Secondary Sources

Abrams, M. H. The Milk of Paradise: The Effect of Opium Visions on the Works of De Quincey, Crabbe, Francis Thompson, and Coleridge. New York: Octagon Books, 1971.

Adams, M. Ray. “Mary Hays, Disciple of William Godwin.” PMLA 55 (1940): 472–83.

Altick, Richard D. The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public 1800–1900. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.

——————. Victorian People and Ideas: A Companion for the Modern Reader of Victorian Literature. New York: Norton, 1973.

——————. Writers, Readers, and Occasions: Selected Essays on Victorian Literature and Life. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1989.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III-R. 3rd edition, revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.

——————. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

Baker, William. The George Eliot–George Henry Lewes Library: An Annotated Catalogue of Their Books at Dr. Williams’s Library, London. New York: Garland, 1977.

——————. The Libraries of George Eliot and George Henry Lewes. English Literary Studies. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, 1981.

Barker-Benfield, F. J. The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Barrell, John. The Infection of Thomas De Quincey: A Psychopathology of Imperialism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

Barrows, Susanna. Distorting Mirrors: Visions of the Crowd in Late Nineteenth-Century France. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.

Beer, Gillian. Darwin’s Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction. London: Routledge, 1983.

Beizer, Janet. Ventriloquized Bodies: Narratives of Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century France. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.

Bender, John. Imagining the Penitentiary: Fiction and the Architecture of Mind in Eighteenth-Century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Berridge, Virginia, and Griffith Edwards. Opium and the People: Opiate Use in Nineteenth-Century England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

Brantlinger, Patrick. “Bluebooks, the Social Organism, and the Victorian Novel.” Criticism 14 (1972): 328–44.

Breuer, Josef, and Sigmund Freud. Studies on Hysteria. Translated by James Strachey. New York: Basic Books, 1957.

Brewer, John. The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

Brock, W. H., N. D. McMillan, and R. C. Mollan, eds. John Tyndall: Essays on a Natural Philosopher. Historical Studies in Irish Science and Technology. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1981.

Brundage, Anthony. England’s Prussian Minister: Edwin Chadwick and the Politics of Government Growth, 1832–54. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1988.

Butler, Marilyn. “Godwin, Burke, and Caleb Williams.” Essays in Criticism 32 (1982): 237–57.

——————. Maria Edgeworth: A Literary Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Bynum, W. F. “Ideology and Health Care in Britain: Chadwick to Beveridge.” History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 10 (suppl.) (1988): 75–87.

——————. “The Nervous Patient in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Britain: The Psychiatric Origins of British Neurology.” In Bynum et al., The Anatomy of Madness 1:89–102.

Bynum, W. F., Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, eds. The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry. 2 vols. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Cartwright, F. F. A Social History of Medicine. Themes in British Social History. London: Longman, 1977.

Chartier, Roger. Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Childers, Joseph W. “Observation and Representation: Mr. Chadwick Writes the Poor.” Victorian Studies 37 (1994): 405–32.

Cixous, Hélène. “Castration or Decapitation?” Signs 7 (1981): 36–55.

Clarke, Edwin, and L. S. Jacyna. Nineteenth-Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Clej, Alina. A Geneology of the Modern Self: Thomas De Quincey and the Intoxication of Writing. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.

Cooke, Michael G. “De Quincey, Coleridge, and the Formal Uses of Intoxication.” Yale French Studies 50 (1974): 26–40.

Cullen, Michael J. The Statistical Movement in Early Victorian Britain: The Foundation of Empirical Social Research. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1975.

Dale, Peter Allen. “George Lewes’ Scientific Aesthetic: Restructuring the Ideology of the Symbol.” In Levine, ed. ,One Culture: Essays in Science and Literature, 92–116.

de Bolla, Peter. The Discourse of the Sublime: History, Aesthetics and the Subject. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989.

Devlin, D. D. De Quincey, Wordsworth and the Art of Prose. London: MacMillan, 1983.

Dickson, P. G. M. The Financial Revolution in England: A Study in the Development of Public Credit, 1668–1756. New York: St. Martin’s, 1967.

Digby, Anne. Madness, Morality and Medicine: A Study of the York Retreat, 1796–1914. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Donnelly, Michael. Managing the Mind: A Study of Medical Psychology in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain. London: Tavistock, 1983.

