REFERENCES
Aldwin, C., and Stokols, D. (1988). “The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8, 57–75.
Antonovsky, A. (1979). Health, stress, and coping.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Archea, J. C. (1985). “Environmental factors associated with stair accidents by the elderly.” Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 1, 555–569.
Ashton, J., Grey, P., and Barnard, K. (1986). “Healthy cities: WHO's New Public Health Initiative.” Health Promotion, 1, 319–324.
Barefoot, J. C., Dahlstrom, W. G., and Williams, R. B. (1983). “Hostility, CHD incidence, and total mortality: A 25-year follow-up study 255 physicians.” Psychosomatic Medicine, 45, 59–63.
Barker, R. G. (1968). Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior.Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Baum, A., Fleming, R., and Davidson, L. M. (1983). “Natural disaster and technological catastrophe.” Environment and Behavior, 15, 333–354.
Belloc, N., and Breslow, L. (1972). “Relationship of physical health status and health practices.” Preventive Medicine, 1, 409–421.
Berkman, L. F., and Syme, S. L. (1979). “Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents.” American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186–204.
Breslow, L. (1996). “Social ecological strategies for promoting healthy lifestyles.” American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 253–257.
Bullard, R. D. (1990). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality.Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Bureau of National Affairs. (1986). Where there's smoke: Problems and policies concerning smoking in the workplace.Washington, DC: Author.
Campbell, A. (1981). The sense of well-being in America.New York: McGraw-Hill.
Campbell, D. T. (1969). “Reforms as experiments.” American Psychologist, 24, 209–219.
Campbell, J. M. (1983). “Ambient stressors.” Environment and Behavior, 15, 355–380.
Cataldo, M. F., and Coates, T. J., eds. (1986). Health and industry: A behavioral medicine perspective.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” (1998). “Panel discussion on policy and environmental actions to promote physical activity.” Atlanta: Physical Activity and Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
“CEQA—The California Environmental Quality Act” (1986). Sacramento: Governor's Office of Planning and Research, State of California.
Christophersen, E. R. (1989). “Injury control.” American Psychologist, 44, 237–241.
Cohen, S., Evans, G. W., Stokols, D., and Krantz, D. S. (1986). Behavior, health and environmental stress.New York: Plenum.
Cohen, S., and Syme, S. L., eds. (1985). Social support and health.Orlando: Academic Press.
Cohen, S., and Williamson, G. M. (1991). “Stress and infectious disease in humans.” Psychological Bulletin, 109, 5–24.
Cottington, E., and House, J. S. (1987). “Occupational stress and health: A multivariate relationship.” In A. Baum and J. E. Singer, eds., Handbook of psychology and health:Volume 5. Pp. 41–62. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
DiGuiseppi, C. G., Rivara, F. P., Koepsell, T. D., and Polissar, L. (1989). “Bicycle helmet use by children: Evaluation of a community-wide helmet campaign.” Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 2256–2261.
Dooley, D., and Catalano, R. (1984). “The epidemiology of economic stress.” American Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 387–409.
Duhl, L. (1996). “An ecohistory of health: The role of “healthy cities.”” American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 258–261.
Edelstein, M. R. (1988). Contaminated communities: The social and psychological impacts of residential toxic exposure.Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Engel, G. L. (1976). “The need for a new medical model.” Science, 196, 129–136.
Eriksen, M. P., LeMaistre, C. A., and Newell, G. R. (1988). “Health hazards of passive smoking.” In L. Breslow, J. E. Fielding, and L. B. Lave, eds., Annual Review of Public Health, 9, 47–70. Palo Alto, Calif.: Annual Reviews, Inc.
Evans, G. W., ed. (1982). Environmental stress.New York: Cambridge University Press.
Evans, R. I. (1988). “Health promotion—Science or ideology?” Health Psychology, 7, 203–219.
Farquhar, J. W., Fortman, S. P., Maccoby, N., et al. (1985). The Stanford Five City Project: Design and methods. American Journal of Epidemiology, 63, 171–182.
