1. Press conference transcript, Speaker Robert Moretti, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 25, 1973, p. 9, Robert Moretti Papers, file "Press Conferences," box 5, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

2. Ibid., p. 17. [BACK]

3. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, pp. 115-116, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

4. Lou Cannon, Reagan , p. 189. [BACK]

5. Memo from John FitzRandolph to Chuck Manatt, Feb. 7, 1973, Robert Moretti Papers, box 6, file "1969-70," LP 162:136, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

6. Doug Dempster, "Moretti Predicts Demos Will Gain in Assembly," The Sacramento Bee , June 8, 1972. [BACK]

7. Mary Ellen Leary, Phantom Politics: Campaigning in California , p. 26. [BACK]

8. Harry Johanesen, "Willie Brown Backs Moretti," San Francisco Examiner , Feb. 3, 1973. [BACK]

9. Dennis J. Opatrny, "Willie Brown's Choice: 'Moretti for Governor,'" San Francisco Examiner , Feb. 13, 1972. [BACK]

10. Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , p. 100; John Jacobs, A Rage for Justice: The Passion and Politics of Phillip Burton , p. 291. [BACK]

11. Jack Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps," San Francisco Examiner , Sep. 9, 1973. [BACK]

12. Leo McCarthy, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 2, 1993. [BACK]

13. Leo McCarthy biographical details from California Legislature at Sacramento , 1974 and 1975 editions; Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps"; Jerry Burns, "The Fall and Rise of San Francisco," California Journal , Nov. 1973, p. 365; Leah Cartabruno, "The Essence of Speaker McCarthy: Team Player, Family Man, Tap Dancer," California Journal , June 1976, p. 178; Leo McCarthy, interview. [BACK]

14. Leo McCarthy, interview. [BACK]

15. Cartabruno, "The Essence of Speaker McCarthy." [BACK]

16. The author of this book followed McCarthy's unsuccessful 1988 U.S. Senate campaign, traveling extensively with McCarthy and a small band of reporters. When McCarthy learned that the author had just proposed marriage to his future wife during a swing through Sacramento, McCarthy was ecstatic in his congratulations. [BACK]

17. Louis J. Papan, oral history interview, p. 22, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

18. Welter, "2 Men Running in Moretti's Footsteps." [BACK]

19. Art Agnos, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 18, 1994; Dennis J. Opatrny, "McCarthy, Brown Eye Speakership," San Francisco Examiner , Nov. 12, 1972. [BACK]

20. "It Was Said," California Journal , Jan. 1974, p. 9, quoting from a Sacramento Union profile of Brown. [BACK]

21. Dennis J. Opatrny, "How the State Legislature's Political Swap Game Works," San Francisco Examiner , Aug. 12, 1973; and "Candlestick Area Park Is OKd," San Francisco Chronicle , Oct. 5, 1973. [BACK]

22. Patricia Beach Smith, "No Spittoons: Capitol Lacks Final Touches," The Sacramento Bee , Jan. 16, 1986. [BACK]

23. "Assembly OK on Bill for New Capitol," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 7, 1973; "State Senate Vote on New Chambers," San Francisco Chronicle , Sep. 14, 1973; "New Capitol: 'A Tabernacle to Ourselves?'" California Journal , Jan. 1974, p. 7. [BACK]

24. Smith, "No Spittoons." [BACK]

25. Opatrny, "How the State Legislature's Political Swap Game Works." [BACK]

26. Jeff Raimundo, "Senate Rules Unit Asks Capitol Renewal Audit," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 27, 1977. [BACK]

27. Robert Connelly, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 27, 1993. [BACK]

28. Ibid. [BACK]

29. Art Agnos, interview. [BACK]

30. "Willie Brown Urges NAACP to Focus on State Budget," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 21, 1974. [BACK]

31. Leary, Phantom Politics , pp. 6 and 114. [BACK]

32. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1975 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1975), p. 428; the votes in the Democratic gubernatorial primary for major candidates were Jerry Brown 1,085,752; Joseph Alioto 544,007; Robert Moretti 478,469; William Matson Roth 293,686; Jerome Waldie 227,489. [BACK]

33. James Richardson, "Brown's Commitment to Reform Questioned," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 12, 1992. [BACK]

34. "Willie Brown Is against Prop. 9," The Sacramento Bee , May 9, 1974. [BACK]

35. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; Richard Rodda, "McCarthy Gets Boost by Z'berg," The Sacramento Bee , June 13, 1974. [BACK]

36. John Burton, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 26, 1993. [BACK]

37. Richard Rodda, "Rivals Jockey to Grab Gavel," The Sacramento Bee , June 7, 1974. [BACK]

38. Howard Berman, interview, Washington, D.C., June 8, 1993; Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 281. [BACK]