Dumas, D. Gilbert. “Things as They Were: The Original Ending of Caleb Williams” . SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 6 (1966): 575–97.

During, Simon. “The Strange Case of Monomania: Patriarchy in Literature, Murder in Middlemarch, Drowning in Daniel Deronda.” Representations 23 (1988): 86–104.

Dyos, H. J. “The Slums of Victorian London.” Victorian Studies 11 (1967): 5–40.

Ellenberger, Henri F. The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books, 1970.

Evans, Martha Noel. Fits and Starts: A Genealogy of Hysteria in Modern France. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Eyler, J. M. Victorian Social Medicine: The Ideas and Methods of William Farr. Baltimore: 1979.

Faas, Ekbert. Retreat into the Mind: Victorian Poetry and the Rise of Psychiatry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Fee, Elizabeth, and Dorothy Porter. “Public Health, Preventive Medicine and Professionalization: England and America in the Nineteenth Century.” In Medicine in Society: Historical Essays, edited by Andrew Wear, 249–75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Feltes, Norman N. Modes of Production of Victorian Novels. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Ferris, Ina. The Achievement of Literary Authority: Gender, History, and the Waverley Novels. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Finer, S. E. The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick. London: Methuen, 1952.

Foster, James R. History of the Pre-Romantic Novel in England. Monograph Series of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 12. New York: MLA, 1949.

Foucault, Michel. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception. Translated by A. M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Vintage, 1975.

——————. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage, 1979.

——————. The History of Sexuality: Volume I. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1980.

——————. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Vintage, 1965.

——————. The Order of Things. New York: Vintage, 1970.

Gallagher, Catherine. “The Body Versus the Social Body in the Works of Thomas Malthus and Henry Mayhew.” Representations 14 (1986): 83–106.

——————. The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and Narrative Form, 1832–1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

——————. Nobody’s Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 1670–1820. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Gilman, Sander L., Helen King, Roy Porter, George Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter. Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Goldstein, Jan. Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

——————, ed. Foucault and the Writing of History. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1994.

Haigh, Elizabeth. Xavier Bichat and the Medical Theory of the Eighteenth Century.Medical History, Supplement 4. London: Wellcome Institute, 1984.

Haight, Gordon S. George Eliot: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

——————, ed. Introduction to Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life, by George Eliot. Boston: Houghton, 1956.

Hamlin, Christopher. “Edwin Chadwick and the Engineers, 1842–1854: Systems and Antisystems in the Pipe-and-Brick Sewers War.” Technology and Culture 33 (1992): 680–709.

——————. “Providence and Putrefaction.” Victorian Studies 27 (1985): 381–411.

——————. “William Dibdin and the Idea of Biological Sewage Treatment.” Technology and Culture 29 (1988): 189–218.

Handwerk, Gary. “Of Caleb’s Guilt and Godwin’s Truth: Ideology and Ethics in Caleb Williams.” ELH60 (1993): 939–60.

Harden, Elizabeth. Maria Edgeworth. Twayne’s English Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1984.

Harding, Geoffrey. Opiate Addiction, Morality and Medicine: From Moral Illness to Pathological Disease. New York: St. Martin’s, 1988.

Hayden, John O. “De Quincey’s Confessions and the Reviewers.” Wordsworth Circle 6 (1975): 273–79.

Hayter, Alethea. Opium and the Romantic Imagination: Addiction and Creativity in De Quincey, Coleridge, Baudelaire and Others. Wellingborough, England: Crucible, 1988.

Herbert, Christopher. Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Hirschman, Albert. The Passions and the Interests. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Hobsbawm, E. J. Industry and Empire. The Pelican Economic History of Britain, vol. 3. New York: Pelican, 1968.

Hunter, Kathryn Montgomery. Doctor’s Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Hunter, Richard, and Ida Macalpine. Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 1535–1860: A History Presented in Selected English Texts. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.

Hyler, Steven E., and Robert L. Spitzer, “Hysteria Split Asunder,” American Journal of Psychiatry 135, no. 12 (December 1978): 1500–4.

Ignatieff, Michael. A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1850. London: Penguin, 1978.

Inglis, Brian. The Opium War. London: Hodder, 1976.

Irigaray, Luce. Speculum of the Other Woman. Translated by Gillian C. Gill. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Jack, Ian. “De Quincey Revises His Confessions.” PMLA 72 (1957): 122–46.

