1. JTTB , 24-6-247. Snow's Journey account of the Dreiser episode may have benefited from hindsight. His diary entry (Diaries, Book 33, February 4, 1941), was noncommital on Dreiser's statements but more interested in the author's great concern and sympathy for China's cause.

2. Carl W. McCardle, "Edgar Snow, Back from Orient, Thinks We'll Fight Japan Soon," Philadelphia Evening Bulletin , June 4, 1941; ES to Bennett Cerf, December 10, 1941, RHP.

3. Diaries, Book 32, February 23, 1941 (Snow noted that BFA had lost out to Jan Valtin's Out of the Night ). BFA had sold 9,700 copies by early December 1941 (Bennett Cerf to ES, December 10, 1941, RHP).

4. BFA , 66; ES to Robert Haas (Random House), May 24, 1940; Dorothy Woodman, review of Scorched Earth [ BFA's English edition, published by Victor Gollancz in 1941], New Statesman and Nation , April 19, 1941.

5. BFA , 364; Henry Luce to ES, February 25, 1941, ESP in ESC.

6. John F. Davidson, review of BFA , in Canadian Forum , April 1941, 25; BFA , 199-238, 327-359.

7. BFA , 58-61, 66-69, 187-195. See also John W. Dower, War Without Mercy (New York: Pantheon Books, 1986), 133. Dower cites Snow's BFA remarks on Japanese "inferiority," in support of his thesis on the significant role of racism in the Pacific War.

8. BFA , 385, 415.

9. BFA , 413, 416; Diaries, Book 34, August II, 1941, Book 32, June 25-27, 1944. Wilson's fourteen points, Michael H. Hunt has written, "carried to new limits the old American commitment to an active international policy in file name of national greatness and liberty for all men" ( Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987], 134).

10. BFA , 416-417.

11. Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy , 11.

12. BFA , 417-4-23.

13. JTTB , 258; "Reminiscences of Bennett Cerf," 372.

14. Henry A. Kissinger, "Clinton and the World," Newsweek , February 1, 1993, 45; ES, "The Political Battle of Asia," in Smash Hitler's International :

The Strategy of an Offensive Against the Axis (New York: Keystone Press, 1941), 57; BFA , 4-22. Snow's contribution to the Smash Hitler's International volume was identical with his article, "How America Can Take the Offensive: II," Fortune 23 (June 1941): 69, 175-180; James C. Thomson, Jr., Peter W. Stanley, and John Curtis Perry, Sentimental Imperialists (New York: Harper and Row, 1981), 311.

15. New Statesman and Nation , April 19, 1941.

16. Freda Utley, review of BFA , in New York Times Book Review , April 9, 1941, 9; Diaries, Book 32, January 1, 1941.

17. Utley, review of BFA .

18 . ES, "Is It Civil War in China?," Asia 41 (April 1941): 169-170.

19. BFA , 299; Snow added, perhaps a bit condescendingly, that his comments did "not mean that I might not personally prefer Mr. Ford [the Communist candidate] to Mr. Garner, of course."

20. Diaries, Book 33, February 4, 1941; Henriette Herz to Belle Becker (undated, evidently late January or early February 1941), in which she quotes from the letter received from Snow; ES to Belle Becker, February 6, 1941, RHP.

21. JTTB , 248-249; Franklin Folsom (national executive secretary, American Writers Congress) to ES, June 4, 1941, ESP in ESC.

22. Franklin Folsom to ES, June 4, 1941, ES to Franklin Folsom, June 6, 1941, ESP in ESC. The resolutions adopted by the Writers Congress "in general followed the Communist party line," the New York Times reported, June 9, 1941. According to American Communist party leader William Z. Foster, the American Writers Congress in those years "was a powerful force in cultural circles, not the least in Hollywood." The Communists ''were most active in this development," he added (William Z. Foster, History of the Communist Party of the United States [Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1968], 319-320).

23. ES, "China, America and the World War" (typescript, May 31, 1941), ESP in ESC; Philadelphia Evening Bulletin , June 4, 1941. The quotation from the Bulletin is given as reported by the newspaper.

24. "China, America and the World War''; JTTB , 224. Snow's article ("China and the World War," Asia 41 [July 1941]: 341-343) contained much the same points as the China portions of the congress talk, including the conditions Snow had laid down for American aid to Chungking.

25. ES, "The Political Battle of Asia," 61, 66-67; ES, "Things That Could Happen," 12; ES, "Showdown in the Pacific," SEP , May 31, 1941, 47.

26. Diaries, Book 33, June 15, 1941, Book 34, August 11, 1941, Book 35, August 22, 1941, December 7, 1941; "The Political Battle of Asia," 62-63; ES to Rewi Alley, December 3, 1941.

27. Diaries, Book 32, June 26, 1941, Book 35, December 16, 1941; ES to Edward C. Carter, January 16, 1942, IPRP. There were apparently no contemporary diary entries on the Roosevelt meeting, which Snow recounts in JTTB , 253-258.

28. Diaries, Book 35, September 22, November 24, December 5, 1941.

29. ES to Rewi Alley, December 3, 1941; Diaries, Book 32, June 27, 1941, Book 35, October 31, 1941. "I have long and consistently been known in this country as a friend of the Soviet Union," Snow wrote Carter of the Institute of Pacific Relations regarding his Soviet visa problem. "It would seem to me a tragedy for Russia to reject this opportunity to get a fair hearing in the columns of so influential a journal" as the Post (ES to Edward C. Carter [confidential]. March 28, 1942, IPRP). It took another six months, with pressure from the U.S. government, for Snow's visa finally to come through ( JTTB , 259-260).

30. ES, "They Don't Want to Play Soldier," SEP , October 25, 1941, 14-15, 61-67; "What Is Morale?" SEP , November 15, 1941, 16-17, 119-120, 122-123; Diaries, Book 35, November 12, 1941.

31. "They Don't Want to Play Soldier," 65; "What Is Morale?" 120-122.

32. ES to Rewi Alley, December 3, 1941; JTTB , 258-260. Snow's wartime volumes were People on Our Side , or POOS (New York: Random House, 1944), and The Pattern of Soviet Power , or TPOSP (New York: Random House, 1945).

33. Diaries, Book 37, April 19, 1942; Michael Schaller, U.S. Crusade in China (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), 231-250; Hugh Deane, Good Deeds & Gunboats (San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals, 1990), 116-125. According to Schaller, "Miles increasingly defined SACO's mission in terms not only of the struggle against Chinese Communism, but also of America's future global position" (ibid., 245).