| The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |
| Note on Translation and Transliteration |
| Acknowledgments |
 | Introduction |
| • | Notes |
| 1. Bengal under the Sultans |
| 1. Before the Turkish Conquest |
| • | Bengal in Prehistory |
| • | Early Indo-Aryan Influence in Bengal |
| • | The Rise of Early Medieval Hindu Culture |
| • | The Diffusion of Bengali Hindu Civilization |
| • | Notes |
| 2. The Articulation of Political Authority |
| • | Perso-Islamic Conceptions of Political Authority, Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries |
| • | A Province of the Delhi Sultanate, 1204–1342 |
| • | The Early Bengal Sultanate, 1342–ca. 1400 |
| • | The Rise of Raja Ganesh (ca. 1400–1421) |
| • | Sultan Jalal al-Din Muhammad (1415–32) and His Political Ideology |
| • | The Indigenization of Royal Authority, 1433–1538 |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 3. Early Sufis of the Delta |
| • | The Question of Sufis and Frontier Warfare |
| • | Bengali Sufis and Hindu Thought |
| • | Sufis of the Capital |
| • | Notes |
| 4. Economy, Society, and Culture |
| • | The Political Economy of the Sultanate |
| • | Ashrāf and Non-Ashrāf Society |
| • | Hindu Society—Responses to the Conquest |
| • | Hindu Religion—the Śiva-Śākta Complex |
| • | Hindu Religion—the Vaishnava Complex |
| • | Notes |
| 5. Mass Conversion to Islam: Theories and Protagonists |
| • | Four Conventional Theories of Islamization in India |
| • | Theories of Islamization in Bengal |
| • | The Appearance of a Bengali Muslim Peasantry |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 2. Bengal under the Mughals |
| 6. The Rise of Mughal Power |
| • | The Afghan Age, 1537–1612 |
| • | The Early Mughal Experience in Bengal, 1574–1610 |
| • | The Consolidation of Mughal Authority, 1610–1704 |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 7. Mughal Culture and Its Diffusion |
| • | The Political Basis of Mughal Culture in Bengal |
| • | The Place of Bengal in Mughal Culture |
| • | The Place of Islam in Mughal Culture |
| • | The Administration of Mughal Law—the Villagers’ View |
| • | West Bengal: The Integration of Imperial Authority |
| • | The Northern Frontier: Resistance to Imperial Authority |
| • | East Bengal: Conquest and Culture Change |
| • | Notes |
| 8. Islam and the Agrarian Order in the East |
| • | Riverine Changes and Economic Growth |
| • | Charismatic Pioneers on the Agrarian Frontier |
| • | The Religious Gentry in Bakarganj and Dhaka, 1650–1760 |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 9. Mosque and Shrine in the Rural Landscape |
| • | The Mughal State and the Agrarian Order |
| • | The Rural Mosque in Bengali History |
| • | The Growth of Mosques and Shrines in Rural Chittagong, 1666–1760 |
| • | The Rise of Chittagong’s Religious Gentry |
| • | The Religious Gentry of Sylhet |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 10. The Rooting of Islam in Bengal |
| • | Inclusion |
| • | Identification |
| • | Displacement |
| • | Literacy and Islamization |
| • | Gender and Islamization |
| • | Summary |
| • | Notes |
| 11. Conclusion |
| • | Notes |
| 1. Mint Towns and Inscription Sites under Muslim Rulers, 1204–1760 |
| 2. Principal Muslim Rulers of Bengal |
| Select Bibliography |
| Primary Sources |
| • | Persian or Arabic |
| • | Bengali or Sanskrit |
| • | Chinese |
| • | European |
| • | Secondary Sources |
