U

Unemployment. See Vagrancy

Unequal treaties, 119 , 138

United States, Chinese labor and immigration in, 183 , 185 . See also Anti-American Boycott of 1905

Universal Salvation Ritual. See Yulanpen

Urban identity, 26 , 46 , 203 -4, 302 ;

and cosmopolitanism, 145 -46. See also Shanghai identity