The Making of a Heretic "d0e10568"

Index

A

Abortion, 95 , 209 -10n90

Acts of the Council of Saragossa , 25 -26;

judgments of, 33 -42;

literary form of, 30 -33, 178 -79nn42, 45,46;

scriptural justification in, 180 n51.

See also Council of Saragossa

Acts of the Council of Toledo , 28 , 30 , 104 , 109 -14, 211 n7.

See also Council of Toledo; Transcript of the Professions Held in the Council of Toledo against the Sect of Priscillian

Advent observances, 37 -38, 44 , 182 n68, 183 nn73,74

Aeschylus, 169 n26

Against Vigilantius (Jerome), 144 -45, 220 nn26, 32 , 221 n39

Agape, 135 , 139 , 140 , 154 , 155 , 221 -22n49

Agapetae , 150

Agapius, 118 , 120

Ambrose:

asceticism, 205 n51;

and Council of Aquileia, 203 n36, 204 n44;

and Council of Toledo, 105 , 106 ;

and Damasus, 90 , 91 , 206 n60;

and Gallic bishops, 89 , 204 n48;

and Gratian's rescript, 54 , 85 , 202 n28, 204 n47;

and Homoian rivals, 85 -88, 202 nn30-33, 203 nn36,38;

and Macedonius, 207 n70;

and Priscillian, 85 -86, 88 -89, 99 -100, 202 nn28, 29

and Trier trial, 96 , 187 -88n1;

on virgins, 185 nn88, 89 , 186 n93

"Ambrosiaster," 209 n90, 228 n146

Amidon, Philip, 178 n39

Ampelius, 28

Animals in scripture, 59 -61, 64 , 193 n64

Antony, 174 n76

Apocalypse of Elijah, 132

Apocryphal literature:

and Council of Saragossa, 29 , 55 , 193 n62;

and Council of Toledo, 107 -9;

Jerome on, 129 , 130 -32;

Priscillian's use of, 3 , 29 , 55 , 60 -61, 64 -65, 68 , 194 n72

Apocryphon of John , 61 , 64 , 194 n74

Apology (Ithacius), 95 -96, 126 -27, 134 , 218 n1

Apology (Palladius), 88 , 204 n46

Apology (Priscillian), 10 , 48 -50, 56 -69, 72 , 85 , 191 -92nn47-51

Aquitaine, 27 -28, 81 , 100 , 175 nn11,13, 185 n87, 198 -99nn1,3.

See also Bordeaux

Arian controversy, 16 , 70 , 90 , 167 -68n16;

and cosmology, 196 n113;

and Galla, 140 , 224 n86;

and Milan, 87 , 88 ;

and Rome, 90

Aristophanes, 170 n26

Aristotle, 7 , 169 n25, 187 n95

Armenius, 47 , 97

Asarbus, 78

Ascension of Isaiah, 132

Asceticism:

and Ambrose, 205 n51;

and authority conflicts, 13 -14, 18 -20, 57 , 76 -78, 143 -45, 149 , 156 ;

and clerical

― 244 ―

Asceticism (continued )

celibacy, 110 ;

and "confessor" title, 112 , 214 n55;

Council of Saragossa on, 28 -29, 35 , 37 -38, 39 , 40 -42, 71 , 87 , 97 ;

and diet, 142 , 225 -26n105;

female adherents, 40 -42, 82 -84, 111 -14, 142 , 152 , 154 , 157 , 201 nn20, 21;

Filastrius on, 89 , 205 n50;

and gender roles, 14 , 33 -34, 40 -42, 80 , 100 , 109 , 114 , 124 , 127 -28, 145 -48, 150 -51, 153 -55, 157 -59;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillian, 218 n5;

and interpretation of animals in scripture, 60 , 193 n64;

and Manichaeism accusations, 19 , 78 , 95 , 218 n5;

and Meridan conflict, 51 ;

monasticism, 20 , 39 , 120 , 141 , 151 , 152 -53, 156 , 173 nn69, 74;

and political alienation, 14 -15;

Priscillian's community, 26 -27, 29 , 34 , 36 , 51 , 178 -79n46, 179 -80n50, 182 n66;

and private prayers, 113 , 214 -15n59.

See also specific groups and topics

Aspegren, Kerstin, 171 n49

Asterius, Count, 117 -18, 216 n80, 217 n105

Astrology, 63 , 71 , 139 , 194 -95n82.

See also Cosmology; Gentile gods

Athanasius, 16 -17

Augentius, 28

Augustine, 166 n7;

and Council of Toledo, 211 n10;

and Dictinius, 108 , 212 -13nn36, 37, 218 n109;

and Manichaeism accusations, 97 , 199 n6, 209 n90;

and Tarragona inquisition, 115 -16, 120 , 215 n64, 217 n101

Ausonius, 82 -83, 98 , 100 , 199 -200nn5,6,8,11,12

Authority conflicts, 5 , 18 -20, 21 , 22 , 23 ;

and asceticism, 13 -14, 18 -20, 57 , 76 -78, 143 -45, 149 , 156 ;

and Ambrose, 87 ;

and Council of Saragossa, 35 -36, 39 -40, 44 -45, 87 ;

and Council of Toledo, 103 -4, 107 , 108 -9, 111 , 122 -24;

and demonology, 77 ;

and Galician society, 108 , 166 n6, 213 n39;

and gender roles, 113 , 123 -24, 128 , 215 n60;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillianism, 127 -28, 155 -57, 158 ;

and Jerome, 149 , 228 n145;

and lay teachers, 39 -40, 45 , 108 -9, 184 -85n85;

and public-private distinction, 11 -13, 87 , 92 , 145 , 173 -74n76;

and Severus, 143 -45;

and sorcery accusations, 171 n43;

and Tarragona inquisition, 121 , 123 .

