1. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

2. Basel Ghattas, “Planning Problems and Implementation of Solutions for Effluent Treatment in the Rural Sector from the Local Point of View,” Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel: Symposium Proceedings, ed. Khatam K'naneh (Rama: Galilee Society, 1988), p. 46.

3. Ghattas,op. cit.

4. Galilee Society,Health for All? (Shefa Amr: Galilee Society, 1993), educational video.

5. Ghattas,op. cit.

6. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

7. Ibid.

8. Figures from The Sociology of the Palestinians, eds. Khalil Nakhleh and Elia Zureik (London: Croom Helm, 1980), p. 66.

9. Baruch Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal,Palestinians: The Making of a People (New York: Free Press, 1993), p. 127.

10. The Israeli Arab population is located primarily in the Galilee and in the so-called triangle near the center of the country. Israel's Bedouin, who technically are Arab but who remain a distinct ethnic group with a particular identity (for instance, generally serving in Israel's army), are primarily con-centrated in the south of Israel.

11. Howard Sachar, “The Seeds of Arab-Jewish Confrontation,” in A History of Israel (New York: Knopf, 1976), pp. 163–167.

12. For example, Exodus 12:49, 20:10, 22:20, 23:9; Leviticus 19:10, 19:33–19:34, 23:22, 24:22; Deuteronomy 10:18–19, 27:19.

13. Kimmerling and Migdal,op. cit., p. 161.

14. Peter Hirschberg, “Road Rage,”Jerusalem Report, May 8, 2000, p. 24.

15. Magad el-Haj, “The Arab Village in Israel: General Lines,”Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel, p. 8.

16. Kimmerling and Migdal,op. cit., p. 174.

17. Ian Lustick,Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's Control of a National Minority (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980).

18. Meron Benvenisti,Intimate Enemies: Jews and Arabs in a Shared Land (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), p. 106.

19. Ibid, p. 165.

20. Elia T. Zureik,The Palestinians in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonialism (Boston: Rutledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 178, as cited in Kimmerling and Migdal,op. cit., p. 352.

21. Dan Rabinowitz,Overlooking Nazareth: The Ethnology of Exclusion in Galilee (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 13–14.

22. David Kretzmer,The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel (Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1990).

23. Environmental Justice: Issues, Policies, Solutions, ed. Bunyant Briant (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1995); see also Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color, ed. Robert D. Bullard (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1994).

24. “The Alazama Tribe Members Petitioned the High Court of Justice against the Intent to Remove Them from Ramat Hovav,”Davar, December 21, 1994.

25. Golda Meir,My Life (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975), pp. 231–232.

26. Fuad Farah, “Problems of Sewage Reuse in the Arab Sector in Israel,” Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel, p. 33.

27. Interview with Dr. Diab Shahir, Tamara, March 9, 1999. The odors and water contamination associated with the pig operations in the Ibalin region, for example, have been the focus of litigation for over a decade. Richard Laster, Hebrew University Law School, “Treatment of Piped Water from a Legal Perspective,” 1988, unpublished manuscript.

28. el-Haj,op. cit., p. 8.

29. Interview with Dror Amir, Tel Aviv, January 7, 1999.

30. Mahmud Ka'abiah, personal communication, July 12, 1993.

31. Yaakov Garb, “The Challenge of Sustainable Transport for Israel and Palestine,”Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 5, no. 1 (1998): p. 60.

32. Ministry of Health data provided in Meron Epstein, “Rise in Cancer Morbidity and Mortality,” in Israel: Vital Signs2000 (Tel Aviv: World Watch/Heschel Center for Environmental Learning and Leadership, 2000), p. 159.

33. Gary Ginsburg, personal communication, August 28, 1998.

34. Lustick,op. cit., p. 167.

35. Dalia Schwartz and Sharon Nussbaum,Water in Israel: Consumption and Production, 1996 (Tel Aviv: Israel Water Commission, 1998).

