M
Macapagal, Diosdado, 319 n3
Madrasah (pl. madari; Islamic schools):
in Cotabato, 199 ;
curriculum of, 326 n1;
definition of, 338 ;
establishment of, 133 , 134 , 135 , 202 -3, 205
Magindanaon ethnic group:
collective identity of, 30 ;
description of, 29 -30;
ethnographic accounts of, 297 n5;
naming of, 27 ; population size of, 29 , 35 ;
professions of, 36 ;
social organization of, 47 -48
Magindanaon language:
Christian speakers of, 36 ;
rally speech in, 239 ;
rebel songs in, 11 -12, 186 -91, 195 , 279
Maguindanao Province:
population of, 298 n12;
waterways closed in, 158
Magindanao Sultanate, 27 , 29 ;
founding of, 49 ;
peak of, 77 ;
rivalry with Buayan Sultanate, 70 , 78 , 83 ;
sociopolitical structure of, 71 ;
Mahad al-Ulum al-Islamia (Campo Muslim), 199 , 205 , 206 -7
Maharlika , 322 -23n27
Majul, Cesar Adib, 49 , 81 -82, 140 , 310 n27
Makaalang, Sarip, 49
Makabalang (labor boss), 125
Malaguiok, Amelil ("Commander Ronnie"), 208 , 214
Malaysia, Muslim separatist military training in, 148 , 155 , 160 , 172
"Mana Silan Cowboy" ("They Are Like Cowboys"), 187 -88, 190
Manday River, 32
Mangayaw (raiding), 309 n18
Manili Massacre, 151 , 154 , 155
Manobo ethnic group, bangaya slaves from, 73
Mantawil (sultan of Kabuntalan), 128
Maranao (Muslim) ethnic group:
impact of Islam on local ancestry of, 301 -2n10;
social organization of, 48 ;
titleholders of, 304 n21
Maratabat ("rank"), principles of, 51 , 54 , 101 , 256 , 270 , 303 n18, 338
Marawi City, attack on, 156
Marcos, Ferdinand:
antismuggling activities of, 123 , 160 ;
candidates picked by, 152 , 214 ;
collapse of regime under, 235 , 236 -38;
datu loyalty to, 161 , 162 -63, 166 -67, 168 -69, 213 , 216 -18, 231 -32, 234 ;
election of, 145 ;
fall of regime of, 3 ;
martial law declared by, 3 , 138 , 156 ;
and Muslim Independence Movement, 146 ;
Muslim nationalism after, 234 -68;
opposition to, 160 ;
opposition to Bangsamoro Rebellion, 165 -66;
reelection campaign for, 171 ;
and sectarian violence, 153 -54, 155 ;
as Sultan Tinamuman, 167 ;
surrender of Muslims rebel leaders to, 160 , 167 , 168 ;
as target of ethnic anger, 44 ;
Tripoli Agreement implemented by, 168
Marcos, Imelda, 218
Marriage contracts, development of, 213
Mastura (sultan of Magindanao), 98 , 313 n16, 314 n23
Mastura, Michael, 56 , 247 , 249 , 250 , 251 -52
Mastura, Tocao, 180 , 193 , 250
Matalam, Guiamid, 251 -52
Matalain, Tuting, 146
Matalam, Udtug, 128 -32, 137 , 138 , 144 -49, 155 , 156 , 157 , 161 , 331 n5
Matampay River:
description of, 32 ;
sanitation along, 299 n25
Maulid en Nabi (birthday of the Prophet), 222
Mecca, pilgrimages to, 129 -30, 133 ;
celebrations on returning from, 222
Melaka, Portuguese colonialism in, 69 , 80
Mercado, Elisio R., 155
MILF. See Moro Islamic Liberation Front
Mindalano (Maranao congressman), 134
Mindanao (Philippines):
American colonial settlement of, 90 , 114 -15;
Marcos-led development of, 166 ;
naming of, 27 ;
population of, 29 -32
Mindanao and Sulu Mohammedan Students' Association, 109
Mindanao Cross, 120 , 129 , 145 , 149
Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM), 320 n10, 321 n13
Ministry of Muslim Affairs (MMA):
English-language education funded by, 327 n7;
opposition to, 216
Miskin, Nur, 207 , 226 , 240 , 242 , 262
Misuari, Nur, 141 , 143 , 144 , 147 , 148 , 155 , 157 , 162 , 164 , 165 , 167 , 207 -8, 214 , 241 -42, 246 , 300 n1
MNLF. See Moro National Liberation Front
Moro Gulf, 27
Moro (Muslim ethnic) identity (Morohood):
American colonial encouragement of, 87 -88, 104 -12, 132 , 269 , 272 -78;
definition of, 80 -81, 143 , 164 , 338 ;
development of, 5 , 6 , 69 -85, 269 , 272 -78;
as mythic, 45 , 69 , 80 , 84 -85, 164 ;
postcolonial development of, 132 -37, 143 , 275 ;
practical, 283 -84;
among rank-and-file and civilian separatists, 4 , 171 , 183 -94, 226 -31;
and reintegration programs, 139 -43
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF):
community support for, 228 -29;
counterelite coalition in, 213 -16, 219 , 232 ;
election nonparticipation advocated by, 231 ;
in post-Marcos era, 234 -68;
"prayer rally" organized by, 241 -45, 266 ;
services provided by, 212 -13
"Moroland," 90
Moro-moro folk theater, 81 , 164
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF):
Aquino government recognition of, 241 -42, 246 ;
defections from, 160 , 167 , 168 , 179 -80, 185 , 193 -94, 196 ;
election nonparticipation advocated by, 230 ;
government opposition to, 167 ;
ideological and diplomatic strategies of, 163 -65, 167 ;
structure of, 157 ;
terrorist activities attribtited to, 181 , 324 n8
Moro Province, American colonial policy in, 90 -91
Mortuary rituals, traditional, 220 -23, 228
Mosques:
funding of, 205 ;
Islamic renewal preached in, 203 -4, 227 , 232 -33, 252 , 267 ;
transmission of dominant ideology in, 57
Muhammad (the Prophet), tracing descent from, 49 , 50 , 52 , 204 , 220 , 270
Muntia (magical stones), 316 n17
Murad, Hadji, 208 , 226 , 243 , 246 , 282
Muslim Association of the Philippines (MAP), 135 -36
Muslim autonomous regions:
created by Marcos, 168 ;
proposed, 3 , 145 , 164 , 245 -46;
referendum on, 334 n24
Muslim Filipino ethnic identity, 132 -33, 275 , 278
Muslim Independence Movement (MIM), 144 -49, 156
Muslim Nationalist League, 141
Muslim separatist movement:
ambivalence to, 294 n10;
development of, 138 -69;
factional infighting within, 3 ;
geographic distribution of, 2 -3;
as illegal, 2 ;
imaginative narratives of, 19 ;
Islamic renewal in, 7 , 186 , 200 -207, 232 , 252 , 267 , 270 , 280 -84, 330 n32;
leadership of, 1 , 6 -7, 139 ;
and new Muslim social identity, 13 ;
origin myths of, 45 ;
origins of, 3 ;
post-Marcos era of, 134 -68;
rank-and-file and civilian support for, 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 149 , 171 , 183 -94, 226 -31;
eportage of, 1 ;
use of popular politics by, 3 .
See also Bangsamoro Rebellion; Moro (Muslim ethnic) identity (Morohood)
Muslim social identity:
inclusivity of, 12 -13;
politicization of, 13 .
See also Moro (Muslim ethnic) indentity (Morohood)
Muslims, ordinary: definition of, 292 n3