See also Lay teachers; Public-private distinction

B

Babut, E.-Ch., 18 -19, 126 , 127 , 130 , 174 n2, 175 nn11,13, 179 n50, 190 n26, 191 n49, 198 n3, 199 n6, 205 n49, 218 n9, 219 n12, 221 -22n49

Bachiarius, 182 n68

Balch, David, 169 n23

Baldovin, John, 207 n65

Barbarian invasions, 86 , 166 n6, 213 n39;

and Tarragona inquisition, 120 , 123

Barbero de Aguilera, Abilio, 21 , 174 nn79-80, 192 -93n58, 208 n73

Basilides, 130 , 132 , 138 , 219 n10

Bassula, 142 , 147 , 224 n89, 225 nn99-102

Bauer, Walter, 171 n50

Bellerophon, 200 nn11,12

Binionites, 58 , 67 , 192 -93n58

Birley, A. R., 188 n1, 208 n77

Blaesilla, 229 n156

Body. See Human body; Material creation

Bonosus, 149

Book on the Faith and the Apocrypha (Priscillian), 48 , 49 , 60 , 64 -65, 76 , 129 , 132 , 220 n29

Bordeaux:

and Euchrotia, 82 , 83 , 84 , 99 , 201 n22;

and local conflict, 81 , 82 , 99 ;

Priscillian's first visit, 79 -80, 81 -84, 198 -99nn2,3;

route to, 198 nn1-3;

and sexual misconduct accusations, 83 -84;

and Urbica, 82 -83, 199 -200nn6,8,10-12.

See also Council of Bordeaux

Botte, D. B., 214 n55

Brictio, 226 n106

Britannius, 93

Brown, Peter, 11 , 168 n19, 187 n101, 197 n129, 201 n21, 228 n145

Bynum, Carolyn Walker, 186 n93

C

Canons of the Letters of the Apostle Paul (Priscillian), 77 , 176 n24, 184 n84, 197 nn131,133

Carterius, 28

Castelli, Elizabeth, 187 n98

Chadwick, Henry, 21 -22, 37 -38, 66 -67, 84 , 97 , 166 n8, 167 -68n16, 177 n34, 183 n73, 187 -88n1, 189 nn14,17, 190 n23, 191 -93nn48,58,62,64, 194 -95nn82,94, 197 n131, 201 nn22,25, 212 n27, 213 n41

Chromatius, 149

Chronicle (Prosper), 82 , 199 n6

Chronicle (Severus), 2 , 27 , 47 -48, 81 -84, 90 , 93 -94, 96 -98, 133 -38, 141 , 143 , 148

Clark, Elizabeth, 71 , 168 n19, 171 n49, 196 n118, 226 n117, 229 n156, 230 nn167,171

― 245 ―

Clerical celibacy, 110 , 112 -13, 189 n14, 214 n49

Codex Theodosianus , 190 n33, 191 n36, 211 n4

Comasius, 105 , 106 , 107

Commentaries on Isaiah (Jerome), 133 , 154

Confessors, 112 , 214 n55

Consentius, 103 , 115 -16, 121 , 212 nn36,37, 215 -16nn62,64,65,69

Conspiracy of Catiline (Sallust), 135 -37

Constantinian churches, 2

Constantius, 16 -17

Contraception, 95 , 209 -10n90

1 Corinthians, 34

Cosmology, 14 , 48 , 61 ;

and Arian controversy, 196 n113;

definitions of, 196 n116;

dualistic, 14 , 64 , 70 ;

and human body, 71 -72;

and nature of material creation, 3 , 70 , 72 -73, 167 n14, 196 n113.

See also specific topics

Council of Antioch (341), 198 n2

Council of Aquileia (381), 88 , 203 n36, 204 nn44,46

Council of Arles (353), 17

Council of Bordeaux (c. 384), 94 , 96 , 189 n20, 208 n81

Council of Elvira (c. 300-310), 178 n46, 180 n51, 210 n98, 214 n49

Council of Gangra (c. 340), 181 n60

Council of Hippo (393), 185 n88

Council of Milan (355), 17

Council of Rome (378), 206 -7n61

Council of Saragossa (380), 25 -46, 161 -62;

on Advent observances, 37 -38, 44 , 182 n68, 183 nn73, 74;

and apocryphal literature, 29 , 55 ;

on asceticism, 37 -38, 39 , 71 , 87 , 97 ;

attendance, 27 -28, 175 n13;

and authority conflicts, 35 -36, 39 -40, 44 -45, 87 ;

and Priscillian's Bordeaux journey, 81 , 198 -99nn2,3;

and Council of Toledo, 36 , 105 ;

on enforcement, 38 -39, 44 , 183 n76;

on eucharistic practices, 36 -37, 43 -44, 71 , 182 n66;

on gender roles, 33 -35, 100 , 114 ;

Hydatius' attacks on Priscillian during, 28 -30;

and imperial rescript, 204 n47;

on lay teachers, 39 -40, 45 , 184 -85nn82, 83, 85;

and Meridan conflict, 51 , 52 ;

on mixed-sex study groups, 33 -35, 43 , 44 , 178 -79nn46-48, 179 -80nn50, 52;

on monasticism, 39 , 184 nn79, 80;

Priscillian's report on, 30 , 48 , 55 -56, 176 -77n34;

procedure of, 31 , 178 n39;

and public-private distinction, 43 -46, 87 ;

on Sunday fasting, 35 -36, 43 , 44 , 180 n56, 181 -82n57-62;

on veiling of virgins, 40 -42, 45 , 186 n93.