36. Interview with Dr. Fayad Sheabar, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

37. Adam Teva V'din,Annual Report, 1992 (Tel Aviv: Adam Teva V'din, 1993), p. 8.

38. Michael Sofer and Ram Gal, “Environmental Implications of Penetration of Non-agricultural Businesses to Moshavim,”Horizons in Geography 42–43 (1995): 39–50.

39. “The Kadmon Report,” officially known as “Additional Production Activities in the Family Farm, Planning, Physical and Organizational Aspects,” submitted to the Minister of Agriculture, Tel Aviv, 1994.

40. Interview with Dr. Fayad Sheabar, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

41. State Comptroller's Office,Report Number 46 (Jerusalem: State Comptroller's Office, 1996).

42. Yaakov Eran, “Health Aspects of Waste Treatment and Reuse in Village Regions,”Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel, p. 40.

43. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

44. Farah,op. cit., p. 33.

45. Interview with Mohamad Rabah, Director of Um el-Fahm Municipal Environment Unit, January 22, 2002.

46. Ibid.

47. Farah,op. cit., p. 34.

48. Naim Daoud,Survey Assessing the State of Arab Sewage in the Triangle (Shefa-Amr: Galilee Society, 1997).

49. Farah,op. cit., p. 34

50. David Gabrielli, “Engineering, Economic and Organizational Aspects of Planning Problems and Implementation of Solutions in Treatment of Wastes in Village Regions,” lecture synopsis in Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel, p. 41.

51. Ghattas,op. cit., p. 45.

52. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

53. Lustick, op. cit., p. 105.

54. Galilee Society,Health for All? (Shefa Amr: Galilee Society, educa-tional video, 1993).

55. Khatam K'naneh, “Human Health Savings Resulting from Central Sewage Systems in the Arab Village,”Solutions for Disposal, Treatment and Reuse of Wastes in Rural Areas of Israel, pp. 15–16.

56. Report of the Committee to Assess the Water Pollution in the Krayot, Biosphera (July 1985): 5–16.

57. Shaul Ephraim Cohen,The Politics of Planting (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).

58. David Harris, “JNF Fears Arab Purchases under Proposal,”Jerusalem Post, May 22, 1997, at www.jpost.com.

59. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997; see also Ziv Maor, “Israel Lands Authority and Jewish National Fund Are Finally to Separate,”Ha-Aretz, November 4, 1998.

60. Cohen,op. cit.; Walter Lehn,The Jewish National Fund (London: Kegan Paul International, 1988), pp. 16–18.

61. Shirli Golan Meiri, “A Stroke of Fire,”Yediot Ahronot, October 14, 1998, pp. 1–7.

62. Yael Danieli and Felix Frish, “The Foresters Chased the Arsonists and Discovered a Plan for Burning Forests,”Maariv, October 29, 1998, p. 20.

63. Efraim Orni,Afforestation in Israel (Jerusalem: Sivan Press, 1969), p. 58.

64. Land Development Authority,Annual Report, 1996 (Jerusalem: Keren Kayemet L'Yisrael, July 1997), p. 25.

65. Avshalom Rokach and Haim Zaban, “Forty Years of Land Development and Afforestation in Israel,” JNF reprint from Ariel, a Review of Arts and Letters in Israel, no. 75 (1989): 23.

66. Land Development Authority,op. cit., p. 24.

67. Yael Danielli, “Record Response to the JNF and Ma'ariv Campaign to ‘Return the Green to the Carmel,’”Maariv, October 20, 1998.

