1. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1969 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1969), member charts, pp. 218-225. [BACK]

2. Veneman became undersecretary of Health Education and Welfare, the top assistant to Robert H. Finch. "President Appoints Veneman Health, Education, Welfare Aide," The Sacramento Bee , Feb. 7, 1969. [BACK]

3. Before Robert Monagan, the last Republican Speaker of the Assembly was Luther H. Lincoln (1955-1958). Stephen Green (ed.), California Political Almanac 1995-1996 , p. 98; Monagan was the last Republican Speaker elected until 1995, when Doris Allen was elected with Democratic votes and no Republican votes other than her own. [BACK]

5. "Willie Brown Sums It Up—'A Disaster,'" San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 11, 1969. [BACK]

6. Richard Rodda, "S. F.'s Willie Brown Takes Over Demo Whip Post in Assembly, First Negro So Honored," The Sacramento Bee , Jan. 31, 1969. [BACK]

7. Sherry Bebitch Jeffe, "The Modern Speakership of the California State Assembly: Typologies of State Legislative Leadership," p. 29. [BACK]

8. Ibid., p. 28. Jeffe assigned percentage indicators for how much each Speaker placed emphasis on administrative chores and legislative programs. Unruh was assigned 92 percent administrative and 100 percent programmatic; Monagan was assigned 100 percent administrative and 14 percent programmatic. [BACK]

9. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1970 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1970), p. 178. [BACK]

10. Field report from Virna Canson, legislative advocate, Feb. 9-Mar. 14, 1969, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), file "O.A. Reports—Legislative Advocate—Field Director (Virna Canson) Monthly Reports December 1968-May 1969," carton 26, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

11. Field report from Virna Canson, legislative advocate, Apr. 14-May 16, 1969, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), file "O.A. Reports—Legislative Advocate—Field Director (Virna Canson) Monthly Reports December 1968-May 1969," carton 26, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

12. Field report from Virna Canson, legislative advocate, undated, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), file "O.A. Reports—Legislative Advocate—Field Director (Virna Canson) Legislative Report 1969," carton 26, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

13. John Burton, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 26, 1993. [BACK]

14. "Low-Cost Housing Need Is Critical," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 11, 1969. [BACK]

15. "Brown Wins Ovation from Planners," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 15, 1969. [BACK]

16. "Warning by Willie Brown on Tensions," San Francisco Chronicle , Dec. 12, 1968. [BACK]

17. Lester Kinsolving, "State Demands Called 'Symbolic,'" San Francisco Chronicle , Dec. 16, 1968. [BACK]

18. Michael Harris, "Hayakawa vs. Willie Brown at Publishers' Seminar," San Francisco Chronicle , Feb. 8, 1969; "Solon Brown Charges Hayakawa Let Radicals Control Black Student Union," The Sacramento Bee , Feb. 8, 1969. [BACK]

19. Hugh Pearson, The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America , p. 178. [BACK]

20. Lou Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse: A Political Odyssey , p. 254. Cannon's description and analysis of the San Francisco State upheavals is the best and most complete. [BACK]

21. David Hilliard and Lewis Cole, This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party , p. 247. [BACK]

22. Report of the Select Committee on Campus Disturbances , California Assembly, May 1969, pp. 4, 21-24, 26. [BACK]

23. Ibid., page ii (foreword). [BACK]

24. "SF Solon Urges Greater Negro Role in Education," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 5, 1969. [BACK]

25. "Assemblyman Brown Predicts in UCD Talk He May Be Next Majority Leader," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 24, 1969. [BACK]

26. Victor Veysey, oral history interview, California State Archives, pp. 194-195. [BACK]

27. John Mockler, interview, Sacramento, July 29, 1993. [BACK]

28. "Findings," and "Recommendations," Report of the Select Committee on Campus Disturbances , pp. 1-8. [BACK]

29. "Statement by Willie L. Brown, Jr.," Report of the Select Committee on Campus Disturbances , pp. 168-170. [BACK]

30. Letter, John Vasconcellos to Victor Veysey, chairman, Select Committee on Campus Disturbances, May 9, 1969. Greene also wrote a one-page statement included as the last page of the final report. Report of the Select Committee on Campus Disturbances . [BACK]

31. "Statement by Willie L. Brown, Jr.," Report of the Select Committee on Campus Disturbances . [BACK]

32. John Mockler, interview, Sacramento, Calif., July 29, 1993. [BACK]

33. "Brown Says Everyone Can Enjoy His Sex Bill," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 17, 1969. [BACK]

34. Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk , pp. 59-60. [BACK]

