1. George Skelton, "Two Views of the Budget," United Press International, published in Sacramento Union , Jan. 14, 1972.

2. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1971 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1971), p. 69.

3. Alfred Alquist, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Mar. 21, 1994.

4. Carla Lazzareschi, "The Decline of Randy Collier—or Is He Just Resting?" California Journal , May 1975, p. 165.

5. Edmund G. Brown, interviews, Beverly Hills, Calif., Jan. 27, 1983, and Feb. 1, 1983; the author interviewed Pat Brown on two occasions about Collier while a reporter for The Press-Enterprise of Riverside County .

6. Lazzareschi, "The Decline of Randy Collier—or Is He Just Resting?"

7. Letter from Randolph Collier to the Rev. Kenneth T. Widney, Apr. 18, 1967; Collier replied to Widney's appeal to vote against repealing open housing by not telling him his position on the issue, but promising "to keep you advised as to the progress of this measure"; Randolph Collier Papers, file "Rumford Act," box 12; California State Archives, Sacramento.

8. John Robert Connelly, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 27, 1993.

9. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., May 5, 1993.

10. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

11. Skelton, "Two Views of the Budget."

12. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Dec. 22, 1992.

13. "Moretti Picks Willie Brown to Chair Assembly Ways, Means Committee," The Sacramento Bee , Jan. 7, 1971.

14. Julian Bond, interview, Washington, D.C, Dec. 3, 1993.

15. Steve Thompson, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 14, 1993.

16. John Robert Connelly, interview.

17. Descriptions of staff activities of the Assembly Ways and Means Committee based on interviews with Phillip Isenberg, May 5, 1993; John Mockler, Sacramento, Calif., July 29, 1993; Robert Connelly; Steve Thompson.

18. "Jurors Visit Quentin, Probe Killings," The Sacramento Bee , Aug. 31, 1971.

19. "Lavish Costs of the Queen Mary," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 11, 1971; Douglas Dempster, "Long Beach Dispute," The Sacramento Bee , Feb. 11, 1972; Nancy Litterman, "California's Saudi Arabia: Long Beach Oil and the Queen Mary Fling," California Journal , May 1975, p. 144.

20. John Robert Connelly, interview.

21. This and the following quotes are from interview with Robert Connelly.

22. Steve Thompson, interview.

23. John Robert Connelly, interview.

24. Leo McCarthy, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 2, 1993.

25. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Dec. 22, 1992.

26. John Berthelsen, "McCarthy Relents," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 21, 1976.

27. John Robert Connelly, interview.

28. Steve Thompson, interview.

29. Virna Canson, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 11, 1993.

30. Letter from Steven M. Thompson to Hon. John E. Moss, Apr. 13, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153, California State Archives, Sacramento; the box contains numerous loose papers, memos, and so forth from Willie Brown and staffers including Mockler, Thompson, and others.

31. Letter from Steve Thompson to Donald K. Henry of Tiburon, Jan. 3, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153, California State Archives, Sacramento.

32. Memo from Steve Thompson to Willie L. Brown Jr., Jan. 31, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153; California State Archives, Sacramento.

33. Ibid.

34. Letter from Willie L. Brown Jr. to Charles Hitch, president of the University of California, July 2, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153; California State Archives, Sacramento.

35. Letter from Willie L. Brown Jr. to James Haughabook, chairman, black caucus, UC San Francisco, June 28, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153, California State Archives, Sacramento.

36. John Mockler, interview.

37. University of California, Berkeley, Freshman Admissions at Berkeley: A Policy for the 1990s and Beyond , p. 10.

38. Letter from Willie L. Brown Jr. to Leonard C. Beanland, director Employment and Planning, PG&E, July 3, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153, California State Archives, Sacramento.

39. Earl C. Behrens, "Opposition to Budget Hearing Plan," San Francisco Chronicle , Feb. 27, 1971.

40. John Robert Connelly, interview.

41. Sydney Kossen, "Capitol Demos, GOP Groping for Accord," San Francisco Examiner , May 16, 1971.

42. "Demos Hit Reagan for Money Crisis," San Francisco Chronicle , Dec. 1, 1970; Earl C. Behrens, "Willie Brown Predicts Tax Increase," San Francisco Chronicle , Dec. 7, 1970.

43. "Medi-Cal Compromise Is Hit," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 30, 1971.

44. Notes from Sacramento Bee reporter Lee Fremstad, May 19, 1971, in the author's private collection.

45. Lou Cannon, Reagan , pp. 180-181.

46. Steve Thompson, interview.

47. Cannon, Reagan , p. 181.

48. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, California State Archives, Sacramento.

49. John Mockler, interview.

50. George Skelton, "Key Legislator Claims Reagan's Welfare Reform Will Be Costly," United Press International, in The Sacramento Bee , Aug. 16, 1971.

51. "Opening Statement by Assemblyman Willie L. Brown, Jr." Committee on Ways and Means, Feb. 14, 1973, Assembly Ways and Means Committee, Hearings and Miscellaneous Papers, AC 82-2, position 1, B5153, California State Archives, Sacramento.

52. Jackson Doyle, "Legislator's Reaction to Reagan Speech," San Francisco Chronicle , Jan. 7, 1972.

53. Edwin Meese, interview, Palo Alto, Calif., July 7, 1993.

54. Ibid.

55. "Moretti Says Legislature Provides Leadership This Year, Governor Does Not," California Journal , May 1971, p. 129.

56. "The Budget Is Ready," The Sacramento Bee , July 2, 1971; "Demos Assail Reagan, GOP Backs Him Up," San Francisco Examiner , July 4, 1971; Earl C. Behrens, "Court Tests Likely on Budget Cuts," San Francisco Chronicle , July 5, 1971. Reagan used his "blue pencil" line-item veto to cut the 1971-1972 budget down to $6.8 billion.

57. Joan Chatfield-Taylor, "An Assemblyman Who Mixes Politics and Fashion," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 20, 1971.

58. Herb Caen column, San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 16, 1972.

59. Joan Chatfield-Taylor, "Enter, Male Peacocks," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 28, 1971.

60. Breakup between Blanche and Willie Brown explained by John Dearman, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.