1. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 25, 1993. [BACK]

2. Interviews, Hamilton Boswell, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 25 and 28, 1993; Willie Brown, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

3. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 25, 1993. [BACK]

4. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 28, 1993. [BACK]

5. Alan S. Broussard, Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900-1954 , p. 181. "Most, members of the new elite were born, educated, and came to intellectual maturity in the caste-ridden South. Some of these individuals migrated to San Francisco directly from southern and border states, the migration path of the majority of San Francisco's black World War II migrants." [BACK]

6. San Francisco Sun-Reporter , Jan. 16, 1954; quoted in Broussard, Black San Francisco , p. 221. [BACK]

7. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 25, 1993. [BACK]

8. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

9. Profile of Willie Brown by Jennifer Kerr, Associated Press, Mar. 25, 1984. [BACK]

10. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

11. San Francisco State College Announcement of Graduates, Spring 1955 , San Francisco State University Archives, San Francisco. [BACK]

12. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

13. John Burton, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Apr. 26, 1993. [BACK]

14. Gerald Hill, interview, Berkeley, Calif., Sep. 17, 1993. [BACK]

15. NAACP roster of college branches 1952, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 14, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

16. Julian Bond, interview, Washington, D.C., Dec. 3, 1993. [BACK]

17. Broussard, Black San Francisco , pp. 227-231; discusses the efforts of Roy Wilkins and NAACP officials to keep Communists out of western branches, concerned that involvement would discredit the NAACP elsewhere. [BACK]

18. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

19. Ibid. [BACK]

20. Obituary, Terry Francois, June 10, 1989, San Francisco Chronicle ; certificate of death filed June 15, 1989, San Francisco Department of Health. Broussard, Black San Francisco , makes numerous biographical statements about Francois. [BACK]

21. Broussard, Black San Francisco , pp. 223-224. The case was Mattie Banks vs. San Francisco Housing Authority . See letters and documents in NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

22. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 3, 1994. [BACK]

23. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

24. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 3, 1994. [BACK]

25. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

26. Ibid. [BACK]

27. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 24, 1994. [BACK]

28. "Dear Friend" letter from Terry Francois mailed to branch members, Nov. 28, 1955, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

29. Letter from Jane R. Bosfield, branch secretary, to Gloster Current, director of branches, New York, Nov. 23, 1955, asking advice on whether to give Francois the membership list. Folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

30. Documents related to the 1955 branch election are contained in folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

31. Letter from Lorean M. McClendon et. al. to Gloster Current, director of branches, New York, Dec. 13, 1955, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

32. Letter from Ethel Ray Nance, San Francisco, to Gloster Current, director of branches, New York, Dec. 13, 1955, folder "San Francisco, November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group II, box C20, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

33. Letter from Roy Wilkins, executive secretary, New York, to Jefferson A. Beaver, San Francisco branch president, Jan. 19, 1956, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

34. Letter from Jefferson Beaver to Roy Wilkins, Feb. 9, 1956, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

35. Telegram from Terry Francois, San Francisco, to Roy Wilkins, New York, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

36. Letter from National Board of Directors to San Francisco Branch, Mar. 16, 1956, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

37. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec., 15, 1993. Also Robert Scheer, "Mr. Speaker: The Flash," Los Angeles Times Magazine , June 23, 1991. [BACK]

38. Gerald Hill, interview. [BACK]

39. John Burton, interview. [BACK]

40. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

41. Beth Trier, "Blanche Brown—She's Her Own Woman Now," San Francisco Chronicle , Oct. 22, 1981. [BACK]

42. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

43. Ibid. [BACK]

44. Scheer, "Mr. Speaker: The Flash." [BACK]

45. Hamilton Boswell, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Jan. 28, 1993. [BACK]

46. Phillip Isenberg, interview, Sacramento, Calif., Dec. 22, 1992. [BACK]

47. Letters from Gloster Current to Terry Francois, Jan. 19, 1962, and Feb. 14, 1962; letter from Terry Francois to Gloster Current, Jan. 22, 1962; folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C14, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

48. Letter from Tarea Hall Pittman to officers of San Francisco NAACP branch, Dec. 6, 1960, NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

49. Telegram from Willie Brown to Tarea Hall Pittman, Dec. 12, 1960, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. The telegram said: "We have requested the branch president to place upon the agenda of our next executive committee meeting consideration of the contents of your December 6th communication. Since you have involved the board and others in these matters, we consider it vitally important that you attend our next meeting at 2085 Sutter Street 8:00 PM December 12, 1960." [BACK]

50. Letter from Terry Francois to Tarea Hall Pittman, Dec. 17, 1960, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

51. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

52. "Treskunoff for President" flier in a branch election, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

53. Letter from Terry Francois to Roy Wilkins, executive secretary, New York, Dec. 13, 1960, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

54. Letter from Roy Wilkins to Noah Griffin, Jan. 19, 1960: "I have had several extremely irritating personal experiences with Mr. Treskunoff and I can understand perfectly the feelings of the members who choose to remain away from branch meetings rather than endure his tactics." That and other letters and memos on the Treskunoff affair are contained in folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

55. Small photograph attached to letter in folder marked "San Francisco California Branch 1959-1960," folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

56. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 15, 1993. [BACK]

57. Ibid. [BACK]

58. Letter from Sarah Ferguson to Roy Wilkins, executive secretary, San Francisco, Feb. 12, 1962, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

59. Letter from Gloster Current, director of branches, on behalf of Wilkins, to Ferguson, Apr. 17, 1962, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

60. Willie Brown, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

61. "Terry Francois, resume of Branch Activities, San Francisco Branch," Dec. 11, 1961, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

62. "Here We Go Again," leaflet, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 17, folder "Correspondence, branch, San Francisco," Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

63. John Dearman, interview, San Francisco, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994. [BACK]

64. A civil rights rally was staged at the Oakland Municipal Auditorium on October 16, 1960. Those in attendance included Assemblymen Phillip Burton, Nicholas Petris, Milton Marks, Byron Rumford, and Carlos Bee. Among those sending polite regrets were Jesse Unruh and Alan Cranston, a future U.S. senator. The NAACP estimated that 4,500 people attended. Folder marked "Political Action—Civil Rights Rally 1960," NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 41, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

65. Letter from S.V. Herring of F.W. Woolworth Co. to Terry Francois, Mar. 1, 1960, NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 42, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

66. Memo from Terry Francois to "Members of the Boycott and Picketing Sub-Committee of the San Francisco Branch, NAACP," on Oct. 28, 1960, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

67. Terry Francois, "Resume of Branch Activities, San Francisco Branch," Dec. 11, 1961, folder "San Francisco, Calif., November 1960-1961," NAACP National Papers, series C, group III, box C13, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [BACK]

68. Broussard, Black San Francisco , p. 222. [BACK]

69. Ibid., p. 240. [BACK]

70. Wallace F. Smith, "Relocation in San Francisco," real estate research program, University of California, Berkeley, folder "Housing miscellaneous 1961," NAACP West Coast Region Office Papers (1946-1970), carton 38, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. [BACK]

71. Gene Marine, "The 'Redeveloped Negro' and Housing in San Francisco," Frontier: The Voice of the New West , June 1963, p. 8. [BACK]