Jacobus, Mary. Reading Woman: Essays in Feminist Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

——————. Romanticism, Writing and Sexual Difference: Essays on. The Prelude. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Jewson, N. D. “Medical Knowledge and the Patronage System in Eighteenth-Century England.” Sociology 8 (1974): 369–85.

Jordanova, Ludmilla. Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Science and Literature. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.

——————, ed. . Languages of Nature: Critical Essays on Science and Literature. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.

Kahane, Claire. Passions of the Voice: Hysteria, Narrative, and the Figure of the Speaking Woman, 1850–1915. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.

Kelly, Gary. The English Jacobin Novel, 1780–1805. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.

King, Helen. “Once Upon a Text: Hysteria frm Hippocrates.” In Gilman et al., Hysteria beyond Freud, 3–89.

Kitchel, Anna Theresa. George Lewes and George Eliot: A Review of Records. New York: John Day, 1933.

Kolakoswki, Leszek. Positivist Philosophy from Hume to the Vienna Circle. Translated by Norbert Guterman. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972.

Kristeva, Julia. “Oscillation Between Power and Denial.” In New French Feminisms, edited by Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courtivron, 165–7. New York: Schocker, 1981.

Laqueur, Thomas W. “Bodies, Details, and the Humanitarian Narrative.” In The New Cultural History, edited by Lynn Hunt, 176–204. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

——————. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

Lauden, Larry. “A Confutation of Convergent Realism.” In Leplin,Scientific Realism, 218–49.

Leplin, Jarrett, ed. Scientific Realism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Levine, George. Darwin and the Novelists: Patterns of Science in Victorian Fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

——————. “George Eliot’s Hypothesis of Reality.” Nineteenth-Century Fiction 35 (1980): 1–28.

——————. The Realistic Imagination: English Fiction from Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

——————, ed. . One Culture: Essays in Science and Literature. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

Levy, Anita. Other Women: The Writing of Class, Race, and Gender, 1832–1898. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Lewis, Richard Albert. Edwin Chadwick and the Public Health Movement, 1832–1854. London: Longmans, 1952.

Lindop, Grevel. The Opium-Eater: A Life of Thomas De Quincey. London: Dent, 1981.

Lloyd, Christopher, ed. The Health of Seamen: Selections from the Works of Dr. James Lind, Sir Gilbert Blane and Dr. Thomas Trotter. London: Navy Records Society, 1965.

Luria, Gina. “Mary Hays’s Letters and Manuscripts.” Signs 3 (1977): 524–30.

Lutz, Tom. American Nervousness, 1903: An Anecdotal History. . Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

MacDonald, Michael. Mystical Bedlam: Madness, Anxiety and Healing in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Marshall, Peter H. William Godwin. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

Martin, Philip W. Mad Women in Romantic Writing. New York: St. Martin’s, 1987.

Mason, Michael York. “Middlemarch and Science: Problems of Life and Mind.” Review of English Studies 22 (1971): 151–69.

Maulitz, Russell C. Morbid Appearances: The Anatomy of Pathology in the Early Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Metz, Nancy Aycock. “Discovering a World of Suffering: Fiction and the Rhetoric of Sanitary Reform—1840–1860.” Nineteenth-Century Contexts 15 (1991): 65–81.

Micale, Mark S. Approaching Hysteria: Disease and Its Interpretations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Miller, D. A. “Cage aux folles: Sensation and Gender in Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White.” In The Novel and the Police. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Modder, Montagu Frank. The Jew in the Literature of England to the End of the Nineteenth Century. 1939; New York: Meridian, 1960.

Moscovici, Serge. The Age of the Crowd: A Historical Treatise on Mass Psychology. Translated by J. C. Whitehouse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Mullan, John. Sentiment and Sociability: The Language of Feeling in the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Murray, Patrick. Maria Edgeworth: A Study of the Novelist. Cork: Mercier, 1971.

Myers, Mitzi. “Godwin’s Changing Conception of Caleb Williams.” SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 12 (1972): 591–628.

——————. “Shot from Canons; or, Maria Edgeworth and the Cultural Production and Consumption of the Late-Eighteenth-Century Woman Writer.” In The Consumption of Culture, 1600–1800: Image, Object, Text, edited by Ann Bermingham and John Brewer, 193–214. New York: Routledge, 1995.