See also Acts of the Council of Saragossa

Council of Toledo (400), 104 -14, 162 , 165 -66n6;

and authority conflicts, 103 -4, 107 , 108 -9, 111 , 122 -23;

on clerical celibacy, 110 , 112 -13, 214 n49;

and Council of Saragossa, 36 , 105 ;

and extralocal alliances, 109 , 213 n41;

on gender roles, 103 , 108 -9, 111 -14, 124 , 215 n60;

judgments of, 109 -14;

on Nicene canon, 110 , 214 nn46, 47;

preceding events, 105 -6, 211 nn12, 17;

procedure of, 106 -9, 178 n42, 212 n30;

sources for, 104 , 211 n7.

See also Acts of the Council of Toledo

Creation. See Material creation

Ctesiphon, 138 -40, 154

Cyprian, 190 n30

D

D'Alès, Adhémar, 140

Damasus:

and Jerome, 149 ;

and local rivalries, 90 -92, 99 -100, 206 nn58,60,61, 207 nn64, 68;

and Priscillian, 90 , 92 , 99 -100, 201 n26, 206 -7n61.

E

Ecclesiastes, 60 , 63 , 67

Egeria, 113 , 214 n59

Elm, Susanna, 184 n82, 186 n93

Elpidius, 78 , 175 n11, 198 n3;

and Council of Saragossa, 25 , 30 , 183 n76;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillianism, 135 , 139 , 140 , 221 -22n49

Elshtain, Jean Bethke, 8

Ephesians, 139

Epiphanius, 152

Esdras, 132

Eucharistic practices, 72 , 111 , 196 n118;

and Council of Saragossa, 36 -37, 43 -44, 71 , 182 n66

Euchrotia, 23 , 131 , 220 n19;

execution of, 2 , 47 , 97 -98;

identification of, 82 , 199 n5;

and Jerome, 132 , 140 , 221 n36;

and Priscillian's first visit to Bordeaux, 82 , 83 , 84 , 99 , 201 n22

Euripides, 169 -70n26

Eusebius, 149 , 171 n50

Eustathians, 181 n60

Eustochium, 150 -51, 152 , 229 n147

Euticius, 28

Evagrius Ponticus, 74 , 138 , 149 , 184 n82, 186 n93, 230 n171

Evodius, 97

Ezekiel, 139

F

Felicians, 201 n24

Felicissimus, 47 , 97

Felix, 90 , 206 n58

Fifth gospel, 68

Filastrius, 89 , 127 , 198 n3, 199 n6, 205 n49

Florentius of Merida, 17

Foley, Helen, 169 -70n26

Fontaine, Jacques, 182 n62, 198 -99n3, 225 n100

Frend, W. H. C., 21

Fronto, 115 , 116 -19, 120 -21, 122 , 215 n64, 216 -17nn69, 72, 77, 86, 92, 105

G

Galatians, 212 n24

Galla, 140 , 223 -24nn85, 86

Gallus, 145 -47

Gaul, 198 -99n3

Gender roles, 5 ;

agapetae , 150 ;

and Bordeaux, 99 ;

and Council of Saragossa, 33 -35, 100 , 114 ;

and Council of Toledo, 103 , 108 -9, 111 -14, 124 , 215 n60;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillian, 128 , 158 -59, 163 -64;

and gnostic as seducer, 137 , 154 , 158 -59, 223 n69;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 16 ;

and homoerotic imagery, 184 n82;

and Jerome, 128 , 145 , 150 -51, 153 -55, 227 n134, 228 n135, 229 n156;

and lay teachers, 184 n82;

mixed-sex study groups, 33 -35, 43 , 44 , 108 -9, 178 -80nn46-48,50,52;

and political alienation, 14 -15, 171 n49;

and publicprivate distinction, 7 -9, 12 , 43 , 89 , 128 , 151 -52, 157 , 159 , 169 nn25,26, 229 n156;

and Severus, 128 , 145 -48, 227 -28nn134, 135;

and Tarragona inquisition, 121 -22, 124 ;

and upper-class converts, 23 -24, 42 .

See also Sexual misconduct accusations; Women

Genesis, 68

Gentile gods, 61 -63.

See also Astrology

Gnosticism, 1 -2, 60 -61, 64 .

See also Apocryphal literature

Gnostic portrayal of Priscillian, 89 , 126 -40, 155 -59;

and apocryphal literature, 129 , 130 -32, 220 n29;

and authority conflicts, 127 -28, 155 -57, 158 ;

and gender roles, 128 , 158 -59, 163 -64;

and Ithacius' Apology , 126 -27, 134 , 218 nn1;

and Jerome, 126 -28, 129 -33, 138 -40, 157 -59;

and Lucinus, 130 -31, 219 -20n16;

and Manichaeism accusations, 127 , 133 , 138 -39, 157 , 218 n5;

and Mark, 127 , 130 , 131 , 133 , 139 -40, 218 n9, 219 nn10-12, 220 n21, 221 n40, 223 n83;

and seduction, 137 , 154 , 158 -59, 223 n69;

and Severus, 126 -28, 133 -38, 148 , 157 -59;

and sexual misconduct accusations, 136 -37, 139 , 140 , 223 -24n85

Gonzáles Blanco, Antonino, 184 -85n85

Gottlieb, Gunther, 202 nn30,32

Gratian, 9 , 80 , 91 ;

and Ambrose, 85 -86, 87 -88, 202 nn30,32;

Codex Theodosianus , 191 n36, 211 n4;

and Council of Aquileia, 204 n44;

and Priscillian's return to Spain, 94 , 207 n70.

