C
Cadre retirement: and bargaining, 236
financial burden of, 239
and provincial governments, 235 , 239
retirement to "second line," 226 -27
retirement to "third line," 227 a2standards, 225 , 234
See also Cadre retirment policy
Cadre retirement policy, 15 , 218 , 220 , 221 -23, 232 , 243
deviations from, 235 -41
effects of, 224
for postrevolutionaries, 238
targets of, 220
Cadres, 218
Cellular model, 11
Center. See Central government
Center for International Studies, 131 , 132 , 135 , 139 n.35, 145
Central Advisory Commission, 106 , 115
Central Bureau of Taxation, 317
Central-cities policy, 289 , 290 , 291 , 294 , 305
and decentralization, 307
and interurban economic networks, 301
and structural reform, 286 -91
Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party, 61 , 74 , 97 , 167
and cadre retirement, 225 , 229 , 232 , 233 , 240 -41
military membership in, 170
and People's Liberation Army, 82
and provincial governments, 43 , 82
Central Foreign Affairs Small Group, 118
Central government, 13 , 20 , 38 , 262
and bargaining, 262
control of resources, 262
and educational system, 17 , 196
guidelines from, 297
and information access, 261 -62, 263 , 275
investment quotas, 320 n.27
and investment resources, 276
priorities of, 57
projects of, 255 -56
and provincial governments, 84 n.27, 276
and rural industry, 334
and rural urbanization, 335 , 350
and taxation, 317
and Wuhan-Hubei conflict, 293 , 294 -95, 296 , 303
Central Intelligence Agency, 170
Central Organization Department, 104 , 113 , 166 , 219 , 223
and cadre retirement, 225 , 228 , 229 , 233
Central Political Structure Reform Study Group, 123
Changchun, 292
Chen Yeping, 228
Chen Yi, 118
Chen Yizi, 107
Chen Zhongjing, 141 n.40
Chengdu, 292
Chengdu Conference, 49
Chengdu Military Region, 165
Chenggu county, 356
Chequiao, 354 n.35
China Association of Science and Technology, 136
China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, 143
China International Trade and Investment Corporation, 175
"China to the Year 2000," 136 -38, 139 n.35, 140 -41
"China's Energy Policy Outline Recommendations," 138
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 , 134
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 117 n.37, 132 , 134 , 135 , 136
Institute of World Economics and Politics, 136 , 139 n.35
Chinese Communist Party, 25 , 27 -29, 64 n.8, 97 , 306 , 336
accountability of, 62
authority of, 62
and cadre retirement, 219 , 233
cadres, 60
Central Advisory Commission, 66
and Central Military Commission, 160
centralization of, 250
committees of, 64 -65, 97 , 98 , 99
constitution of, 66
control of society by, 62 , 95 , 98
and economic policy, 68
and educational system, 17 , 211
functional departments of, 63
and government, 59 , 61 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 74 , 98 , 242
and Great Leap Forward, 7
Investigation Department, 113
membership of, 60
and municipal institutions, 317 n.22
oversight bodies of, 61
personnel system of, 222
propaganda apparatus of, 4 -5
and provincial governments, 66 , 82
Secretariat of, 97 , 98 , 106 , 120 , 123
and subcounty controls, 336
and teachers, 204
territorial committees, 3
Veteran Cadre Bureau, 223
Chinese Education Union, 203 n.25
Chinese People's Institute for Foreign Affairs, 118
Chinese People's Political Consultative Congress, 111
Civilian coercive bureaucracies, 3
Collectivization, 336
Comintern, 119
Comisso, Ellen, 70 n. 16 , 309
Command-bureaucratic economy, 247 -51
Command economy, 250 , 266 , 274 , 289 , 357
and bargaining, 247 -48
and "command-bureaucratic" economy, 246
information flow in, 245 , 247 -49
limitations of, 264
Command model, 126
Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense, 161 , 167 , 172 -74, 175 , 177
Commissions: and research centers, 133
Competitive persuasion, 126 , 139 , 140 n.36
and research centers, 147
Compulsory Education Law (1986), 183 , 200 , 203 , 209
Computer Leading Group, 116 n.30
Consensus and policy, 76 -77
Construction Bank, 314 , 315 , 354
Contracting system, 268
Coordination groups, 317
Council of Economic Advisors, 105
County governments, 271 , 336 , 338 , 342 -43, 345 -46, 346
land-use plans, 340 n.12
and rural settlements, 357
and taxation, 342 , 350 -51, 358
County Labor Bureau, 346
County Land Management Bureau, 344
County seats, 359
County-towns, 336 , 338 , 342 , 345 -46, 360
and access to funds, 354 , 357
developmental label of, 344
County Urban Construction Leadership Small Group, 343
County Urban Development Bureau, 344
Court system, 284
Cultural Revolution, 13 , 75 , 99 , 236 , 244 , 250 , 251
bureaucratic decline during, 129 , 266
damage from, 58
and education, 181 , 188 , 189
and information flow, 135
and military, 152
and veteran cadres, 229