Fawcett, S. B., Seekins, T., and Jason, L. A. (1987). “Policy research and child passenger safety legislation: A case study and experimental evaluation.” Journal of Social Issues, 43, 133–148.
Fielding, J. E., and Phenow, K. J. (1988). “Health effects of involuntary smoking.” New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1452–1460.
Firey, W. (1945). “Sentiment and symbolism as ecological variables.” American Sociological Review, 10, 410–418.
Florini, K. L., Krumbhaar, G. D., and Silbergeld, E. K. (1990, March). Legacy of lead: America's continuing epidemic of childhood lead poisoning: A report and proposal for legislative action.Washington, D. C.: Environmental Defense Fund.
Forgas, J. P. (1979). Social episodes: The study of interaction routines.New York: Academic.
Friedman, H. S., ed. (1990). Personality and disease.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Gardell, B., and Johansson, G., eds. (1981). Working life: A social science contribution to work reform.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Geller, E. S. (1984). “Motivating safety belt use with incentives: A critical review of the past and a look to the future. SAE Technical Paper Series 840326.” Warrendale, Pa.: Society of Automotive Engineers.
Geller, E. S. (1987). “Applied behavior analysis and environmental psychology: From strange bedfellows to a productive marriage.” In D. Stokols and I. Altman, eds., Handbook of environmental psychology:Volume 1. Pp. 361–388. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Geller, E. S. (1990). “Preventing injuries and deaths from vehicle crashes: Encouraging belts and discouraging booze.” In J. Edwards, R. S. Tindale, L. Heath, and E. J. Posavac eds., Social influence processes and prevention.Pp. 249–277. New York: Plenum.
Geller, E. S., Winett, R. A., and Everett, P. B. (1982). Preserving the environment: New strategies for behavior change.New York: Pergamon.
Glass, D. C., and Singer, J. E. (1972). Urban stress.New York: Academic.
Green, L. W. (1984). “Modifying and developing health behavior.” Annual Review of Public Health, 5, 215–236.
Greenberg, M. R. (1986). “Indoor air quality: Protecting public health through design, planning, and research.” Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 3, 253–261.
Greenberg, M. R. (1987). Public health and the environment: The United States experience.New York: Guilford.
Hancock, T., and Duhl, L. (1985). “Healthy cities: Promoting health in the urban context.” A background working paper for the Healthy Cities symposium. Lisbon, 1986. Copenhagen: WHO.
Hartig, T., Mang, M., and Evans, G. W. (1991). “Restorative effects of natural environment experiences.” Environment and Behavior, 23, 3–26.
Hedge, A. (1989). “Environmental conditions and health in offices.” International Review of Ergonomics, 2, 87–110.
Holahan, C. J., and Moos, R. H. (1990). “Life stressors, resistance factors, and improved psychological functioning. An extension of the stress-resistance paradigm.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 909–917.
“Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (1987). Status Report, December” , 1987. Washington, D. C.: Author.
Jeffery, R. W. (1989). “Risk behaviors and health: Contrasting individual and population perspectives. American Psychologist” , 44, 1194–1202.
Kaplan, R. M. (1990). “Behavior as the central outcome in health care.” American Psychologist, 45, 1211–1220.
Kaplan, S. (1983). “A model of person-environment compatibility.” Environment and Behavior, 15, 331–332.
Kaplan, R., and Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective.New York: Cambridge University Press.
Karasek, R., and Theorell, T., eds. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life.New York: Basic Books.
Keesling, B., and Friedman, H. S. (1987). “Psychosocial factors in sunbathing and sunscreen use.” Health Psychology, 6, 477–493.
Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., and Kahn, S. (1982). “Hardiness and health: A prospective study.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 168–177.