See also Rescript of Gratian

Green, R. P. H., 200 nn8, 11

Greffe, Marie Odile, 181 nn58,59, 182 n62

Gregory (praetorian prefect), 84 , 93 , 201 -2n27

― 247 ―

Gregory of Elvira, 17

Gryson, Roger, 214 n49

H

Hedibia, 132 , 140 , 154

Heliodorus, 156

Herenias, 107

Heresy, 1 .

See also Heresy-orthodoxy discourse; specific topics

Heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 5 -6, 15 -18, 160 -61, 171 n50;

and gender, 16 , 33 -34, 128 , 131 , 137 , 139 -40, 148 , 153 -55, 158 -59;

and imperial patronage, 16 -17, 172 n59;

and Magnus Maximus, 17 , 208 n77;

and labeling of Priscillian, 49 , 77 -78, 102 , 109 , 115 , 120 -21, 122 , 126 , 155 , 157 -59;

Priscillian on, 55 , 57 -59, 65 -66, 68 , 77

Hess, Hamilton, 31 -32, 178 n39

Hilary of Poitiers, 148 , 167 -68n16, 182 n68, 197 n131

Himerius of Tarraco, 189 n14

Hispana , 31 , 104

History of Private Life (Duby), 6

Hoepffner, André, 206 n61

Homoian party, 8 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 202 nn31,33, 203 nn37,38, 205 n51

Hopkins, M. K., 209 n90

Human body:

and cosmology, 71 -72;

and dualism, 72 , 74 ;

holiness of, 3 , 167 n15;

transformation of, 74 , 75 , 197 n127.

See also Material creation

Hydatius (chronicler):

on Asterius, 216 n80;

and Council of Toledo, 108 , 211 n10;

on Galician society, 166 n6, 213 n39

Hydatius of Merida, 76 -78, 176 n20, 189 -90n23;

on apocryphal literature, 29 , 194 n72;

and clerical celibacy, 189 n14;

and Council of Saragossa, 27 , 28 -30, 52 , 183 n76, 199 n3;

and labeling strategies against Priscillian, 48 , 49 ;

and opposition in Merida, 51 -55;

and Priscillian's self-defense, 10 , 11 , 50 , 51 , 52 -53, 76 , 77 , 162 .

See also Rescript of Gratian

Hyginus, 27 , 28 , 52 , 175 n4, 176 n20

I

Imperial patronage of Christianity, 6 , 16 , 21 , 70 , 80

Innocent of Rome, 212 n30, 214 n47, 218 n109

Instantius, 192 n50;

and Council of Saragossa, 25 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 183 n76;

and Meridan conflict, 52 -53, 78 , 189 -90nn17,23;

return to Spain, 2 , 92 -94.

See also Bordeaux; Milan, Priscillian's visit to; Rome, Priscillian's visit to

Irenaeus, 15 -16, 126 , 127 , 130 , 131 , 137 , 171 n50, 194 n72, 218 n9, 219 nn10-12,16, 220 n21, 223 n69

Isaiah, 74 , 132

Isidore of Seville, 126 -27

Ithacius:

Apology , 95 -96, 126 -27, 134 , 218 n1;

and Council of Saragossa, 28 ;

and Gregory, 84 ;

and Mark, 218 n9, 219 nn10,12;

and Meridan conflict, 54 ;

and public-private distinction, 10 ;

and return to Spain, 93 , 94 , 100 ;

Severus' preference for, 201 n24;

and sorcery accusations, 38 , 57 , 66 , 67 , 78 , 174 n84, 183 n73;

and Trier trial, 95 -96, 199 n3, 210 n96

J

James, 40

Jerome, 4 , 126 , 129 -33, 138 -40, 148 -55, 166 n7, 214 n55, 223 n77;

on apocryphal literature, 129 , 130 -32, 220 n29;

ascetic life of, 148 -50, 156 , 228 nn140,143,145,146;

on cenobitic life, 151 , 152 -53, 229 n158;

and Euchrotia, 132 , 221 n36;

on gender roles, 145 , 150 -51, 153 -55, 227 n134, 228 n135, 229 n156;

and Lucinus, 130 -31, 132 , 219 -20n16;

and Manichaeism, 149 , 228 -29n147;

and Mark, 127 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 139 -40, 218 n9, 219 nn10-12, 221 n40, 223 n83;

on moral hierarchy, 153 -54, 230 n167;

and Origen, 132 , 153 , 227 n134, 228 n145, 230 n171;

on Phoebadius, 175 n13;

and Priscillian's visit to Rome, 90 , 205 n56;

vs. Severus, 133 -34;

on soul, 132 -33, 220 -21nn35,39;

and Tarragona inquisition, 210 n102;

and Theophilus, 157 , 230 nn163, 177 ;

on Tiberianus, 27 ;

on Vigilantius, 144 -45, 227 n118;

on women, 185 n88, 200 n10

John, 60

John of Jerusalem, 152

Jovinian, 153 , 205 n51, 230 n167

Jovinus, 149

Justin, 15 , 171 n50, 223 n69

Justina, 87

Juvenal, 200 n10

K

Krautheimer, Richard, 203 n39, 207 n68

L

Laeuchli, Samuel, 32 -33, 110 , 177 n46, 180 n51, 214 n49

― 248 ―

Latronianus, 47 , 98 , 198 n139

Lay teachers:

