1. Stephen Green (ed.), California Political Almanac 1991-1992 , pp. 153-155, 224-226, 282-283, 302-304, and 338-339; Bruce Cain, interview, Oct. 22, 1993. The author interviewed the "Gang of Five" numerous times during 1987-1988 and dined with them at Paragary's occasionally during the battle. [BACK]

2. Charles Calderon, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

3. Dan Walters (ed.), California Political Almanac , 1989-90 Edition , p. 261. Costa, who was not married, paid a $1 fine and served three years probation. [BACK]

4. Dan Walters, columnist for the The Sacramento Bee , takes credit for the "Gang of Five" moniker, a name evoking the Maoist "Gang of Four" rebels in China. [BACK]

5. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1987 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1987), pp. 239-243. [BACK]

6. Interviews, Charles Calderon, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993; Maxine Waters, Washington, D.C., June 10, 1993; Phillip Isenberg, Sacramento, Calif., Oct 20, 1993; also see Richard A. Clucas, The Speaker's Electoral Connection: Willie Brown and the California Assembly , pp. 143-144. [BACK]

7. Charles Calderon, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

8. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 20, 1993. [BACK]

9. Letter from Willie Brown to Brian Kidney, Chief Clerk of the Assembly, Feb. 22, 1988, in the author's private collection. [BACK]

10. Arnold Hamilton and Bert Robinson, "Willie Brown: A Legacy of Power," San Jose Mercury News , Mar. 6, 1988. In 1995, Willie Brown discovered that he needed to worry about what the world thought about his insider deals as he ran for mayor of San Francisco. Brown was repeatedly asked about his legislative activities and campaign contributions from tobacco companies, land developers, trial lawyers and others. [BACK]

11. Amy Chance, "Willie Brown Fights to Keep Control," The Sacramento Bee , Feb. 21, 1988. [BACK]

12. Patrick Nolan, interview, Sacramento, Calif., May 6, 1993. [BACK]

13. Frank Mankiewicz, interview, Washington, D.C., Nov. 30, 1993. [BACK]

14. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 15, 1993. [BACK]

15. James Richardson and Herbert A. Sample, "Assembly Seething on Inside," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 10, 1988. [BACK]

16. "Dear Colleague" letter proposing new Assembly rules from Areias, Calderon, Condit, Eaves, and Peace, Feb. 12, 1988, in author's private collection. [BACK]

17. Herbert A. Sample, "Brown Removes Four Dissidents from Assembly Panels," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 9, 1988. [BACK]

18. The author spent several evenings sitting in the bar at Paragary's watching legislators come and go at the Gang of Five's table. Paragary's became something of a local legend because of the Gang of Five, and a plaque was eventually hung on the wall commemorating the Gang of Five near their favorite table. [BACK]

19. Patrick Johnston, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

20. Ibid. [BACK]

21. Charles Calderon, interview, Sept. 10, 1993. [BACK]

22. Brown, Areias, and Bronzan quotes from: James Richardson, "'Gang of Five' Revolt Has Wrecked Friendships," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 18, 1988. [BACK]

23. Leo C. Wolinsky, "Sacramento Feels Impact of 'Gang of Five' Uprising," Los Angeles Times , Apr. 11, 1988. [BACK]

24. Patrick Nolan, interview. [BACK]

25. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 15, 1993. [BACK]

26. Charles Calderon, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

27. Ibid. [BACK]

28. Patrick Nolan, interview. [BACK]

29. Leo C. Wolinsky, "Sacramento Feels Impact of 'Gang of Five' Uprising," Los Angeles Times , Apr. 11, 1988. [BACK]

30. Herbert. A. Sample, "Brown Survives Ouster Try," The Sacramento Bee , May 10, 1988. [BACK]

31. James Richardson, "Move to Oust Brown As Speaker Fails," The Sacramento Bee , May 6, 1988. [BACK]

32. Maxine Waters, interview. [BACK]

33. Martin Smith, "Brown's Quiet Advice to Jackson," The Sacramento Bee , Oct. 1, 1987. [BACK]

34. Interviews, Patrick Nolan; and Charles Calderon, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

35. Charles Calderon, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

36. Dan Walters, "Fate a Player in Capitol War," The Sacramento Bee , June 14, 1988. [BACK]

37. Walters, California Political Almanac 1989-90 Edition , p. 277; Dan Bernstein, "Nolan, Hill Indicted in Capitol Sting," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 28, 1993. [BACK]

38. Ross Johnson, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Aug. 26, 1993. [BACK]

39. Herbert A. Sample, "Brown Keeps His Post by a Whisker," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 6, 1988. [BACK]

40. Cathie Wright, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

41. Charles Calderon, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Sep. 10, 1993. [BACK]

42. Ross Johnson, interview. [BACK]

43. James Richardson, "Willie Brown: The Members' Speaker," Alicia Patterson Foundation Reporter , vol. 16, no. 2, 1994, p. 38. [BACK]