Krantz, D. S., Lundberg, U., and Frankenhaeuser, M. (1987). “Stress and Type-A behavior: Environmental and biological factors.” In A. Baum and J. E. Singer, eds., Handbook of psychology and health:Volume V. Pp. 203–228. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lindheim, R., and Syme, S. L. (1983). “Environments, people, and health. Annual Review of Public Health” , 4, 335–354.
Maccoby, N., and Alexander, J. (1980). “Use of media in lifestyle programs.” In P. O. Davidson and S. M. Davidson, eds., Behavioral medicine: Changing health lifestyles.Pp. 351–370. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Magnusson, D. (1981). “A psychology of situations.” In D. Magnusson, ed., Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective.Pp. 9–32. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Makower, J. (1981). Office hazards: How your job can make you sick.Washington, D. C.: Tilden Press.
McKinlay, J. B. (1975). “A case for refocusing upstream: The political economy of illness.” In A. J. Enelow and J. B. Henderson, eds., Applying behavioral science to cardiovascular risk.Washington, D. C.: American Heart Association.
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., and Glanz, K. (1988). “An ecological perspective on health promotion programs.” Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351–378.
Mendell, M. J., and Smith, A. H. (1990). “Consistent pattern of elevated symptoms in air-conditioned office buildings: A reanalysis of epidemiologic studies.” American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1193–1199.
Moos, R. H. (1976). The human context.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Moos, R. H. (1979). “Social ecological perspectives on health.” In G. C. Stone, F. Cohen, and N. E. Adler, eds., Health psychology: A handbook.Pp. 523–547. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Moos, R. H. (1987). The social climate scales: A user's guide.Palo Alto, Calif.: Consulting Psychologists Press.
“National Safety Council.” (1987). “Accident facts.” Chicago: Author.
Needleman, H. L., Schell, A., Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Allred, E. N. (1990). “The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood.” New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 83–88.
O'Donnell, M. P., and Ainsworth, T., eds. (1984). Health promotion in the workplace.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Pertschuk, M., and Shopland, D. (1989, September). Major local smoking ordinances in the United States. National Institutes of Health Publication 90479. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Pervin, L. A. (1978). “Definitions, measurements, and classifications of stimuli, situations, and environments.” Human Ecology, 6, 71–105.
Robertson, L. S. (1987). “Injury prevention: Limits to self-protective behavior.” In N. D. Weinstein, ed., Taking care: Understanding and encouraging selfprotective behavior.Pp. 280–297. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Robinson, N. (1990). “Sustainable development: An introduction to the concept.” In J. O. Saunders, ed., The legal challenge of sustainable development.Pp. 15–34. Calgary: Canadian Institute of Resources Law.
Rook, K. S. (1984). “The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097–1108.
Russ, N. W., and Geller, E. S. (1987). “Training bar personnel to prevent drunken driving: A field evaluation.” American Journal of Public Health, 77, 952–954.
Sallis, J. F., and Hovell, M. F. (1990). “Determinants of exercise behavior.” In J. O. Holloszy and K. B. Pandolf, eds., Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 18. Pp. 307–330. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Sarason, I. G., and Sarason, B. R., eds. (1985). Social support: Theory, research, and applications.Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
Sauter, S. L., Hurrell, J. J., and Cooper, C. L., eds. (1989). Job control and worker health.Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
Scheier, M. F., and Carver, C. S. (1985). “Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.” Health Psychology, 4, 219–247.
Schwartz, G. E. (1982). “Testing the biopsychosocial model: The ultimate challenge facing behavioral medicine.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 1041–1053.
Silver, C., and DeFries, R. (1990). One earth, one future: Our changing global environment.Washington, D. C.: National Academy of Sciences.
Stellman, J., and Henifin, M. S. (1983). Office work can be dangerous to your health: A handbook of office health and safety hazards and what you can do about them.New York: Fawcett Crest.
Stokols, D. (1978). “Environmental psychology.” In M. R. Rosenzweig and L. W.