and authority conflicts, 39 -40, 45 , 108 -9, 184 -85n85;

and Council of Saragossa, 39 -40, 45 , 184 -85nn82,83,85;

and Council of Toledo, 108 -9, 111 , 122 -23;

and gender roles, 184 n82

Leadership and Community in Late Antique Gaul (Van Dam), 22

Le Boulluec, Alain, 171 n50, 223 n69

Lent, 35 -36, 43 , 44 , 180 n56, 181 nn57,59

Leo, 108 , 211 n10

Letter to Damasus (Priscillian), 26 -27, 49 -56, 64 ;

authorship of, 188 n8;

and Council of Saragossa, 30 , 48 , 55 -56;

on Manichaeism, 66 ;

and Milan journey, 84 , 201 nn25,26;

and Rome journey, 89 -90

Letter to Eusebius (Severus), 142

Letter to Eustochium (Jerome), 150 -51, 229 n147

Letter to Theodora (Jerome), 130 -31, 153 -54, 221 n40

Libanius, 11

Liberius, 90 , 206 n58

Libra (Dictinius), 108 , 116 , 212 -13nn36,37

Life of Martin (Severus), 141 , 142 -43, 144

Livy, 200 n10

Local rivalries, 47 -48, 52 , 174 n89;

Bordeaux, 81 , 82 , 99 ;

Milan, 85 -88, 99 -100, 202 nn30-33, 203 nn36,38, 204 nn44,46;

Rome, 90 -92, 99 -100, 206 -7nn58,60-61,64,68;

and upperclass converts, 22 -24

Lorenz, Rudolf, 173 n74

Lucifer of Calaris, 17

Luciferian faction, 17

Lucinus, 130 -31, 132 , 219 -20n16

Lucius, 28 , 31

Lyman, Rebecca, 196 nn113,116

M

Macedonius, 92 -93, 207 -8nn70,71,74

McLynn, Neil, 204 n46

Macrobius, 214 n55

Magic. See Sorcery accusations

Magnus Maximus:

and Council of Bordeaux, 94 , 96 ;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 17 , 172 n59, 208 n77;

and Priscillian's execution, 2 , 97 ;

and Trier trial, 80 , 93 -94, 96 -97, 210 n96

Maier, Harry O., 87 , 203 nn37-39, 206 n58

Manichaeism, 63 , 64 , 70 ;

and Ambrose, 205 n51;

imperial laws against, 54 , 190 n33;

and Jerome, 149 , 228 -29n147;

and Martin, 95 , 100 , 226 n106;

Priscillian's condemnations of, 65 -66, 72 , 167 n14;

and Priscillian's theology, 3 , 69 , 72 -73, 74 -75.

See also Manichaeism accusations

Manichaeism accusations, 2 , 22 , 193 n62;

and apocryphal literature, 55 ;

and Apology date, 57 ;

and eucharistic practices, 36 , 44 ;

Filastrius' role, 89 , 205 n50;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillian, 127 , 133 , 138 -39, 157 , 218 n5;

and Priscillian's execution, 174 n89;

and Priscillian's journey to Milan, 89 ;

and Priscillian's self-defense, 50 -51;

and Priscillian's return to Spain, 100 ;

Severus' omission of, 50 , 188 -89n9;

and sexual misconduct, 209 n90;

and sorcery, 49 , 59 , 67 ;

and Sunday fasting, 35 , 181 nn58,60;

and Trier trial, 95 , 96 ;

and unitive theology, 58

Marcella, 149 , 229 n156

Marcellinus, 220 n35

Mark, 96 , 127 , 130 , 131 , 133 , 139 -40, 154 , 218 n9, 219 nn10-12, 220 n21, 221 n40, 223 n83

Martin, Josef, 191 n48

Martin of Tours;

attacks on, 95 , 100 , 142 , 226 n106;

and gender roles, 145 -47, 148 ;

and Severus, 141 , 142 -43, 156 , 157 , 224 n89;

on Trier trial, 96

Material creation:

and Arian controversy, 196 n113;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 5 -6;

and Manichaeism, 70 , 72 -73, 75 , 167 n14;

and Origen, 6 , 71 ;

and Priscillian's theology, 3 , 167 n14.

See also Human body

Mathisen, Ralph W., 204 n48

Matthew, 40 , 212 n24

Matthew, John, 10 , 12 , 172 n59, 205 n56

Maximus. See Magnus Maximus

Men. See Gender roles

Meridan conflict, 50 -54, 98 -99, 190 n30;

and apocryphal literature, 55 ;

and clerical celibacy, 189 n14;

and Council of Saragossa, 51 , 52 ;

Instantius and Salvianus' role, 52 -53, 78 , 189 -90nn17,23;

and Letter to Damasus authorship, 188 n8;

and Priscillian's Bordeaux journey, 81 ;

and Priscillian's Milan journey, 85 ;

and Priscillian's ordination, 52 , 54 , 190 n26;

and Priscillian's theology, 76 , 78 ;

role of people in, 48 .

See also Rescript of Gratian

Metz, René, 185 n89

― 249 ―

Milan, Priscillian's visit to, 79 -80, 84 -89, 201 nn25,26, 202 n29, 204 n47;

Ambrose's position, 85 -89, 202 nn28-29;

and Gregory, 84 , 201 -2n27;

and local rivalries, 85 -88, 99 -100, 202 nn30-33, 203 n36, 204 nn44,46;

and public-private distinction, 85 , 87 -88, 203 nn38,39

Miller, Patricia Cox, 197 nn127,129

Minicius, 214 n47

Monasticism, 20 , 39 , 120 , 141 , 151 , 152 -53, 156 , 173 nn69,74.

