APPENDIX B
LIST OF PRINCIPAL ACTORS

ASAKAI Koichiro. Career diplomat who held important positions in the CLO dealing with the occupation forces; later ambassador to the United States.

ASHIDA Hitoshi. Prime minister from March to October 1948 and head of the conservative Democratic Party, which formed a coalition government with the Sodalist Party in 1947.

ASO Kazuko. Daughter of Yoshida Shigeru, who often acted as his hostess and served him as adviser and confidante.

Joseph DODGE. Detroit banker who as a civilian adviser to General MacArthur beginning in 1949 supervised measures of budget and spending control— the "Dodge Line"—that significantly reduced inflation, helped stabilize Japan's economy, and prepared it for later economic growth.

William H. DRAPER, Jr. Under secretary of the army in 1947 and 1948 in charge of occupied areas; decided that the United States had to cut back the reparations and deconcentration programs in Japan and assist it to become self-supporting.

John Foster DULLES. Consultant to Secretary of State Dean Acheson in 1950-1952; played the leading part in negotiating a peace settlement with Japan; in 1953 became secretary of state in the Eisenhower administration.

Robert L. EICHELBERGER. Lieutentant general and commander of the Eighth U.S. Army from 1945 to 1947; had responsibility for the conduct of the occupation's civil affairs operations in Japan and for overseeing Japanese implementation of SCAP directives throughout the country.

HIGASHIKUNI Naruhiko. Imperial prince, general, and prime minister from August 17 to October 9, 1945.

IKEDA Hayato. Finance minister under Yoshida who survived a year of severe budgetary restraint imposed by the Dodge Line and served as prime minister from 1960 to 1964.

Charles L. KADES. Deputy chief of the SCAP GS from 1945 to 1948; the leading figure in the U.S. occupation effort to reform the constitutional and legal system of Japan along American lines.

George F. KENNAN. Eminent foreign policy planner and famous as author of the containment policy in 1946 for meeting worldwide communism; Kennan's policy paper for Japan, NSC 13/2, drafted in 1948, marked a significant turning point by emphasizing economic revival to help Japan achieve political stability and economic growth.

KONOE Fumimaro. Leading political figure who was three times prime minister before World War II; took poison in December 1945 before he was to be arrested as a Class A war criminal suspect.

Wolf J. LADEJINSKY. Russian-born agronomist; became a U.S. Department of Agriculture expert and later one of the principal architects of the highly successful occupation program for land reform in Japan.

Douglas MACARTHUR. Supreme commander for the Allied powers from 1945 to 1951 and the dominant figure of the occupation.

William F. MARQUAT. Career military officer and chief of ESS from Date 1945 to the end of the occupation; dealt with one of the most important and difficult operations in SCAP, handling labor, reparations, foreign trade, and the breakup of the zaibatsu.

NISHIMURA Kumao. Foreign Office treaty expert with great knowledge of the law; Yoshida's main technical adviser for the negotiation of the peace and security treaties.

Donald R. NUGENT. Former schoolteacher and U.S. Marine Corps reserve officer; served as second chief of CIE from late 1945 to the end of the occupation.

OKAZAKI Katsuo. Career diplomat who served as operational chief of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during most of the occupation; member of the Japanese delegation that went to Manila in August 1945 to discuss U.S. plans for the surrender; played a major role in the negotiations of the peace settlement and the administrative agreement.

Matthew B. RIDGWAY. Supreme commander for the Allied powers from April 1951 to the end of the occupation in April 1952.

William J. SEBALD. Longtime naval officer and later a lawyer in Japan who became the U.S. political adviser and chief of the SCAP DS in 1947 after George Atcheson, Jr., was killed in a plane crash; best known as the SCAP representative in the debates with the Soviet representative on the ACJ over Soviet failure to repatriate Japanese prisoners of war from Siberia.

SHIDEHARA Kijuro. Career diplomat who was prime minister from October 1945 to May 1946; served when living conditions were at their worst and when the SCAP reform program was at its most active.

SHIRASU Jiro. British-educated and aristocratic in appearance and manner; adviser to Yoshida, negotiator with the Americans, and vice minister of MITI in 1949.

SUZUKI Kantaro. Naval hero of the Russo-Japanese War, admiral, and prime minister from April to August 1945, when Japan made its decision to surrender.

TOJO Hideki. General and prime minister when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor; convicted of war crimes and hanged in 1948.

Courtney WHITNEY. Lawyer and MacArthur confidant; chief of GS during most of the occupation; played a key role in the purge and the revision of the constitution; adviser on MacArthur's political ambitions, Japanese rearmament, and aspects of the Korean War.

Charles A. WILLOUGHBY. Longtime intelligence officer who served with MacArthur throughout the Pacific War and in the occupation until MacArthur's relief in 1951; temperamental, strongly anticommunist, opposed to many of the reforms Whitney and others espoused, and widely criticized for his alleged failure to foresee the PRC invasion of Korea in October 1950.

Justin WILLIAMS, Sr. Historian and civil affairs officer; served in GS for almost the entire occupation; best known for his work in strengthening the role of the Diet in an effort to make it "the highest organ of state power."

YOSHIDA Shigeru. Prime minister four times, from May 1946 to May 1947 and from October 1948 to the end of the occupation; served a fifth term after the occupation; retired in December 1954; the dominant Japanese figure during the occupation.