O

Official rifles, purchase of, 57 , 119

Opera performances, 25 , 28 , 67 , 93 , l03 -6, 109

Opium: dens, 128 ;

runners, 135 -36, 136 n42;

smuggling, 53 , 68 -70, 135 -36;

taxation, 130 -33, 136 , 137

Opium Tax Bureau, 132 , 133 , 135 -36

Opium trade, 53 n9, 69 , 84 , 125 , 204 ;

Chaozhou, 41 n62, 58 , 70 -72, 254 n89, 257 , 257 n98;

foreigners and, 41 n62, 68 n42, 69 n43, 131 -32, 136 ;

and secret societies, 53 , 68 -69, 78 . See also Opium, smuggling

Opium War, 68

Overseas Chinese, 184