1. Photographs, The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 25, 1968; San Francisco Chronicle , May 7, 1968.

2. Julian Bond, interview, Washington, D.C., Dec. 3, 1993.

3. Lou Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse: A Political Odyssey , pp. 109, 279-282; James Mills, A Disorderly House: The Brown-Unruh Years in Sacramento , pp. 20-21.

4. Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse , p. 286.

5. Jules Witcover, 85 Days: The Last Campaign of Robert Kennedy , pp. 61-62.

6. Statement of Senator Robert F. Kennedy in Delano, Calif., Mar. 10, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy Senate Papers 1964-68, folder "Speeches, Press Releases 1965-68," box 3, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston, Mass.

7. John Jacobs, A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phillip Burton , p. 156. Also telegram and message slip in folder "RFK," Phillip Burton Papers, carton 7, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. On Mar. 16, Kennedy officially announced he was running for president and sent Phillip Burton a courtesy telegram.

8. Michael Harris, "A Union Rebuke to Phil Burton," San Francisco Chronicle , May 1, 1968.

9. San Francisco Kennedy campaign roster, undated, Robert F. Kennedy Papers—1968 Presidential Campaign, folder "Kennedy for President Committee, Black Books," box 3, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston, Mass.

10. Minutes to meeting of San Francisco delegates pledged to Robert Kennedy, Mar. 23, 1968, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "RFK," carton 7, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. The minutes noted, "Assemblyman Brown discussed extensively the lack of minority representation on the Northern California Delegation, and the need to deliberately structure the campaign leadership and the alternate delegates to correct this deficiency."

11. Delegate lists in Official Ballot Statement, which were found in folder "RFK," Phillip Burton Papers, carton 7, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

12. Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse , pp. 287-288; Witcover, 85 Days , pp. 230-231; Frank Mankiewicz, interview, Washington, D.C., Nov. 30, 1993.

13. Frank Mankiewicz, interview.

14. Kennedy campaign press release, "Elected Officials Ring Doorbells for Kennedy," May 1, 1968, Robert F. Kennedy Papers—1968 Presidential Campaign, folder "Press Releases," Press Division Box 15, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston, Mass.

15. Interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; John Dearman, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

16. "Negro Solon Calls Death of King Worse for Whites," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 5, 1968. The story began: "Assemblyman Willie Brown of San Francisco, a small, sorrowing black man, spoke slowly and deliberately of the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King."

17. William Bagley, telephone interview, June 23, 1995.

18. Witcover, 85 Days , p. 185.

19. Robert F. Kennedy, speech, University of San Francisco Apr. 19, 1968, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "RFK," carton 7, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

20. Witcover, 85 Days , pp. 237-238; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times , vol. 2, p. 949; Schlesinger based his telling of this incident, and another the next day, on a series of oral history interviews conducted by Jean Stein for her book American Journey , 1970, edited by George Plimpton. Stein interviewed Willie Brown on Aug. 17, 1968, and Schlesinger used the Willie Brown interview in his biography of Kennedy. However, the Brown oral history was not included in American Journey . The author of this book contacted Stein's representatives in New York, but they were unable to locate a transcript of the Willie Brown interview. Archivists at the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library also attempted unsuccessfully to locate a transcript of the Brown-Stein interview.

21. Photos contained in unmarked folders, Phillip Burton Papers, photo carton, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

22. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times , vol. 2, pp. 949-950.

23. Ibid.

24. Ibid.

25. "Assemblyman Lauds RFK in Talk at Davis," The Sacramento Bee , May 15, 1968.

26. John Dearman, interview.

27. "An Angry Mood at Black Meeting," San Francisco Chronicle , June 3, 1968.

28. Interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; John Dearman. Witcover, 85 Days , p. 276.

29. John Dearman, interview.

30. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

31. "Stunned Reaction in S.F," San Francisco Chronicle , June 5, 1968.

32. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 157.

33. "Stunned Reaction in S.F."

34. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

35. Earl C. Behrens, "Kennedy Slate's Uncertain Future," San Francisco Chronicle , June 7, 1968.

36. Assemblyman Pete Wilson, press release, June 21, 1968, Jesse M. Unruh Papers, folder "Correspondence, Legislators, Be-Car 1959-69" (contained with Willie Brown materials), LP 236:295, California State Archives, Sacramento.

37. Willie Brown, interview, Sacramento, Calif., June 13, 1994.

38. Congressional Quarterly Books, National Party Conventions 1831-1984 , p. 115.

39. Earl C. Behrens, "Willie Brown Leads Query Of the South," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 22, 1968.

40. Ibid.

41. Congressional Quarterly Books, National Party Conventions 1831-1984 , p. 115.

42. Julian Bond, interview.

43. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

44. Congressional Quarterly Books, National Party Conventions 1831-1984 , p. 115.

45. Congressional Quarterly Books, National Party Conventions 1831-1984 , convention ballot tables, p. 209; other convention details based in part on interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; William Lockyer, Hayward, Calif., Nov. 23, 1993; Frank Mankiewicz.

46. Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse , p. 292.

47. Garry Wills, Nixon Agonistes , p. 530; Congressional Quarterly, National Party Conventions 1831-1984 , p. 115.

48. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

49. Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse , pp. 292-293.

50. "Humphrey Caught in the Middle of Democratic Split in California," Washington Post , Sep. 12, 1968.

51. Ibid.

52. Press release, Hubert H. Humphrey presidential campaign, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "Hubert H. Humphrey Campaign 1968," carton 5, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

53. Letter from Dianne Feinstein to potential contributors on behalf of Alan Cranston, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "1968 Presidential (other)," carton 2, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

54. "Meeting to Combat Race Polarization," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 7, 1968; "Brown Urges Guarantees for Land Aims," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 16, 1968; "Racial Slur by Alioto Is Denied," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 21, 1968; "No Offense So No Apology, Says Alioto," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 24, 1968.

55. Hugh Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America , p. 169. Pearson writes that Kathleen Cleaver's candidacy forced Willie Brown to issue a defense of Eldridge Cleaver being allowed to speak on campus at the University of California, Berkeley. However, it is probably a hollow claim, given Brown's embrace of the Free Speech Movement in Berkeley beginning in 1964 (before either Cleaver was a public figure). In all likelihood, Willie Brown would have issued such a defense of free speech without prodding from the Panthers' leaders.

56. Campaign leaflet, Kathleen Cleaver, 1968, Phillip Isenberg Papers, folder "1967-1969, Willie Brown Jr. Administrative Assistant, 1968 Campaign for Re-election," box 5, University Archives, California State University, Sacramento.

57. "Smith, Carlos Protest Praised," San Francisco Chronicle , Oct. 30, 1968.

58. Ron Moskowitz, "Mock Trial, But Issues Are Real," San Francisco Chronicle , Oct. 10, 1968.

59. Willie Brown, interview, Sacramento, Calif., July 26, 1994.

60. Moskowitz, "Mock Trial, But Issues Are Real."

61. Richard Nixon won California by 223, 328 votes, a 3.6 percentage point margin. After the election in November 1968, the state Senate stood at a 20-20 split, until Democrat George Miller died on January 1, 1969, and Republicans won a special election to take a 21-19 majority. Going into the election in the Assembly, the Democrats held a four-seat majority, but in November the Republicans picked up five seats, giving them a 41-39 majority. John R. Owens, Edmond Costantini, and Louis F. Weschler, California Politics and Parties , pp. 51-52; California Legislature at Sacramento , 1969 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1969), pp. 218-225.