G

Gambling, 256

Gangs, 20 , 39 , 63 -66, 72 , 278 , 298 -99. See also Green Gang; Red Gang; Secret societies

Gansu sojourners, 212 n89, 224

Gaoqiao, 6

Ge Gongzhen, 143

Ge Pengyun, 184 , 189 , 191 , 192 , 192 n40

Ge Shengxiao, 161 n29

Gender hierarchy, 14 , 117

General Works Board, 199 -200

Gentry. See Elites; Merchants

Ghost Festival. See Hungry ghosts; Yulanpen

Gold Guild, 153

Gong (public) and guan (official), 124

Gong Mujiu, 61

Gongsuo , 39 , 40 . See also Huiguan

Gongzhong yanshuohui. See Patriotic Oratorical Society

Government, overlap with, 295 -96

"The Great Learning," 13 , 117

Green Gang, 67 , 278 n47, 298 . See also Du Yuesheng

Gu Xinyi, 208 , 214

Gu Zhenghong, 273 n37

Gu Zhuxuan, 20 , 298

Guan Jiongzhi, 187 -88

Guan-Shandong Gongsuo, 49

Guandi, 58 , 105 n46, 109

Guandong, 49

Guandu shangban , 139

Guang-Zhao Gongsuo, 84 n1, 105 n46, 185 , 236 , 241 , 255 n91, 262 , 288 ;

assistance to Guangdong, 90 , 110 , 244 ;

and carpenters' strike, 89 , 153 n8;

facility of, 85 , 126 n13;

and foreign authorities, 151 , 157 ;

and Guangdong events, 207 , 212 n89, 246 , 247 -48n70;

and May Fourth Movement, 265 , 266 -67;

merchant leadership of, 61 , 85 , 140 ;

and Mixed Court Riot of December 1905, 188 , 190 , 191 ;

provided return transport, 91 , 128 ;

and religious processions, 98 , 99 , 129 ;

role in politics, 209 -10, 261 , 272 , 272 n36;

rules and protocols of, 86 , 86 n5, 87 -88, 89 ;

and Yang Yuelou case, 113 , 114 , 115 . See also Tang Maozhi; Wen Zongyao; Xu Run; Ye Tingjuan; Zheng Guanying; Zhong Ziyuan

Guang-Zhao Hospital, 186

Guang-Zhao Huiguan, 13 , 55 n11, 59

Guang-Zhao middle school, 254 n89

Guang'an Huiguan, 55 n11, 74 n59, 77

Guangbang Guangyanghuo ye (Guangdong and Foreign Goods Trade), 185

Guangdong, 90 , 110 , 124 n9, 246 -47;

activists, 196 ;

boatmen, 62 -65;

carpenters, 63 , 88 -89, 153 n8;

dialect, 15 , 16 ;

elementary school, 254 n89;

gangs, 6 , 20 ;

neighborhoods, 16 , 17 ;

prostitutes, 8 , 24 , 91 , 161 -62, 169 -70;

public school, 254 n89;

restaurants, 22 , 23 , 191 , 288 ;

revolutionary organizations, 206 -7;

seamen, 236 , 275 , 276 ;

trade associations, 50 ;

workers, 62 -63

Guangdong and Foreign Goods Trade, 185

Guangdong Army, 24 .7

Guangdong bang , 54 -62, 138 , 184 , 233 . See also Guangdong, gangs; Guangdong native-place associations

Guangdong Club, 236

Guangdong compradors, 60 -62, 121 . See also Compradors; Xu Run

Guangdong huiguan , in Zhenjiang, 131 , 133

Guangdong Mechanics' Association, 196

Guangdong merchants, 14 , 22 , 84 , 139 n49, 193 , 207 ;

and the Anti-American Boycott of 1905, 185 , 186 n23;

charitable activities of, 122 , 124 ;

and China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company, 140 ;

and gangs, 20 , 67 ;

as huiguan directors, 85 ;

and the May Fourth Movement, 266 , 267 , 268 ;

and militia, 127 ;

rice, 285 ;

in trade and foreign relations, 53 , 61 -62, 145 n60;

tea, 143 . See also Chaozhou merchants

Guangdong Merchants' Association of Shanghai, 241

Guangdong Merchants' Miscellaneous Grain and Oilcake Association, 286

Guangdong native-place associations: assistance to Guangdong province, 244 -45;

before the Opium War, 54 -55;

forbidden after Small Sword Uprising, 81 ;

in 1919, 236 -37;

and plague-prevention measures, 157 . See also Chaozhou Huiguan; Guang-Zhao Huiguan

Guangdong-Ningbo rivalry, 127 n16, 141 -42, 255

Guangdong province, 243 -45, 246 n66, 247 -48. See also Chaozhou

Guangdong regional reputation, 107 , 107 n48, 113 -14, 115 -16, 256 . See also Yang Yuelou, case of

Guangdong secret societies, 67 n40, 76 , 77 , 79 , 80 . See also Small Sword Uprising

Guangdong sojourners: businesses of, 87 n6;

charitable activities of, 123 -24;

elite, 107 ;

and the 1937 bombing, 287 -88, 291 n74;

number of, 101 n38;

in regional hierarchy, 14 ;

religious practices of, 25 , 93 ;

revolutionary activities of, 206 -7, 211 ;

in Suzhou, 10

Guangdong Sojourners' Commercial Association, 262

Guangdong Sojourners' Reconstruction Association, 236

Guangdong-style residences, 17 -18

Guangdong Tongxianghui, 287 -88, 295 n83, 296

Guangfu Hui, 196 , 196 n48

Guangxi sojourners, in Suzhou, 10

Guangxu Emperor, 171

Guangzhou (Guangdong), 59 ;

compradors, 60 , 62 ;

sojourners, 30 , 54 , 50 n7

Guangzhou Chamber of Commerce, 207

Guangzhou Military Government, 246 n67, 262 n9

Guangzhou native-place associations, 59 -60n23, 77 . See also Guang-Zhao Huiguan

Guild of the Chihli Provincials and Eight Banner Corps, 153

Guilds, 42 -44, 157

Guo Guangshan, 249

Guo Hong Tai establishment, 71

Guo Weiyi, 247

Guo Wenzhi, 74 n59

Guo Zibin, 71 , 257

Guomindang, 286 , 299 , 303 -4;

Shanghai branch office, 292 -93, 296 . See also Nanjing government

Guxiang , as term for native place, 4