1. Press conference transcript, Speaker Robert Moretti, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 25, 1973, p. 9, Robert Moretti Papers, file "Press Conferences," box 5, California State Archives, Sacramento.

2. Ibid., p. 17.

3. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, pp. 115-116, California State Archives, Sacramento.

4. Lou Cannon, Reagan , p. 189.

5. Memo from John FitzRandolph to Chuck Manatt, Feb. 7, 1973, Robert Moretti Papers, box 6, file "1969-70," LP 162:136, California State Archives, Sacramento.

6. Doug Dempster, "Moretti Predicts Demos Will Gain in Assembly," The Sacramento Bee , June 8, 1972.

7. Mary Ellen Leary, Phantom Politics: Campaigning in California , p. 26.

8. Harry Johanesen, "Willie Brown Backs Moretti," San Francisco Examiner , Feb. 3, 1973.

9. Dennis J. Opatrny, "Willie Brown's Choice: 'Moretti for Governor,'" San Francisco Examiner , Feb. 13, 1972.

10. Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , p. 100; John Jacobs, A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phillip Burton , p. 291.

11. Jack Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps," San Francisco Examiner , Sep. 9, 1973.

12. Leo McCarthy, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 2, 1993.

13. Leo McCarthy biographical details from California Legislature at Sacramento , 1974 and 1975 editions; Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps"; Jerry Burns, "The Fall and Rise of San Francisco," California Journal , Nov. 1973, p. 365; Leah Cartabruno, "The Essence of Speaker McCarthy: Team Player, Family Man, Tap Dancer," California Journal , June 1976, p. 178; Leo McCarthy, interview.

14. Leo McCarthy, interview.

15. Cartabruno, "The Essence of Speaker McCarthy."

16. The author of this book followed McCarthy's unsuccessful 1988 U.S. Senate campaign, traveling extensively with McCarthy and a small band of reporters. When McCarthy learned that the author had just proposed marriage to his future wife during a swing through Sacramento, McCarthy was ecstatic in his congratulations.

17. Louis J. Papan, oral history interview, p. 22, California State Archives, Sacramento.

18. Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps."

19. Art Agnos, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 18, 1994; Dennis J. Opatrny, "McCarthy, Brown Eye Speakership," San Francisco Examiner , Nov. 12, 1972.

20. "It Was Said," California Journal , Jan. 1974, p. 9, quoting from a Sacramento Union profile of Brown.

21. Dennis J. Opatrny, "How the State Legislature's Political Swap Game Works," San Francisco Examiner , Aug. 12, 1973; and "Candlestick Area Park Is OKd," San Francisco Chronicle , Oct. 5, 1973.

22. Patricia Beach Smith, "No Spittoons: Capitol Lacks Final Touches," The Sacramento Bee , Jan. 16, 1986.

23. "Assembly OK on Bill for New Capitol," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 7, 1973; "State Senate Vote on New Chambers," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 14, 1973; "New Capitol: 'A Tabernacle to Ourselves?'" California Journal , Jan. 1974, p. 7.

24. Smith, "No Spittoons."

25. Opatrny, "How the State Legislature's Political Swap Game Works."

26. Jeff Raimundo, "Senate Rules Unit Asks Capitol Renewal Audit," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 27, 1977.

27. Robert Connelly, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 27, 1993.

28. Ibid.

29. Art Agnos, interview.

30. "Willie Brown Urges NAACP to Focus on State Budget," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 21, 1974.

31. Leary, Phantom Politics , pp. 6 and 114.

32. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1975 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1975), p. 428; the votes in the Democratic gubernatorial primary for major candidates were Jerry Brown 1,085,752; Joseph Alioto 544,007; Robert Moretti 478,469; William Matson Roth 293,686; Jerome Waldie 227,489.

33. James Richardson, "Brown's Commitment to Reform Questioned," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 12, 1992.

34. "Willie Brown Is against Prop. 9," The Sacramento Bee , May 9, 1974.

35. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; Richard Rodda, "McCarthy Gets Boost by Z'berg," The Sacramento Bee , June 13, 1974.

