1. Stephen L. Sanger, "San Francisco Report: Not Only in the South," Frontier: The Voice of the New West , Sep. 1961, p. 27.

2. Sanger, "San Francisco Report: Not Only in the South."

3. Blanche Brown told the story in a fund-raising film for Willie Brown produced by her daughter, Susan, in April 1993.

4. Sanger, "San Francisco Report: Not Only in the South"; "Real Estate 'Sit-In' at S.F. Tract," San Francisco Chronicle , May 29, 1961; Robert Scheer, "Mr. Speaker: The Flash," Los Angeles Times Magazine , June 23, 1991. Scheer repeated Brown's version that his wife called him at the law office and that he told them to "just sit-in." Scheer wrote that the protest escalated from there. The real political theater occurred the following Sunday, when Brown and the NAACP staged a sit-in for the benefit of the mainstream San Francisco newspapers.

5. "Negro Lawyer Seeking Home Conducts SF Sit-In," Associated Press as published in The Sacramento Bee , May 29, 1961. This is the first mention of Brown in the Bee .

6. "Real Estate 'Sit-in' at S.F. Tract"; Sanger, "San Francisco Report: Not Only in the South"; "Full-Scale 'Sit-in' Drive Opens in S.F.," San Francisco Chronicle , May 30, 1961.

7. Photograph, San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

8. Sanger, "San Francisco Report: Not Only in the South."

9. Ibid.

10. Feinstein told the story for a fund-raising film produced by Brown's daughter Susan in April 1993. Jerry Roberts, Dianne Feinstein: Never Let Them See You Cry , p. 50.

11. NAACP San Francisco branch memo on "top performances" in recruiting new members, Apr. 13, 1960, reports that Terry Francois had collected a $10 membership fee from San Francisco Mayor George Christopher; folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Office Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

12. Irving Babow, "Discreet Discrimination," Frontier , Feb. 1962, p. 7.

13. "Tract Owner Says Negro May Look," San Francisco Chronicle , June 3, 1961.

14. John Burton, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 26, 1993.

15. "Biographical sketch of Willie L. Brown, Jr.," Phillip Burton Papers, folder "1964—18th A.D. Willie L. Brown, Jr.," carton 5, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

16. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

17. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993.

18. The description of the 1961 reapportionment and Burton's role in creating the so-called fifth seat is based on John Jacobs, A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phillip Burton , pp. 120-122.

19. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 121.

20. "Political Profile: S.F. Assembly Dean," San Francisco Examiner , May 22, 1964.

21. "Political Profile: S.F. Assembly Dean"; "Democratic Assemblyman Edward M. Gaffney—18th District," campaign pamphlet from Gaffney campaign in 1964, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "1964—18th A.D. Willie L. Brown, Jr.," carton 5, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

22. Confidential informant, Sacramento, Calif.

23. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 28, 1993.

24. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

25. Letterhead from 1962, "Willie Brown for Assembly Committee," lists all those holding official positions in the campaign; Phillip Burton Papers, carton 5, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

26. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 28, 1993. Brown tells the same story in the film produced by his daughter Susan in April 1993.

27. Brown filed his campaign finance statements for the 1962 campaign on March 29, 1966, well over a year after he had taken office. He petitioned the Superior Court of San Francisco, that it was out of "inadvertence" that he forgot to file statements. "Candidate's Campaign Statement," 1962 Primary Election, California State Archives, Sacramento.

28. Earl C. Behrens, "Demo Fight for Assembly Candidate," San Francisco Chronicle , Feb. 12, 1962.

29. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 3, 1994.

30. Behrens, "Demo Fight for Assembly Candidate."

31. "Willie Speaks," San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

32. "Demo Endorsements: Negro Lawyer Dumps Gaffney," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 3, 1962.

33. Bruce Samuel, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 9, 1995.

34. "Demo Endorsements: Negro Lawyer Dumps Gaffney."

35. Photograph, San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

36. "Brown Cops CDC Endorsement," San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

37. "Demo Endorsements: Negro Lawyer Dumps Gaffney."

38. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 121.

39. Letter from Charles Duarte, president ILWU locals 6 and 10, to membership, May 25, 1962, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "1962: Other Campaign Materials," carton 1, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.

40. Listing of political activities, San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 18, 1962.

41. Listing of political activities, San Francisco Chronicle , April 6, 1962; Apr. 20, 1962; May 6, 1962. The Chronicle on Apr. 6 listed him as "William Brown."

42. "Brownanza Time" San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

43. "Jot It Down," San Francisco Sun-Reporter , May 5, 1962.

44. Confidential informant. Gaffney's promise was common knowledge among political figures of the time as well.

45. Statement of the Vote: 1962 Primary Election , Secretary of State, handwritten tally sheet, Phillip Burton Papers, folder "1962 Statistics," carton 1, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. "Candidate's Campaign Statement," 1962 Primary Election, California State Archives, Sacramento.

46. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 28, 1993.

47. "New Negro Judge Tells Views: 'S.F. Facing Up to Its Problems,'" San Francisco News-Call Bulletin , July 16, 1963.

48. Letter from Tarea Hall Pittman, NAACP regional secretary, to Gloster B. Current, director of branches, New York, July 24, 1963, folder "San Francisco CA 1962-1963," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C14, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Quote from Warren Hinckle, "NAACP Here Blasts New Negro Judge," San Francisco Chronicle , July 22, 1963.

49. Hinckle, "NAACP Here Blasts New Negro Judge."

50. Letter from Tarea Hall Pittman, NAACP regional secretary, to Gloster B. Current, director of branches, New York, July 24, 1963, folder "San Francisco CA 1962-1963," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C14, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

51. Ibid.

52. Telegrams between Roy Wilkins, New York, and Thomas Burbridge, San Francisco, July 23-25, 1963, folder "San Francisco CA 1962-1963," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C14, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

53. Herb Caen, "Just Foolin' Around," San Francisco Chronicle , July 23, 1963.

54. "A Judge Blasts Negro Leader," San Francisco Chronicle , July 24, 1963.

55. "Atty. Brown Retracts on Courts," San Francisco Examiner , July 23, 1963.

56. "A Judge Blasts Negro Leader."

57. Editorial, "An Apology Indicated," San Francisco Chronicle , July 25, 1963.

58. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993.

59. "Negroes and the 'Power Structure,'" San Francisco Chronicle , July 31, 1963.

60. Terence Hallinan, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 16, 1993. Hugh Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America , pp. 61-62, discusses Freedom Summer's impact on the budding Free Speech Movement in Berkeley and the civil rights demonstrations in San Francisco.

61. Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther , p. 52.

62. Terence Hallinan, interview.

63. Interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993; Terence Hallinan; John Dearman, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994.

64. "Bias Pickets at Dobbs' Drive-Ins," San Francisco Chronicle , 1963. Interviews with John Dearman and Terence Hallinan.

65. "Mass S.F. Sit-in Arrests—Dobbs, Shelley Argue," San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 4, 1963; Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther , pp. 52-53.

66. "Mass S.F. Sit-in Arrests—Dobbs, Shelley Argue."

67. Terence Hallinan, interview.

68. John Dearman, interview.

69. Interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993, and John Dearman.

70. Terence Hallinan, interview.

71. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 132.

72. John R. Owens, Edmond Costantini, and Louis F. Weschler, California Politics and Parties , pp. 272-273.

73. "Police Take 167 from Hotel Sit-In," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 8, 1964. Initial reports were that 167 were arrested, but the final tally was 171, including six children.

74. Warren Hinckle, "Parade of Paddy Wagons," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 8, 1964.

75. "Police Take 167 from Hotel Sit-In."

76. John Dearman, interview.

77. "'Rebellion' Splits Negro Leaders," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 8, 1964.

78. "Shelley Wins Agreement after Big S.F. Arrest," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 8, 1964; Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther , pp. 57-59.

79. "Hallinan Gets Bail for 67," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 8, 1964.

80. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993.

81. "Tracy Sims' Clash with the Cops," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 16, 1964.

82. "Lapham Hits Shelley over Palace Pact," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 9, 1994.

83. "Pickets Move On to Cadillac Agency," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 10, 1964.

84. "Cahill Won't Drop Charges," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 11, 1964.

85. John Dearman, interview.

86. Jackson Doyle, "Brown Hits the Sit-In at Palace," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 11, 1964.

87. John Dearman, interview.

88. "S.F. Pickets May Face Mass Trial," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 9, 1964.

89. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993.

90. Donovan Bess, "226 Sit-in Arrests," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 12, 1964.

91. "Auto Sit-ins to Continue across U.S.," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 13, 1964.

92. Editorial, "Let Style Prevail," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 18, 1964.

93. "Auto Row Pact Called Landmark," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 21, 1964.

94. Interviews, Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993, and John Dearman; "City Courts Clogged by Sit-in Cases," San Francisco Chronicle , May 6, 1964. The Chronicle identifies Brown as "coordinating the defense staff" of nearly fifty attorneys.

95. August 1966 NAACP newsletter, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 17, folder "O.A. correspondence—branch—San Francisco— hard

Aug.-Oct. 1966." The NAACP was the only organization that systematically kept track of the aftermath of the 1964 demonstrations and is therefore quoted here as authoritative.

96. David Lance Goines, The Free Speech Movement: Coming of Age in the 1960s , p. 89. Goines, later famous for his decorative posters in the 1970s, served a jail sentence in 1966 stemming from the demonstrations, and he praises Brown for visiting him and others in the jail and pressuring jail officials to maintain their safety inside.