| The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa |
| Preface |
| Notes on Contributors |
 | Introduction: Ethnicity in Southern African History |
| 1— The Beginnings of Afrikaner Ethnic Consciousness, 1850–1915 |
| 2— Afrikaner Women and the Creation of Ethnicity in a Small South African Town, 1902–1950 |
| 3— Exclusion, Classification and Internal Colonialism: The Emergence of Ethnicity Among the Tsonga-Speakers of South Africa |
| 4— Missionaries, Migrants and the Manyika: The Invention of Ethnicity in Zimbabwe |
 | 5— Tribalism in the Political History of Malawi |
| • | Introduction |
| • | An Ethnographic Mélange in the North |
| • | The Seeds of Tumbuka Ethnic Identity |
| • | Ethnic Ideology and the Livingstonia Mission |
| • | Chiefly Powers and Social Control |
| • | Ngoni Ethnic Consciousness |
| • | Language Policy and the Creation of Northern Regionalism |
| • | Chiefs, Planters, and Immigrants in the South |
| • | Tribalism from Above: the Strengthening of the Yao Chiefs |
| • | Dissatisfactions in the Central Province |
| • | The Focusing of African Discontent |
| • | Malawian Politics and the Rise of Chewa Ethnicity |
| 6— History, Ethnicity and Change in the 'Christian Kingdom' of Southeastern Zaire |
| 7— Patriotism, Patriarchy and Purity: Natal and the Politics of Zulu Ethnic Consciousness |
| 8— Coloured Identity and Coloured Politics in the Western Cape Region of South Africa |
| 9— 'We are all Portuguese!' Challenging the Political Economy of Assimilation: Lourenco Marques, 1870–1933 |
| 10— A Nation Divided? The Swazi in Swaziland and the Transvaal, 1865–1986 |
| 11— The Formation of the Political Culture of Ethnicity in the Belgian Congo, 1920–1959 |
| 12— The 'Wild' and 'Lazy' Lamba: Ethnic Stereotypes on the Central African Copperbelt |
| 13— From Ethnic Identity to Tribalism: The Upper Zambezi Region of Zambia, 1830–1981 |
| 14— Ethnicity and Pseudo-Ethnicity in the Ciskei |
| Notes |
| Index |