68. Interview with Mahmoud Gazawi, Tel Aviv, January 13, 1998.

69. Meir Barzilai, personal communication, December 3, 2001.

70. Mahmoud Gazawi,SPNI News (Spring 1996), p. 1.

71. Orit Nevo, “Conference of the Arab Sector,”Teva v'Aretz, June 1993, p. 42.

72. Interview with Yossi Leshem, London, September 21, 1997.

73. Interview with Mahmoud Gazawi, Tel Aviv, January 13, 1998. Sunfrost is a leading Israeli frozen food maker.

74. Ibid.

75. Uzi Paz,Nature Reserves in Israel 2 (Givataim: Masada, 1981), p. 101.

76. Beit Ja'an Local Council,Beit Ja'an, promotional material, 1998.

77. Interview with Salah Raid, Beit Ja'an, October 21, 1998.

78. Yoav Sagi, “Enough of the Sad War,”Teva v'Aretz 30 (August 1988): 11.

79. Interview with Dan Perry, Tel Aviv, September 4, 1997.

80. Batsheva Tsur, “Twenty-five Hurt in Supreme Court Protest,” Jerusalem Post, July 21, 1997.

81. “Druze Land Day,”Maariv, July 21, 1997.

82. Beit Ja'an Local Council and the Society for the Protection of Nature, Compromise Agreement between the Nature Reserve and Parks Authority, March 11, 1998.

83. Interview with Asad Dabur, Beit Ja'an, October 21, 1998.

84. Interview with Aviva Rabinovich, Kibbutz Kabri, January 11, 1998.

85. Daniel Hillel, “The Bedouin,” in The Negev: Land, Water, and Life in a Desert Environment (New York: Praeger, 1982), p. 202.

86. “Because rainfall is sketchy, there was never enough pasture for the flocks in a single place. Bedouins had to seek pastures, so they migrated, which meant they had to travel light. The less they had, the better.” Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

87. David Grossman, “The Felah and the Bedouin at the Edge of the Desert: Relations and Strategies for Survival,” in The Bedouin Settlement in Israel, ed. David Grossman (Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University Press, 1995), p. 31.

88. Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

89. T. Ashkenazi,The Bedouin: Their Origins, Lives and Practices (Jerusalem: Reuven Mas, 1974).

90. Eliyahu Babai, “The Situation of the Bedouins in Israel,”Karka 42 (October 1996): 79.

91. Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

92. Babai,op. cit, pp. 75–80.

93. Yosef Ben-David, “Adaptation through Crisis: Social Aspects of Bedouin Urbanization in the Negev,” in The Bedouin Settlement in Israel, pp. 48–49.

94. Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

95. A. Shmueli, “Bedouin Rural Settlement in Eretz-Israel,” in Geography in Israel, ed. D. H. K. Amiran and Y. Ben-Arieh (Jerusalem, 1976), pp. 308–326.

96. Zvi Alush, “Kisifiyeah: ‘We're Second Class Citizens,’”Yediot Ahronot—24 Hour Supplement, January 20, 1998, p. 6.

97. Interview with Alon Galili, Sdeh Boqer, January 3, 1998.

98. Ibid.

99. Ibid.

100. Ibid.

101. For example, one 1979 Jerusalem reporter spoke of “…bullying and in-timidation by patrolmen carrying court evacuation edicts recurring with alarming frequency. Units have been known to swoop down on encampments, confiscating or scattering herds, destroying property, and threatening women and children with loaded pistols.” Harry Wall,Jerusalem Post, February 23, 1979.

102. Interview with Farkhan Shlebe, Sfinat Midbar, January 6, 1998.

103. Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

104. Interview with Dan Perry, Tel Aviv, September 4, 1997.

105. “Shepherds and Wise Men,”New Scientist, December 23/30, 1995, pp. 25–27.

106. Interview with Aviva Rabinovich, Kibbutz Kabri, January 11, 1998.

107. Ibid.

108. Babai,op. cit., p. 80.

109. Interview with Alon Galili, Sdeh Boqer, January 3, 1998.

110. Woods and Forest Ordinance, 1920, sec. 14 (h),Laws of Palestine, 1925. The Ordinance, as well as its 1926 amendment, prohibited “pasturing or al-lowing cattle (e.g., sheep and goats) to trespass.” The provision remains in force today.