36. John Burton, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 26, 1993.

37. Richard Rodda, "Rivals Jockey to Grab Gavel," The Sacramento Bee , June 7, 1974.

38. Howard Berman, interview, Washington, D.C., June 8, 1993; Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 281.

39. Howard Berman, interview.

40. Opatrny, "How McCarthy Beat Brown for Speakership," San Francisco Examiner , June 23, 1974.

41. Howard Berman, interview.

42. John Burton, interview.

43. Interviews, Robert Connelly; Julian Dixon, Washington, D.C., June 9, 1993.

44. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership," California Journal , July 1974, p. 245; James Dufur, "Demos Will Chair All Assembly Committees," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 21, 1974.

45. Interviews, John Burton; Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; "How McCarthy Won the Speakership."

46. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 289.

47. Lee Fremstad, "Assemblyman Spurned As Chairman Resigns from Death Penalty Committee," The Sacramento Bee , June 1, 1973.

48. George Murphy, "Willie Brown—'Just Got Beat,'" San Francisco Chronicle , June 19, 1974.

49. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

50. Confidential informant, former aide to Mervyn Dymally.

51. "Negro Legislators Called 'Traitors,'" United Press International, appearing in the San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 12, 1968.

52. Julian Dixon, interview.

53. Ibid.

54. Ibid.

55. Ibid.

56. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership."

57. Leon D. Ralph, oral history interview, pp. 91-93, California State Archives, Sacramento.

58. Ibid., pp. 91-93.

59. Ibid., p. 96.

60. Ibid.

61. Doug Dempster, "Nominees Tell What They Hope to Do in Assembly," The Sacramento Bee , June 15, 1972.

62. Kenneth Cory, oral history interview, pp. 51-52, California State Archives, Sacramento.

63. Steve Thompson, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 14, 1993.

64. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership."

65. "Willie Brown Asks Blacks to Switch," San Francisco Chronicle , June 18, 1974; "Speakership Fight Takes Racial Turn," The Sacramento Bee , June 18, 1974.

66. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 134.

67. Julian Dixon, interview.

68. William Lockyer, interview, Hayward, Calif., Nov. 23, 1993; Opatrny, "How McCarthy Beat Brown for Speakership."

69. William Lockyer, interview.

70. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

71. Dennis Opatrny, "McCarthy Is Sure He's Got the Votes," San Francisco Examiner , June 14, 1974.

72. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership."

73. Press conference transcript, Robert Moretti, Leo McCarthy, and Willie Brown, June 18, 1974; Robert Moretti Papers, file "Press Conferences," box 5, California State Archives, Sacramento.

74. Murphy, "Willie Brown—'Just Got Beat.'"

75. Printout of copy by Austin Scott, The Washington Post , Apr. 27, 1975.

76. Peter Weisser, "Foran to Get a Key Post in Assembly," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 2, 1974.

77. James Dufur, "Speaker Rematch in Winter?" The Sacramento Bee , Aug. 6, 1974; "Willie Brown Off Key Panel," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 6, 1974.

78. Bill Bagley, telephone interview, June 23, 1995; Herb Caen column, San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 7, 1974.

79. Leo McCarthy, interview.

80. Ibid.

81. "Brown's Walkout," Associated Press, published in the San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 20, 1974; "A Unity Try Fails," San Francisco Examiner , Aug. 25, 1974.

82. "Brown's Walkout."

83. "Willie Brown on 'Joyless Victory,'" San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 16, 1974.

84. Ibid.

85. "Willie Brown to New Chief: 'Hands Off,'" The Sacramento Bee , Nov. 7, 1974.

86. "Willie Brown May Get GOP Aid," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 2, 1974.

87. "McCarthy Defeats Willie Brown," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 2, 1974; Richard Rodda, "McCarthy Considers 'Offenders,'" The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 8, 1974.

88. Dufur, "Demos Will Chair All Assembly Committees."

89. Carla Lazzareschi, "The Decline of Randy Collier—or Is He Just Resting?" California Journal , May 1975, p. 165.

90. "From 'Big Daddy' to 'Captain Queeg,'" United Press International, published in the The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 21, 1975.

91. Leo McCarthy, interview.

92. Willie Brown, interview, Assembly floor, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 15, 1993.

93. Ibid.