Newcomer, James. Maria Edgeworth the Novelist: 1767–1849, A Bicentennial Study. Forth Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1967.

Nye, Robert A. The Origins of Crowd Psychology: Gustave LeBon and the Crisis of Mass Democracy in the Third Republic. London: Sage Publications, 1975.

Oppenheim, Janet. “Shattered Nerves”: Doctors, Patients and Depression in Victorian England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Papay, Twila Yates. “A Near-Miss on the Psychological Novel: Maria Edgeworth’s Harrington.” In Fetter’d or Free: British Women Novelists, 1670–1815, edited by Mary Anne Schofield and Cecilia Macheski, 359–69. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1986.

Parssinen, Terry M. Secret Passions, Secret Remedies: Narcotic Drugs in British Society, 1820–1930. Philadelphia: ISHI, 1983.

Pelling, Margaret. Cholera, Fever and English Medicine, 1825–1865. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Peterson, M. Jeanne. The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

Pickstone, John V. “Dearth, Dirt and Fever Epidemics: Rewriting the History of British ‘Public Health,’ 1750–1850.” In Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Pestilence, edited by Terence Ranger and Paul Slack, 125–48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Platzner, Robert L. “De Quincey and the Dilemma of Romantic Autobiography.” Dalhousie Review 61 (1981): 605–17.

Pocock, J.G.A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.

——————. Virtue, Commerce, and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Pollin, B. K. “Mary Hays on Woman’s Rights in the Monthly Magazine.” Etudes Anglaises 24 (1971): 271–82.

Poovey, Mary. “Domesticity and Class Formation: Chadwick’s 1842 Sanitary Report.” In Subject to History: Ideology, Class, Gender, edited by David Simpson, 65–83. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

——————. Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830–1864. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

——————. The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

——————. Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Porter, Dorothy. “Enemies of the Race.” Victorian Studies 34 (1991): 159–78.

Porter, Dorothy, and Roy Porter. Patient’s Progress: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.

Porter, Ian Alexander. “Thomas Trotter, M.D., Naval Physician.” Medical History 7 (1963): 155–64.

Porter, Roy. “Addicted to Modernity: Nervousness in the Early Consumer Society.” In Culture in History: Production, Consumption and Values in Historical Perspective, edited by Joseph Melling and Jonathan Barry, 180–94. Exeter: Exeter University Press, 1992.

——————. Doctor of Society: Thomas Beddoes and the Sick Trade in Late-Enlightenment England. London: Routledge, 1992.

——————. Health for Sale: Quackery in England 1660–1850. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

——————. Mind-Forg’d Manacles: A History of Madness in England from the Restoration to the Regency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Putnam, Hilary. “What Is Realism?” In Leplin,Scientific Realism, 140–53.

Ragussis, Michael. Figures of Conversion: The Jewish Question and English National Identity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.

Rajan, Tilottama. “Autonarration and Genotext in Mary Hays’s Memoirs of Emma Courtney.” Studies in Romanticism 32 (1993): 149–76.

——————. The Supplement of Reading: Figures of Understanding in Romantic Theory and Practice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

——————. “Wollstonecraft and Godwin: Reading the Secrets of the Political Novel,” Studies in Romanticism 27 (1988): 221–51.

Richardson, Ruth. Death, Dissection and the Destitute. London: Routledge, 1987.

Risse, Guenter B. “Brunonian Therapeutics: New Wine in Old Bottles?” Medical History, Supplement 8 (1988): 46–62.

——————. “Hysteria at the Edinburgh Infirmary: The Construction and Treatment of a Disease, 1770–1800.” Medical History 32 (1988): 1–22.

Rogers, Katharine M. “The Contribution of Mary Hays.” Prose Studies 10 (1987): 131–42.

Rolleston, Humphry. “Thomas Trotter, M.D.” In Contributions to Medical and Biological Research Dedicated to Sir William Osler in Honour of His Seventieth Birthday, July 12, 1919, by His Pupils and Co-Workers, 1:153–65. New York: Hoeber, 1919.

Rosenberg, Charles E., and Janet Golden, eds. Framing Disease: Studies in Cultural History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

Rosenberg, Edgar. From Shylock to Svengali: Jewish Stereotypes in English Fiction. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.