111. For years the sira kotzanit, a thick and thorny plant, was controlled in the Galilee by grazing goats. Once the animals were removed, the plant over-whelmed weaker species, and wildlife had a hard time penetrating the thickets. Donny Orenstein, personal communication, December 8, 1997.

112. Avi Pervolotsky, “The Connection between Grazing and Nature Preservation in Israel,”Ecology and Environment 3 (1997): 247.

113. Interview with Clinton Bailey, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

114. Yosef Ben-David, “Adaptation through Crisis, Social Aspects of Bedouin Urbanization in the Negev,” in The Bedouin Settlement in Israel, p. 55.

115. Babai,op. cit., pp. 76–80.

116. Dov Khenin, et al., in Israel: Vital Signs 2000, pp. 157, 171.

117. Avinoam Meir and Yosef Ben-David, “Demographic Trends among the Urbanizing Bedouins of the Negev,” in The Bedouin Settlement in Israel, pp. 83, 86.

118. Aliza Arbeli, “Why Shouldn't They Vote for Shas?”Ha-Aretz, Friday, September 11, 1998.

119. Giselle Hazzan, presentation, Ein Afek, December 5, 2001.

120. Elli Elad, “The First Environmental Unit Is Dedicated in Sachnin,” Ha-Aretz, April 20, 1993.

121. Boaz Kabel, personal communication, June 11, 2000.

122. Interview with Dror Amir, Tel Aviv, January 7, 1999.

123. Interview with Dr. Fayad Sheabar, Kibbutz Ketura, December 1, 1997.

124. Interview with Dr. Diab Shahir, Tamara, March 9, 1999.

125. Benvenisti,op. cit., p. 85; see also Sarah Graham-Brown, “The Economic Consequences of the Occupation,” in Occupation: Israel over Palestine, ed. Naseer Aruri (London: Zed Books, 1984), pp. 167–222; and Henry Cattan,The Palestine Question (London: Croom Helm, 1988).

126. Howard M. Sachar,A History of Israel (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976), p. 672.

127. Vivian A. Bull, “The Agricultural Sector” and “General Economic Development of the West Bank Territory,” in The West Bank: Is It Viable? (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1975), pp. 37–89.

128. Sachar,op. cit., pp. 687–688.

129. Hillel Shuval, “Towards Resolving Conflicts over Water between Israel and Its Neighbors: The Israeli-Palestinian Shared Use of the Mountain Aquifer as a Case Study,” in Between War and Peace: Dilemmas of Israeli Security (London: Frank Cass, 1996), p. 226.

130. Yisrael Tomer, “Tumultuous Waters at the Economics Committee,” Yediot Ahronot, October 20, 1993.

131. Alfred Abed-Rabbo and David Scarpa, “Assessing Pollution in the Mountain Aquifer and the Drinking Water It Supplies” (Bethlehem: Bethlehem University, 1995).

132. Jad Isaac, “Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Palestine,” in Our Shared Environment, eds. R. Twite and J. Isaac (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1994), p. 17.

133. Alfred Abed-Rabbo, personal communication, December 1997.

134. Karen Assaf, “Palestinian Water Resources: Water Quality,” in Our Shared Environment, eds. R. Twite and J. Isaac (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1994), p. 296.

135. Dror Avisar,The Impact of Pollutants from Anthropogenic Sources within a Hydrologically Sensitive Area—Wadi Rabba Watershed—Upon Ground Water Quality (Tel Aviv: Adam Teva V'din, 1996), p. 18.

136. Tariq Talahmeh, personal communication, May 14, 2000.

137. Karen Assaf, “Environmental Law and Its Enforcement in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza,” in Our Shared Environment, eds. R. Twite and J. Isaac (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1994), p. 115.

138. Liat Collins, “Environmental Law to Be Enforced in Judea and Samaria,”Jerusalem Post, October 18, 1998.

139. Abed el-Rahman Tamimi, “Waste Water Options and Solutions,” Campaigning for Our Environment, Eilat conference proceedings (Jerusalem: EcoPeace, 1997), p. 74.