See also Asceticism

Morin, D. G., 192 n50

N

Nag Hammadi corpus, 1 -2

Nautin, Pierre, 202 nn30,31

Nepotianus, 156

Nicene party, 16 -17, 70 ;

and Priscillian's theology, 3 , 167 -68n16.

See also Arian controversy

Nicolaitans, 58

Novatianists, 214 n46

O

On the Faith (Ambrose), 85 , 86 , 202 nn30,33

On Famous Men (Jerome), 129 , 149

Oribasius, 187 n95

Origen, 6 ;

and apocryphal literature, 132 ;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillianism, 138 ;

and Jerome, 132 , 153 , 227 n134, 228 n145, 230 n171;

and material creation, 71 , 74 ;

and Priscillian's theology, 76 , 197 n131

Orosius, 63 , 138 -39, 166 n7, 194 n78

Ortygius, 107 , 108 , 109 , 213 n41

Ossius, 17

Otium-officium distinction, 9 , 10 , 13

P

Pacatus, 98 , 199 n5

Pachomius, 152

Palladius, 88 , 204 n46

Parentalia (Ausonius), 82 -83, 200 n8

Patera, 133

Patricius, 97

Patripassianism, 58 , 193 n62

Patroclus of Arles, 115 , 120 , 121 , 215 n63

Patruinus, 110 , 214 n46

Paul, 74

Paula, 149 , 152 , 228 n147

Pauline Canons (Priscillian). See Canons of the Letters of the Apostle Paul

Paulinus, 13 , 147 , 198 n1, 200 n12;

attacks on, 142 , 226 n106;

and Delphinus, 175 -76n14, 201 n20;

and Jerome, 228 n143;

and Severus, 142 , 144 , 224 nn88,89, 225 -26nn103,105

Pelagianism, 164 , 187 n101;

Jerome on, 138 , 139 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 230 n171

1 Peter, 74

2 Peter, 60

Phoebadius, 28 , 175 n13, 185 n87;

and Council of Saragossa, 99 , 198 -99n3

Physiologus , 193 n64

Pietri, Charles, 206 nn58,60

Plato, 169 n26

Platonism, 70 , 74 -75, 197 n129

Pliny the Elder, 187 n95

Political alienation, 12 -15, 171 nn43,49

Pomponius, 143 -44

Postumianus, 143 , 145 -46

Priscilla, 211 n4

Priscillian:

episcopal ambitions of, 10 , 26 -27, 174 n2;

ordination of, 2 , 47 , 52 , 54 , 78 , 190 n26, 192 n51;

scholarship on, 2 , 18 -24.

See also specific topics

Priscillianism after Priscillian, 162 , 166 n6;

abstraction of, 122 ;

and authority conflicts, 124 -25;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 102 , 210 -11n2;

and imperial legislation, 211 n4;

new scholarly interest in, 2 ;

posthumous reverence, 2 -3, 102 , 165 -66n6, 172 n60;

and Tarragona inquisition, 116 , 216 n72;

use of label, 166 n7.

See also Gnostic portrayal of Priscillian;

specific topics

Priscillianist controversy during Priscillian's life, 4 ;

and anti-asceticism, 18 -19, 172 -73nn68,69;

and clerical celibacy issue, 189 n14;

and cosmology, 48 ;

Council of Bordeaux, 94 , 96 , 208 n81;

and ecclesiastical rigidity, 23 -24;

effects of Council of Saragossa on, 43 , 44 -45, 46 ;

Filastrius' representation of, 89 , 205 nn49,50;

Hyginus' role, 27 ;

and imperial patronage, 80 ;

and integration of upper-class converts, 23 -24;

and labeling strategies, 48 , 49 , 50 , 76 -77;

and power, 6 , 168 n19;

return to Spain, 2 , 92 -94, 100 , 207 -8nn70,71,73, 77,81;

role of laity in, 48 ;

sources for, 48 -50.

See also specific topics

Priscillian's execution, 2 , 3 , 162 ;

and Council of Saragossa, 47 ;

date of, 187 -88n1;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 17 , 172 n59;

implications of, 95 , 209 n84;

and Manichaeism accusations, 174 n89;

Severus on, 190 n32;

and sorcery accusations, 80 .

See also Trier trial

― 250 ―

Priscillian's self-defense, 48 , 56 -69;

and animals in scripture, 59 -61, 193 n64;

and apocryphal literature, 55 , 60 -61, 64 -65, 68 , 194 n72;

Apology composition, 56 -57, 191 -92nn47-51;

and ascetic community, 26 -27, 51 , 189 n10;

and asceticism, 29 ;

and Council of Saragossa, 30 , 48 , 55 -56, 176 -77n34;

and demonology, 59 , 63 -65, 67 , 68 ;

and gentile gods, 61 -63, 194 n78;

and heresy-orthodoxy discourse, 55 , 59 , 68 ;

and Manichaeism, 59 , 65 -66, 69 ;

rhetorical strategy in, 50 -51, 76 -77;

and role of laity, 48 ;

self-characterization in, 26 -27, 57 , 76 , 79 , 174 n2;

and sorcery accusations, 57 , 59 , 66 -67, 69 ;

and unitive theology, 58 , 68 , 192 -93n58.