39. Howard Berman, interview. [BACK]

40. Opatrny, "How McCarthy Beat Brown for Speakership," San Francisco Examiner , June 23, 1974. [BACK]

41. Howard Berman, interview. [BACK]

42. John Burton, interview. [BACK]

43. Interviews, Robert Connelly; Julian Dixon, Washington, D.C., June 9, 1993. [BACK]

44. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership," California Journal , July 1974, p. 245; James Dufur, "Demos Will Chair All Assembly Committees," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 21, 1974. [BACK]

45. Interviews, John Burton; Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994; "How McCarthy Won the Speakership." [BACK]

46. Jacobs, A Rage for Justice , p. 289. [BACK]

47. Lee Fremstad, "Assemblyman Spurned As Chairman Resigns from Death Penalty Committee," The Sacramento Bee , June 1, 1973. [BACK]

48. George Murphy, "Willie Brown—'Just Got Beat,'" San Francisco Chronicle , June 19, 1974. [BACK]

49. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

50. Confidential informant, former aide to Mervyn Dymally. [BACK]

51. "Negro Legislators Called 'Traitors,'" United Press International, appearing in the San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 12, 1968. [BACK]

52. Julian Dixon, interview. [BACK]

53. Ibid. [BACK]

54. Ibid. [BACK]

55. Ibid. [BACK]

56. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership." [BACK]

57. Leon D. Ralph, oral history interview, pp. 91-93, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

58. Ibid., pp. 91-93. [BACK]

59. Ibid., p. 96. [BACK]

60. Ibid. [BACK]

61. Doug Dempster, "Nominees Tell What They Hope to Do in Assembly," The Sacramento Bee , June 15, 1972. [BACK]

62. Kenneth Cory, oral history interview, pp. 51-52, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

63. Steve Thompson, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 14, 1993. [BACK]

64. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership." [BACK]

65. "Willie Brown Asks Blacks to Switch," San Francisco Chronicle , June 18, 1974; "Speakership Fight Takes Racial Turn," The Sacramento Bee , June 18, 1974. [BACK]

66. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 134. [BACK]

67. Julian Dixon, interview. [BACK]

68. William Lockyer, interview, Hayward, Calif., Nov. 23, 1993; Opatrny, "How McCarthy Beat Brown for Speakership." [BACK]

69. William Lockyer, interview. [BACK]

70. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

71. Dennis Opatrny, "McCarthy Is Sure He's Got the Votes," San Francisco Examiner , June 14, 1974. [BACK]

72. "How McCarthy Won the Speakership." [BACK]

73. Press conference transcript, Robert Moretti, Leo McCarthy, and Willie Brown, June 18, 1974; Robert Moretti Papers, file "Press Conferences," box 5, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

74. Murphy, "Willie Brown—'Just Got Beat.'" [BACK]

75. Printout of copy by Austin Scott, The Washington Post , Apr. 27, 1975. [BACK]

76. Peter Weisser, "Foran to Get a Key Post in Assembly," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 2, 1974. [BACK]

77. James Dufur, "Speaker Rematch in Winter?" The Sacramento Bee , Aug. 6, 1974; "Willie Brown Off Key Panel," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 6, 1974. [BACK]

78. Bill Bagley, telephone interview, June 23, 1995; Herb Caen column, San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 7, 1974. [BACK]

79. Leo McCarthy, interview. [BACK]

80. Ibid. [BACK]

81. "Brown's Walkout," Associated Press, published in the San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 20, 1974; "A Unity Try Fails," San Francisco Examiner , Aug. 25, 1974. [BACK]

82. "Brown's Walkout." [BACK]

83. "Willie Brown on 'Joyless Victory,'" San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 16, 1974. [BACK]

84. Ibid. [BACK]

85. "Willie Brown to New Chief: 'Hands Off,'" The Sacramento Bee , Nov. 7, 1974. [BACK]

86. "Willie Brown May Get GOP Aid," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 2, 1974. [BACK]

87. "McCarthy Defeats Willie Brown," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 2, 1974; Richard Rodda, "McCarthy Considers 'Offenders,'" The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 8, 1974. [BACK]

88. Dufur, "Demos Will Chair All Assembly Committees." [BACK]

89. Carla Lazzareschi, "The Decline of Randy Collier—or Is He Just Resting?" California Journal , May 1975, p. 165. [BACK]

90. "From 'Big Daddy' to 'Captain Queeg,'" United Press International, published in the The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 21, 1975. [BACK]

91. Leo McCarthy, interview. [BACK]

92. Willie Brown, interview, Assembly floor, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 15, 1993. [BACK]

93. Ibid. [BACK]