140. Tomer,op. cit.

141. Amira Hess, “Water Pressure in the West Bank Rises, Sharon Says Palestinian Excuses Are All Wet,”Ha-Aretz, August 19, 1998.

142. A newspaper editorial opined, “As far as the water wastage and leak-age argument is concerned, Israel was responsible, over a period of 26 years, for the water systems in the territories, including the development budgets that were supposed to upgrade the water networks there.” “Water Shortage in the Territories,” editorial, Ha-Aretz, August 20, 1998.

143. Amira Hess, “Israel to Ease West Bank Water Shortage, Water Tanks to Be Placed in Driest Areas,”Ha-Aretz, August 24, 1998.

144. Shuval, op. cit.

145. Oded Lipshitz, “Agriculture, Water and Much Adrenaline,”El ha-Mishmar, Musaf, August 25, 1992.

146. Mohammed Ajjour, “Introduction to the Gaza Environmental Profile,” in Our Shared Environment—The Conference 1994, ed. R. Twite and R. Menczel (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1995), pp. 121–126; see also Reitse Koopmans, “Environmental Problems in the Gaza Strip,” ibid., pp. 126–137.

147. Benvenisti,op. cit., p. 218.

148. These consist of the following: the Yarkon-Taninim Western Basin, the largest subaquifer, which spans the West Bank and the center of Israel; the Nablus-Gilboa Northeastern Basin, a subaquifer north of the Samaria moun-tains; and the Eastern Subaquifer, located almost entirely in the West Bank. See Shuval,op. cit., pp. 216–219.

149. See Eyal Benvenisti and Haim Gvirtzman, “Harnessing International Law to Determine Israeli-Palestinian Water Rights: The Mountain Aquifer,” Natural Resources Journal 33 (1993): 552–556.

150. Shuval,op. cit., p. 220.

151. Deborah Housen-Couriel and Moshe Hirsch, “Aspects of the Law of International Water Resources,” in Environmental Quality and Ecosystem Stability, ed. A. Adin, A. Gasith, and B. Fattal (Jerusalem: Israel Society for Ecology and Environmental Quality Sciences, 1992).

152. Dalia Mazori, “Unholy Waters,”Maariv, October 22, 1993.

153. To name a few: Tony Allan,The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy (London: I. B. Tauris, 2002); Sharif S. Elmusa,Water Conflict: Economics, Politics, Law and the Palestinian-Israeli Water Resources (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1997); Water and Peace in the Middle East, ed. J. Isaac and H. Shuval (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994); Karen Assaf, Nader al-Khatib, Elisha Kallay, and Hillel Shuval, A Proposal for the Development of a Regional Water Master Plan (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1993);Management of Shared Groundwater Resources: The Israeli-Palestinian Case with International Perspective, ed. Eran Feitelson and Marwan Haddad (Ottawa: International Development Research Center, 2001); Arnon Soffer, “The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict over Water Resources,”Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture 5, no. 1 (1998): 43–54; and Deborah Housen-Couriel,Legal and Administrative Aspects of the Establishment of a Regional Water Authority for the Jordan River Basin (Tel Aviv: Armand Hammer Fund for Economic Cooperation in the Middle East, 1995).

154. Feitelson and Haddad,op. cit.

155. Soffer,op. cit., p. 47.

156. Amiram Cohen, “Peres Will Present Projects in America for Expanding Water Sources for Israel and Jordan,”Ha-Aretz, October 4, 1994.

157. David Chayon and Yaakov Ben Amir, “Shimon Peres: The Turkish Proposal for Supplying Water Is Being Checked Seriously; Yaakov Zur: It's Not Practical,”Globes, October 20, 1993.