See also specific works

Priscillian's theology, 69 -76;

and authority conflicts, 77 ;

baptismal creed in, 3 , 167 n11;

and dualism, 64 , 70 , 74 -76;

esoteric nature of, 21 -22;

heresyorthodoxy discourse in 17 , 172 n60;

and human body, 72 , 73 -74;

on lay teachers, 40 ;

and Manichaeism, 3 , 69 , 72 -73, 74 -75;

and material creation, 3 , 167 n14;

and Meridan conflict, 76 , 78 ;

and Origen, 76 , 197 n131;

and trinity, 3 , 58 , 68 , 167 -68n16, 192 -93n58;

unbegettability of the Son, 107 , 109 , 212 n27

Priscillien et le priscillianisme (Babut), 18 -19, 126

Procula, 83 , 95 , 99 , 137 , 140

Prosper, 82 , 83 , 100 , 199 nn5,6, 200 n8

Prudentius, 13 , 17 , 42 , 186 n93

Public-private distinction, 5 , 6 -12;

and attacks on Severus, 145 , 148 , 163 ;

and authority conflicts, 11 -13, 87 , 92 , 145 , 173 -174n76;

classical Athens, 7 -9, 169 nn23,25,26;

and Council of Saragossa, 43 -46, 87 ;

and Council of Toledo, 109 ;

as cultural construct, 7 , 168 -69n22;

and gender roles, 7 -9, 12 , 43 , 89 , 128 , 151 -52, 157 , 159 , 169 nn25,26, 229 n156;

late Roman empire, 9 -10, 170 n31;

and Milan, 85 , 87 -88, 203 nn38,39;

and political alienation, 12 -13;

and Rome, 91 , 92 , 206 n58.

See also Authority conflicts

Puech, A., 189 -90n23, 191 n47, 198 n3, 205 n49

Pythagoras, 82 -83, 200 nn10,11

Q

Quillen, Carol, 215 n62

R

Ramosy y Loscertales, José María, 179 -80nn48,50, 181 nn57,58, 183 nn73,74,76, 190 n26, 191 n49

Readers, 112 , 214 n56

Rebenich, Stefan, 226 -27n117

Regula fidei , 166 n7

Rescript of Gratian, 54 -55, 190 -91nn33,36,37;

and Ambrose, 54 , 85 , 202 n28, 204 n47;

dating of, 88 , 204 n47;

and Priscillian's self-defense, 55 , 56 ;

Severus on, 190 n32

Revelations, 60 , 67

Riddle, John, 209 -10n90

Romans, 60

Rome, Priscillian's visit to, 79 , 89 -92, 201 n25;

and Jerome, 90 , 205 n56;

and Letter to Damasus , 89 -90;

and local rivalries, 90 -92, 99 -100, 206 -7nn58,60-61,64,68;

and public-private distinction, 91 , 92 , 206 n58

Rousselle, Aline, 190 -91n36, 198 n2, 207 n70, 208 n74, 208 n81

Rufinus, 149 , 226 n117, 227 n134

S

Sabellius, 192 -93n58

Sagittius, 117 , 118 , 119 , 216 -17nn77,86

Sallust, 135 -37, 188 n2, 222 n57

Salvianus:

and Council of Saragossa, 25 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 183 n76;

death of, 93 ;

and Meridan conflict, 52 -53, 78 , 189 -90nn17,23

Schatz, Willy, 19 -21, 22 , 24 , 172 -74nn68,69,71,74,76, 228 n145, 230 n177

Second Creed of Sirmium, 17

Severa, 116 -17, 122 , 124 , 216 n69, 217 n107

Severus of Huesca, 117 -18, 119 , 216 n77

Severus, Sulpicius, 2 , 129 ;

on Council of Bordeaux, 94 ;

on Council of Saragossa, 25 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 39 , 43 , 176 -77nn20,34;

on gender roles, 100 , 145 -48;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillianism, 3 , 126 , 133 -38, 166 n7;

vs. Jerome, 133 -34;

on Meridan conflict, 54 , 189 n20, 190 n32;

omission of Manichaeism accusations, 50 , 188 -89n9;

on Phoebadius, 175 n13;

on posthumous reverence for Priscillian, 165 n6;

on Priscillian's background, 57 ;

on Priscillian's Bordeaux journey, 79 , 81 , 84 ;

on Priscillian's execution, 190 n32;

on Priscillian's Milan journey, 79 , 84 , 85 , 201 n24, 202 n29;

on Priscil-

― 251 ―

lian's Rome journey, 79 , 83 , 90 , 201 n25;

and Prosper, 199 n6;

on return to Spain, 93 , 207 n70;

and Sallust, 135 -37, 188 n2, 222 n57;

on sorcery accusations, 183 n73;

on Trier trial, 96 , 97 , 188 n1, 190 n32.

