1. Translated in Howard Sachar,A History of Israel, From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), p. 8.

2. Walter Laqueur,A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, 1972).

3. David Ben-Gurion,Maarechet Sinai (Tel Aviv:Am Oved, 1964), p. 130.

4. Stuart Schoenfeld, personal communication, June 3, 1998.

5. Oz Almog,The Sabra—A Profile (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1997), p. 255.

6. See: L. White, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crises,” Science 155 (1967): 1203–1207.

7. Manfred Gerstenfeld, “Jewish Attitudes to the Environment in the Bible's Narrative,” in Judaism, Environmentalism and the Environment (Jerusalem: Institute for Israel Studies, 1999), 163–207.

8. Yoav Sagi in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 4.

9. Aaron David Gordon,The Human and Nature (Jerusalem: Zionist Press, 1951), p. 44.

10. “Biographical Sketches,”Eretz Israel (New York: Jewish National Fund, 1932), pp. 111–112.

11. Rachel Blubstein, “Sham Harei Golan,”Rachel's Poems (Tel Aviv: Davar, 1978), translation by William Slott, 1998.

12. R. Y. Ben Zvi,We Immigrate (Jerusalem: Am Oved, 1975), p. 22, as cited in Izhak Schnell, “Nature and Environment in the Socialist-Zionist Pioneers' Perceptions: A Sense of Desolation,”Ecumene 4, no. 1 (1995): 69.

13. R. Avraham Yitzhak Hakohen Kook,A Vision of Vegetarianism and Peace (Jerusalem: Lahai Ro'i, 1961), p. 207.

14. Josef Tamir, “A Chosen Land or a Lousy Land,”Green, Blue and White (April 1998), p. 36.

15. R. Aryeh Levine, in Simcha Raz,A Tzadik in Our Times (Jerusalem, 1976), pp. 108–109.

16. Avner De-Shalit, “From the Political to the Objective: The Dialectics of Zionism and the Environment,”Environmental Politics 4 (1995): 70–87.

17. Interview with Eilon Schwartz, Tel Aviv, January 12, 1998.

18. Michael Bar-Zohar,Ben-Gurion, A Biography (New York: Delacorte Press, 1977), pp. 6–12.

19. Ibid., p. 21.

20. David Ben-Gurion,Divrei ha-Knesset, 1963, p. 331.

21. David Ben-Gurion (1962) as quoted in Science and Technology (Jerusalem: Israel Information Center, 1997), 1.

22. Tom Segev,1949, The First Israelis (New York: Free Press, 1986), p. 150.

23. Interview with Eilon Schwartz, Tel Aviv, January 12, 1998.

24. Stuart Schoenfeld, personal communication, June 3, 1998.

25. Avner De-Shalit, “From the Political to the Objective: The Dialectics of Zionism and the Environment,”Environmental Politics 4 (1995): 75–76.

26. Interview with Yizhak Shamir, Tel Aviv, November 24, 1997.

27. Avram Burg, lecture at the Annual Meeting, Society for Protection of Nature, Tel Aviv, January 13, 1998.

28. Meron Benvenisti, “An Image of a Homeland,”Conflicts and Contradictions (New York: Eshel, 1989), 19.

29. Einat Ramon, “The Zionist Myth of the Mother: The Land of Israel in the Thought of A. D. Gordon, ” presented at the Annual Conference,Association of Jewish Studies, Boston, December 14, 1993, p. 14 (copy with author).

30. Sachar,op. cit., pp. 154–155.

31. Amos Oz, “On Loving the Land,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 14.

32. H. P. Simonsen, ed.The Significance of the Frontier in American History (New York: Ungar, 1963).

33. Adam Werbach, keynote address, Eco Zionism Conference, Marin County, California, March 1997.

34. Bar-Zohar,op. cit., p. 14. Ben-Gurion's numbers have no clear empiri-cal basis, and many experts believe them to be far smaller. Gideon Biger, per-sonal communication, March 5, 1999.

35. Ibid., p. 16.

36. Meir Dizengoff,On Tel Aviv and Its Life Styles (Tel Aviv: Yediot Iriyat, 1934), p. 2.

37. Almog,op. cit., p. 266.

38. Interview with Ra'anan Weitz, Jerusalem, January 12, 1998.

39. Amos Keinan, “To Understand the Land,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 20.

40. Iris Milner, “The Rabbit's Foot,”Ha-Aretz, August 22, 1998.

41. Heinrich Mendelssohn, personal interview,Tel Aviv University,August 27, 1997.

42. See generally Benvenisti,op. cit., pp. 19–23.

43. Eliezer Livneh, Yosef Nedbeh, and Yoram Efrati,NILI (Jerusalem: Shoken, 1980), pp. 61–62. Three years later, twenty-eight-year-old Feinberg was killed on a mission for the pro-British NILI spy ring.

44. Almog,op. cit., p. 255.

45. Azariah Alon, personal interview, Kibbutz Beit ha-Shita, September 15, 1997.

46. Azariah Alon, “By the Side of the Abandoned Train Bank,”Teva V' Aretz, vol. 254, p. 46.

47. Almog,op. cit., p. 259.

48. Ibid., p. 268.

49. Ibid., p. 260.

50. Uri Marinov, presentation, September 19, 1997, Anglo-Israel Colloquium, Suffolk, England.

51. Noah Efron, personal communication, April 5, 1998.

52. The Blue Mountain is the title of the English translation of Roman Russi (Russian Novel). Meir Shalev, personal communication, November 11, 1998.

53. Meir Shalev, oral presentation, Kibbutz Ketura, Purim, 1997.

54. Meron Benvenisti, “Part II,”Moment, January-February 1986, p. 26.

55. Benvenisti, “An Image of a Homeland,” pp. 17–47.

56. Benvenisti, “Part II,” p. 24.

57. Avner De-Shalit, “Where Do Environmentalists Hide?” in Our Shared Environment—The Conference 1994, ed. Robin Twite and Robin Menczek (Jerusalem: Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, 1994), pp. 274–276.

58. Azariah Alon, “Nature Preservation versus Zionism,” in The Zionist Dimension of Nature Preservation (Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1981), p. 27.

59. Oz,op. cit., pp. 16–17.