158. Jitzchak P. Alster, “Water in the Peace Process: Israel-Syria-Palestinians,”Justice, no. 10 (September 1996): 6–8.

159. Haim Gvirtzman, “The Jewish-Arab Water Conflict: Hydrological and Jurisdictional Perspective,”Water 10 (1995): 32–40.

160. Aharon Zohar and Yehoshua Schwartz,The Water Problem in the Framework of the Arrangements between Israel and the Arab Countries (Tel Aviv: Tahal, 1993).

161. The Gaza Strip and Jericho Agreement, May 4, 1994 (article 31 of Annex II); see also Moshe Hirsch, “Environmental Aspects of the Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area,”Israel Law Review 28, no. 2–3 (1994): 374–401.

162. Alster,op. cit., pp. 6–8.

163. Ibid.

164. Mohammed Said al-Hmaidi, personal communication, February 1997.

165. Aaron Lerner, “Dr. Mohammed Ajjour, Palestinian Authority Environmental Planning and Israeli Response,”Independent Media Review and Analysis, December 1, 1996.

166. Zafrir Rinat, “Israelis Prefer Dumping Their Trash over the Green Line,”Ha-Aretz, June 6, 1998.

167. Imad Sa'ad, presentation at Symposium on the Environment as a Casualty of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Tel Aviv, EcoPeace—Friends of the Earth Middle East, August 10, 1998.

168. Benvenisti,op. cit., p. 218.

169. Zafrir Rinat and Or Kashti, “Jerusalem Schools with High Radon Concentrations Will Remain Closed until the Classroom Measurements Results Are In,”Ha-Aretz, December 28, 1995.

170. “Keeping People in Their Place,”Economist, September 1998, p. 48.

171. See generally Mawil Izzi Dien,The Environmental Dimension of Islam (Cambridge: Lutterworth, 2000).

172. Sura XXVII: 18–19.

173. Joyce Starr, “The Quest for Water, from Biblical Times to the Present,”Environmental Science and Technology 27, no. 7 (1993): 1265.

174. David Shipler,Arab and Jew, Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land (New York: Penguin, 1987), p. 57.

175. Interview with Eilon Schwartz, Tel Aviv, January 12, 1998.

176. Interview with Mahmoud Gazawi, Tel Aviv, January 13, 1998.

177. “The general inclination by far is the consumer society and an overwhelming desire to move from a Third World society to a modern one. The general permissiveness you find among us is a phenomenon similar to other places.” Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

178. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

179. Interview with Farkhan Shlebe, Sfinat Midbar, January 6, 1998.

180. Mahmud Ka'abiah, personal communication, July 12, 1993.

181. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

182. Giselle Hazzan, personal communication, January 21, 2002.

183. Philip Warburg, “Investing in Israel's Environmental Future,” report submitted to the Israel Cooperative Program, Jerusalem, 1996, p. 15.

184. Liat Collins, “Up in Smoke,”Jerusalem Post Magazine, August 16, 1996, pp. 16–18.

185. Netty Gross, “Smoke Signals,”Jerusalem Report, September 19, 1996, p. 18.

186. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

187. Life and Environment, informational brochure, K'far Saba, 2001.

188. Arab historians frequently quote Don Peretz, who reported in 1958 that of 370 Jewish settlements established between 1948 and 1953, 350 were built on Arab absentee property. Don Peretz,Israel and the Palestine Arabs (Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1958).

189. Lustick,op. cit., p. 246.

190. Hirschberg,op. cit.

191. El-Haj,op. cit., p. 9.

192. Izhak Schnell and Amin Fares,Towards High-Density Housing in Arab Localities in Israel (Jerusalem: Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies, 1996), p. 9.

193. Ibid., p. 68.

194. Interview with Dr. Basel Ghattas, Shfaram, December 9, 1997.

195. Yehuda Golan, “A Rise in the Number of Calories Consumed Is Recorded,”Maariv, Ha-Yom Supplement, September 30, 1997, p. 2.