Terror , trans. O'Neill (Boston, 1969), p. 98.
36. Ibid., p. xxxiii.
37. Ibid., p. xv.
38. Ibid., pp. 22, 29.
39. See ibid., pp. xxxiv, 185. [BACK]
40. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 115; AD, p. 84.
41. Ibid., pp. 121-122; AD, p. 89.
42. Ibid., p. 279; AD, p. 207.
43. Ibid., p. 34; AD, p. 23. Sec also Sartre, Situations , p. 57, on Merleau-Ponty's nostalgia for the Golden Age of childhood, and his persistent quest for this "absolute." [BACK]
40. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 115; AD, p. 84.
41. Ibid., pp. 121-122; AD, p. 89.
42. Ibid., p. 279; AD, p. 207.
43. Ibid., p. 34; AD, p. 23. Sec also Sartre, Situations , p. 57, on Merleau-Ponty's nostalgia for the Golden Age of childhood, and his persistent quest for this "absolute." [BACK]
40. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 115; AD, p. 84.
41. Ibid., pp. 121-122; AD, p. 89.
42. Ibid., p. 279; AD, p. 207.
43. Ibid., p. 34; AD, p. 23. Sec also Sartre, Situations , p. 57, on Merleau-Ponty's nostalgia for the Golden Age of childhood, and his persistent quest for this "absolute." [BACK]
40. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 115; AD, p. 84.
41. Ibid., pp. 121-122; AD, p. 89.
42. Ibid., p. 279; AD, p. 207.
43. Ibid., p. 34; AD, p. 23. Sec also Sartre, Situations , p. 57, on Merleau-Ponty's nostalgia for the Golden Age of childhood, and his persistent quest for this "absolute." [BACK]
44. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 55, 73-74; AD, pp. 39, 5S.
45. See ibid., p. 41; AD, p. 28:"If history does not have a direction like a river, but only a meaning, not a truth but only errors to be avoided, if practice is not deduced from a dogmatic philosophy of history, it is not superficial to base a politics on the analysis of the political man." Cf. the essay on Machiavelli in Signs , trans. McCleary (Evanston, 1964), pp. 211-223. [BACK]
44. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 55, 73-74; AD, pp. 39, 5S.
45. See ibid., p. 41; AD, p. 28:"If history does not have a direction like a river, but only a meaning, not a truth but only errors to be avoided, if practice is not deduced from a dogmatic philosophy of history, it is not superficial to base a politics on the analysis of the political man." Cf. the essay on Machiavelli in Signs , trans. McCleary (Evanston, 1964), pp. 211-223. [BACK]
46. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 276-277; AD, pp. 205-206. [BACK]
47. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , p. 275; Les Aventures , p. 8; AD, p. 4. [BACK]
48. Merleau-Ponty, Sense , p. 106. [BACK]
49. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 89, 114. 1S1-132; AD, pp. 65, 84, 95-96. This line of argument anticipates Albrecht Wellmer's use of Jurgen Habennas; see Wellmer, Critical Theory of Society , trans. Cumming (New York, 1971). [BACK]
50. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 116-117; AD, pp. 85-86.
51. Ibid., p. 124; AD, p. 91. [BACK]
50. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , pp. 116-117; AD, pp. 85-86.
51. Ibid., p. 124; AD, p. 91. [BACK]
52. Merleau-Ponty, Sense , pp. 121-122. [BACK]
53. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 47; AD, p. 33. break [BACK]
54. Cf. Goldmann, The Hidden God , trans. Thody (London, 1964), pp. 298-302. [BACK]
55. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures de la dialectique , p. 86; AD, p. 63. [BACK]
56. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , pp. 9, 13. In his last lecture course, MerleauPonty, implicitly opposing Sartre's claims for Marxism as "the unsurpassable framework of knowledge" for our time, pointedly remarked, that "one could even say Hegel maintains more of a sense of negativity and tension." See "Philosophy and Non-Philosophy Since Hegel," trans. Silverman, Telos . 29 (Fall, 1976), 46, 105. [BACK]
57. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , p. 329.
58. Ibid., p. 217.
59. Ibid., pp. 130-131.
60. Ibid., p. 35. [BACK]
57. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , p. 329.
58. Ibid., p. 217.
59. Ibid., pp. 130-131.
60. Ibid., p. 35. [BACK]
57. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , p. 329.
58. Ibid., p. 217.
59. Ibid., pp. 130-131.
60. Ibid., p. 35. [BACK]
57. Merleau-Ponty, Signs , p. 329.
58. Ibid., p. 217.
59. Ibid., pp. 130-131.
60. Ibid., p. 35. [BACK]
61. Merleau-Ponty, Sense , p. 134. [BACK]
62. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 53; AD, p. 38.
63. Ibid., p. 72; AD, p. 52. [BACK]
62. Merleau-Ponty, Les Aventures , p. 53; AD, p. 38.
63. Ibid., p. 72; AD, p. 52. [BACK]