Stokols, D. (1987). “Conceptual strategies of environmental psychology.” In D. Stokols and I. Altman, eds., Handbook of environmental psychology, Volume 1. Pp. 41–70. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Stokols, D. (1990). “Instrumental and spiritual views of people-environment relations.” American Psychologist, 45, 641–646.
Stokols, D. (1992). “Conflict-prone and conflict-resistant organizations.” In H. Friedman, ed., Hostility, coping, and health.Pp. 65–76. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.
Stokols, D. (1996). “Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion.” American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 282–298.
Stokols, D., Allen, J., and Bellingham, R. L. (1996). “The social ecology of health promotion: Implications for research and practice.” American Journal of Health Promotion, 10, 247–251.
Stokols, D., and Jacobi, M. (1984). “Traditional, present-oriented, and futuristic modes of group-environment relations.” In K. Gergen and M. Gergen, eds., Historical social psychology.Pp. 303–324. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stokols, D., and Novaco, R. W. (1981). “Transportation and well-being: An ecological perspective.” In J. Wohlwill, P. Everett, and I. Altman, eds., Human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research, Volume 5: Transportation environments.Pp. 85–130. New York: Plenum.
Stokols, D., and Shumaker, S. (1981). “People in places: A transactional view of settings.” In J. Harvey, ed., Cognition, social behavior and the environment.Pp. 441–488. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stokols, D., Shumaker, S., and Martinez, J. (1983). “Residential mobility and personal well-being.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 5–19.
Syme, S. L. (1990). “Health promotion: Old approaches, new choices, future imperatives.” Presented at Conference on “The New Public Health: 1990,” Los Angeles, April.
Syme, S. L., and Berkman, L. F. (1976). “Social class, susceptibility and sickness.” American Journal of Epidemiology, 104, 1–8.
Taylor, R. B. (1987). “Toward an environmental psychology of disorder: Delinquency, crime, and fear of crime.” In D. Stokols and I. Altman, eds., Hand book of environmental psychology.Pp. 951–986. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Taylor, S. E., and Brown, J. D. (1988). “Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.” Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193–210.
Temoshok, L. (1985). “Biopsychosocial studies on cutaneous malignant melanoma: Psychosocial factors associated with prognostic indicators, progression, psychophysiology, and tumor-host response.” Social Science and Medicine, 20, 833–840.
“U. S. Public Health Service” (1979). Healthy people: The Surgeon General's report on health promotion and disease prevention. DHEW Publication (PHS) 79-55071. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
“U. S. Public Health Service.” (1991). Healthy People 2000: National health promotion and disease prevention objectives. PHHS Publication (PHS) 91-50212. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office.
Vaughan, E. (1993). “Individual and cultural differences in adaptation to environmental risks.” American Psychologist, 48, 673–680.
Watson, D., and Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). “Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.” Psychological Review, 96, 234–254.
Weinstein, N. D., ed. (1987). Taking care: Understanding and encouraging selfprotective behavior.New York: Cambridge University Press.
Weiss, S. M. (1991). “Health at work.” In S. M. Weiss, J. E. Fielding, and A. Baum, eds., Perspectives in behavioral medicine: Health at work.Pp. 1–10. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Williams, A. F., Karpf, R. S., and Zador, P. F. (1983a). “Variations in minimum licensing age and fatal motor vehicle crashes.” American Journal of Public Health, 73, 1401–1403.
Williams, A. F., Zador, P. L., Harris, S. S., and Karpf, R. S. (1983b). “The effect of raising the legal minimum drinking age on fatal crash involvement.” Journal of Legal Studies, 12, 169–179.
Wilson, E. O., and Peter, F. M., eds. (1988). Biodiversity.Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
Winett, R. A., King, A. C., and Altman, D. G. (1989). Health psychology and public health: An integrative approach.New York: Pergamon.
“World Commission on Environment and Development.” (1987). Our common future.New York: Oxford University Press.
“World Health Organization.” (1984). Health promotion: A discussion document on the concept and principles. Health Promotion, 1, 73–76.