See also Severus, Sulpicius, ascetic life of

Severus, Sulpicius, ascetic life of, 13 , 141 -42, 156 , 224 nn88-93, 225 n97;

attacks on, 142 -48, 226 -27nn117,118,121;

daily routine, 142 , 225 -26n105;

and gender roles, 145 -48, 227 -28nn134,135;

women's participation in, 142 , 147 , 225 nn99-103

Sexual misconduct accusations, 49 , 182 n61, 193 n62;

and contraception/abortion, 95 , 209 -10n90;

and gender roles, 12 , 80 , 100 ;

and gnostic portrayal of Priscillianism, 136 -37, 139 , 140 , 223 -24n85;

and Nicolaitans, 58 ;

and Priscillian's Bordeaux journey, 83 -84;

and sorcery accusations, 80 ;

and Trier trial, 95 -96, 97 , 210 n98

Siricius, 97 , 105 , 106 , 208 n77

Soranus, 187 n95

Sorcery accusations, 49 , 193 n62;

and actual magical practices, 22 , 183 n73;

and Apology date, 57 ;

and authority conflicts, 171 n43;

and Council of Saragossa, 38 ;

and Manichaeism accusations, 49 , 59 , 67 ;

and Priscillian's execution, 80 ;

Priscillian's self-defense, 57 , 59 , 66 -67, 69 ;

and public-private distinction, 11 ;

and sexual misconduct accusations, 80 ;

and Trier trial, 95 -96, 97 , 100 -101, 210 nn96,98,99

Sotomayor, Manuel, 36 , 182 n66

Splendonius, 28

Stancliffe, Claire, 227 n134

Stephen of Rome, 190 n30

Syagrius, 117 , 118 , 119 , 216 -17n86

Symmachus, 207 -8n71

Symphosius, 28 , 110 ;

and Council of Toledo, 105 , 106 , 107 , 109 , 211 -12nn12, 17.

See also Symposius

Symposius:

and Council of Saragossa, 28 , 43 , 46 , 105 , 176 n17;

and Meridan conflict, 52 .

See also Symphosiu

Synod of Valence (374), 185 n87

T

Tacitus, 134

Tanaquil, 82 , 83 , 100 , 200 nn10,12

Tarragona inquisition, 103 -4, 115 -22, 162 -63, 216 -17nn63,92;

Asterius' role, 117 -18, 216 n80, 217 n105;

and authority conflicts, 121 , 123 ;

and barbarian invasions, 120 , 123 ;

Consentius-Augustine correspondence, 115 -16, 121 , 215 -16nn62,64,65, 217 n101;

covert book exchanges, 117 , 118 -19, 216 -17nn77,86;

and gender roles, 121 -22, 124 ;

and Priscillianism, 116 , 216 n72;

Severa's role, 116 -17, 122 , 124 , 216 n69, 217 n107.

See also Consentius; Fronto; Severus of Huesca

Theano, 82 -83, 200 nn10,11

Theodora, 130 , 131 , 153 -54

Theodosius, 17 , 172 n59, 204 n44, 205 n56

Theophilus, 157 , 230 nn163,177

Therasia, 142 , 147 , 200 n12, 201 n20, 225 nn102,103

Tiberianus, 27 , 78

1 Timothy, 34 , 40 , 67

2 Timothy, 122 , 124 , 126 , 133 , 134 , 136 , 137 , 139 , 150 , 152 , 154 , 158 -59, 220 n21

Titianus, 117 , 118 , 119 , 216 n77

Tractate on Exodus (Priscillian), 63 , 73 -74

Tractate on Genesis (Priscillian), 72 -73

Tractates (Priscillian). See Würzburg tractates (Priscillian)

Tranoy, Alain, 212 n17, 213 n41

Transcript of the Judgments of the Bishops of the Saragossan Council, October 4, 380. See Acts of the Council of Saragossa

Transcript of the Professions Held in the Council of Toledo against the Sect of Priscillian , 104 -9, 178 n42, 211 n7.

See also Council of Toledo

Trier trial, 80 , 94 -98, 199 n3;

controversy on, 102 ;

Severus on, 96 , 97 , 188 n1, 190 n32;

and sorcery accusations, 95 -96, 97 , 100 -101, 210 nn96,98,99.

See also Priscillian's execution

Trout, Dennis, 200 n12

Turribius of Astorga, 108 , 166 n7

U

Urbica, Pomponia, 82 -83, 94 , 99 , 199 -200nn6,8,10-12

Ursacius, 199 n6

Ursinus, 90 , 91 , 206 nn58,60,61

Ursitio, 118 , 119 , 120 , 217 n86

V

Valens, Julian, 86 , 87 , 203 n36

Valentinian I, 9 , 170 n31

Valentinian II, 208 n81

Valentinus, 219 n10

― 252 ―

Valerius, 28

Van Dam, Raymond, 22 -23, 48 , 166 n6, 167 n9, 174 n89, 210 -11nn2,12, 215 n62, 216 n72

Vessey, Mark, 197 nn131,133

Vigilantius, 144 -45, 226 -28nn117,118,121,134,135

Vollman, Benedikt, 21 , 178 -79n46, 182 n66, 189 n20, 190 n36, 191 nn50,51

Volventius, 93

W

Walking barefoot, 37 -38, 97

Wankenne, Jules, 215 n62

Weber, Max, 21 , 173 -74n76

Williams, Daniel, 188 n1, 202 nn31,33

Wisdom of Solomon, 60 , 72 , 73 , 74

Women:

and asceticism, 14 , 83 -84, 113 , 142 , 149 , 151 , 152 , 201 nn20,21, 225 nn99-103;

and menopause, 41 -42, 187 nn95,96;

sexuality as token of exchange, 42 , 187 n98;

sexual transgressions, 41 -42, 114 , 215 n60;

and teaching, 33 -34, 40 , 184 n82;

veiling of virgins, 40 -42, 185 nn87-89, 186 n91-93;

vulnerability to heresy, 131 , 155 , 220 n21.

See also Gender roles; Sexual misconduct accusations; specific women

Würzburg tractates (Priscillian), 2 , 3 -4, 36 , 48 , 162 , 166 -67n8.

See also Apology (Priscillian); Book on the Faith and the Apocrypha; Letter to Damasus; Tractate on Exodus; Tractate on Genesis

X

Xenophon, 169 nn25,26