1. Special Report, "Witchcraft in Tigania and Igembe," from Frank M. Lamb, district commissioner, Meru, to senior commissioner (E. B. Horne), Nyeri Province, 15 February 1928, "Native Customs" file, Lambert Papers. Referred to hereinafter as "Lamb Special Report." (Abbreviated version is in Meru District Record Book, 1927 , Kenya National Archives, [KNA].)

2. Meru District Record Book, 1925-1927 , KNA.

3. Ibid.

2. Meru District Record Book, 1925-1927 , KNA.

3. Ibid.

4. J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11. Hopkins was assistant district commissioner (under Frank M. Lamb) and aided Lamb in all stages of the witchcraft campaign.

5. The career of M'Mukura wa Kageta can be followed by perusal of the evaluations written by his colonial supervisors in the appendixes of the Meru District Record Book, 1913-1927 , KNA.

6. Meru District Record Book, 1927 , KNA.

7. J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11.

8. J. G. H. Hopkins, Native Affairs Divisional Reports, 1926, KNA.

9. J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11.

10. Lamb Special Report.

11. J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11.

12. Hezikiah M'Mukiri (Imenti), MOS 26; Kiringo M'Munyari (Igembe), MOS 33; M'Muambe M'Mbuthu (Tigania), MOS 57.

13. Lamb Special Report. Also Meru District Record Book, 1927 , KNA.

14. See note 13 above.

15. See note 13 above.

16. Data on Mbogore M'Mwendo's "war" on witchcraft are from interviews with his sons (MOS 31); M'Icirai (last name withheld), Mbogore's cook during his early years as chief (MOS 103); and Muriuki M'Muriithi, one of Mbogore's Nchama ("chief's men" or "retainers") (MOS 32). The narrative

has become part of the Mbogore family history, and is corroborated (in less flattering terms) by other Mwimbi elders.

17. M'Ikieni ("M'Iniu") M'Irimbere, MOS 40, and others in North Imenti. The tossing of ritualists' goatskin bags into the Kazita River is widely repeated within Imenti tradition.

18. See note 16 above.

19. See note 16 above.

20. See note 16 above.

21. Muriuki M'Muriithi, MOS 32; also MOS 31, 103.

22. J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11, and Dr. H. Brassington, MOS 2. Both participated in the antiwitchcraft campaign.

23. Dr. H. Brassington, MOS 2.

24. See note 23 above.

25. A. T. Howell, M.D., Karta Ram, and Diwan Singh (subassistant surgeon), "Medical Report" in Meru District Record Book, 1927 , KNA. The report describes the subsequent illnesses and deaths of the accused. Also J. G. H. Hopkins, MOS 11; Dr. H. Brassington, MOS 2; M'Muraa wa Kairanyi, MOS 13, probable translator for Hopkins and Lamb.

26. "Medical Report" (see note 25 above).

27. "Medical Report" (see note 25 above).

28. Revised Kenya Witchcraft Ordinance, 1928. The text of the ordinance is in "Witchcraft and Colonial Law," academic paper read to the Congress Internationale des Sciences Anthropologiques, 8 March 1934, by G. St. J. Orde-Browne, Rhodes House. Orde-Browne was district commissioner, Cuka subdistrict, 1909-1912.

29. Meru District Record Book, 1928 , Appendix, KNA.

30. Dr. H. Brassington, MOS 2.

31. M'Ruiga M'Mbatau (Igoji), MOS 59; M'Muraa wa Kairanyi (Imenti), MOS 13; M'Ikieni (M'Iniu) M'Irimbere (Imenti), MOS 40. All worked for the colonial government at this time.

32. J. G. H. Hopkins, Meru District Record Book, 1932 , KNA.

33. Rev. Dr. Clive Irvine, MOS 4.