Rothfield, Lawrence. Vital Signs: Medical Realism in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.

Rousseau, G. S. “Nerves, Spirits, and Fibres: Towards Defining the Origins of Sensibility.” In Studies in the Eighteenth Century III, edited by R. F. Brissenden and J. C. Eade, 137–57. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1976.

Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.

——————. “Consent and the Body: Injury, Departure, and Desire.” New Literary History 21 (1990): 867–96.

——————. “Work and the Body in Hardy and Other Nineteenth-Century Novelists.” Representations 3 (1983): 90–123.

——————, ed. Literature and the Body: Essays on Populations and Persons. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Schneider, Elisabeth. “Coleridge, Opium and Kubla Khan.” Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.

Scull, Andrew, ed. Madhouses, Mad-Doctors and Madmen: The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era. London: Athlone, 1981.

Showalter, Elaine. “On Hysterical Narrative.” Narrative 1 (1993): 24–35.

Shuttleworth, Sally. “Fairy Tale or Science? Physiological Psychology in Silas Marner.” In Jordonova, Languages of Nature, 244–88.

——————. George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Science: The Make-Believe of a Beginning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

——————. “‘Preaching to the Nerves’: Psychological Disorder in Sensation Fiction.” In A Question of Identity: Women, Science, and Literature, edited by Marina Benjamin, 192–222. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993.

——————. “‘The Surveillance of a Sleepless Eye’: The Constitution of Neurosis in Villette.” . In Levine, One Culture, 313–35.

Simms, Karl N. “Caleb Williams’ Godwin: Things as They Are Written.” Studies in Romanticism 26 (1987): 343–63.

Slavney, Phillip R. Perspectives on Hysteria. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Smith, Sheila M. “Blue Books and Victorian Novelists.” Review of English Studies 21 n.s. (1970): 23–40.

——————. The Other Nation: The Poor in English Novels of the 1840s and 1850s. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. “The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America.” Social Research 39 (1972): 652–78.

Sontag, Susan. Illness as Metaphor. New York: Vintage, 1977.

Starr, G. A. “‘Only a Boy’: Notes on Sentimental Novels.” Genre 10 (1977): 501–27.

Stephanson, Raymond. “Richardson’s ‘Nerves’: The Physiology of Sensibility in Clarissa.” Journal of the History of Ideas 44 (1988): 267–86.

Taylor, John Tinnon. Early Opposition to the English Novel: The Popular Reaction from 1760 to 1830. New York: King’s Crown Press, 1943.

Thomas, Nicholas. “Sanitation and Seeing: The Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji.” Comparative Studies in Science and History 32 (1990): 149–70.

Tillotson, Kathleen. Novels of the 1840s. Oxford: Clarendon, 1954.

Todd, Janet. Sensibility: An Introduction. London: Methuen, 1986.

——————. The Sign of Angellica: Women, Writing and Fiction, 1660–1800. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

Toews, John. “Foucault and the Freudian Subject: Archaeology, Genealogy, and the Historicization of Psychoanalysis.” In Goldstein, Foucault and the Writing of History, 116–34.

Tompkins, J. M. S. “Mary Hays, Philosophess.” In The Polite Marriage, 150–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938.

——————. The Popular Novel in England: 1770–1800. London: Constable, 1932.

Ty, Eleanor. Unsex’d Revolutionaries: Five Women Novelists of the 1790s. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.

Veith, Ilza. Hysteria: The History of a Disease. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Vrettos, Athena. Somatic Fictions: Imagining Illness in Victorian Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.

Waddington, Ivan. The Medical Profession in the Industrial Revolution. Dublin: Gill, 1984.

Watson, Nicola J. Revolution and the Form of the British Novel, 1790–1825: Intercepted Letters, Interrupted Seductions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. London: Chatto, 1957.

Weiner, Dora B. “Mind and Body in the Clinic: Philippe Pinel, Alexander Crichton, Dominique Esquirol, and the Birth of Psychiatry.” In The Languages of Psyche: Mind and Body in Enlightenment Thought, edited by G. S. Rousseau, 331–402. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Williams, Raymond. The Long Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.

Wohl, Anthony. Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Wright, T. R. “George Eliot and Positivism.” Modern Language Review (1981): 257–72.

Zimmern, Helen. Maria Edgeworth. London, W. H. Allen, 1883.