35. Jerry Roberts, Dianne Feinstein: Never Let Them See You Cry , p. 72. [BACK]

36. "Bill to Legalize Homosexuality," San Francisco Chronicle , Mar. 4, 1969; "Brown Says Everyone Can Enjoy His Sex Bill." [BACK]

37. "Willie Brown Sums It Up—'A Disaster.'" [BACK]

38. Cannon, Ronnie and Jesse , p. 219. [BACK]

39. "New Urban League Director Will Seek Unity, Grass-Roots Control," The Sacramento Bee , May 4, 1969. [BACK]

40. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Oct. 20, 1993. [BACK]

41. Willie L. Brown Jr., "Blacks, Browns, and Reds—Colors Far Apart." [BACK]

42. "Assemblyman Brown Predicts in UCD Talk He May Be Next Majority Leader," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 24, 1969. [BACK]

43. Martin Smith, "The Moral of an Earlier Vote for Assembly Speaker," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 31, 1994. [BACK]

44. Memorandum from George N. Zenovich, chairman of the Assembly Democratic Caucus, to members of the Assembly Democratic Caucus, Jan. 21, 1970, Jesse M. Unruh Papers, folder "Correspondence, Democratic Caucus 1965-1967," carton LP236:189; California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

45. "Good morning, Jess" letter from Robert Moretti to Jesse M. Unruh, undated, probably 1970, Robert Moretti Papers, LP 162:97, box 4: 1966-74, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

46. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 82, California State Archives, Sacramento. [BACK]

47. "Brown's Bid for Unruh Job," San Francisco Chronicle , Feb. 11, 1970. [BACK]

48. William Lockyer, interview, Hayward, Calif., Nov. 23, 1993. [BACK]

49. "Two Solons Visit London for Parley," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 14, 1970; Richard Rodda, "Jess Unruh Will Quit as Assembly Demo Leader; Fight for Position Opens," The Sacramento Bee , Mar. 16, 1970. [BACK]

50. "A Deadlock on Unruh's Successor," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 2, 1970; "Reports of Coalition in Demo Fight," San Francisco Chronicle , Apr. 3, 1970. [BACK]

51. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

52. John Burton, interview. [BACK]

53. Descriptions of John Miller based on interviews with Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993; John Burton, Apr. 26, 1993; Leo McCarthy, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 2, 1993; and Julian Dixon, Washington, D.C., June 9, 1993. [BACK]

54. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1970, p. 178. [BACK]

55. John Burton, interview. [BACK]

56. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

57. Tom Arden, "Assembly Demos Pick Negro Leader," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 7, 1970. [BACK]

58. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

59. Robert Monagan, interview, Sacramento, Calif., May 30, 1995. [BACK]

60. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

61. Robert Monagan, interview. [BACK]

62. Ed Salzman, "The Constant Quest for the Speakership," California Journal , Mar. 1974, p. 96. [BACK]

63. "Good morning, Jess" letter from Robert Moretti to Jesse M. Unruh. [BACK]

64. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 91. [BACK]

65. "Sex Law Reform," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 9, 1970; John V. Hurst, "Vagaries of Auto Insurance Attract California's Attention," The Sacramento Bee , Apr. 19, 1970. [BACK]

66. "A Future Mayoral Candidate," San Francisco Chronicle , July 22, 1970; "Assemblyman Brown May Run for SF Mayor," The Sacramento Bee , July 22, 1970. [BACK]

67. "Harsh Report on Soledad Conditions," San Francisco Chronicle , Aug. 3, 1970; "Soledad Chief Blasts Critical Report on Institution Issues by Solons," The Sacramento Bee , Aug. 4, 1970. [BACK]

68. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

69. Jeffe, "The Modern Speakership of the California State Assembly." [BACK]

70. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 66. [BACK]

71. Ibid., p. 108. [BACK]

72. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1971 (Sacramento: California Legislature, 1971), pp. 212-220. [BACK]

73. John A. FitzRandolph, oral history interview, p. 109. [BACK]

74. California Legislature at Sacramento , 1971, p. 454. [BACK]

75. "Brown Attacks Ouster of Black from Bridge Board," San Francisco Chronicle , Dec. 16, 1970. [BACK]

76. John Dearman, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

77. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

78. Earl C. Behrens, "Demos Vie for Assembly Leadership," San Francisco Chronicle , Nov. 14, 1970. [BACK]

79. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

80. "Brown Is Likely to Get Assembly Ways, Means Post in Shuffle," The Sacramento Bee , Dec. 16, 1970; "Moretti Picks Willie Brown to Chair Assembly Ways, Means Committee," The Sacramento Bee , Jan. 7, 1971. [BACK]