1. Judith R. Walkowitz, "'We Are Not Beasts of the Field': Prostitution and the Campaign Against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1869-1886" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, 1974); idem, Prostitution in Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State ; Ruth Rosen, The Lost Sisterhood: Prostitution in America, 1900-1918 ; Christine Stansell, City of Women: Sex and Class in

New York , 1789-1860. Two especially interesting works on nineteenth-century American prostitution in the West that have expanded the geographic perimeters of the topic are Marion S. Goldman, Gold Diggers and Silver Miners: Prostitution and Social Life on the Comstock Lode , and Anne M. Butler, Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitutes in the American West , 1865-90. Other studies related to the question in New York City are Timothy J. Gilfoyle, "City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790-1920" (Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 1987); Barbara Meil Hobson, Uneasy Virtue: The Politics of Prostitution and the American Reform Tradition ; Barbara Berg, The Remembered Gate: Origins of American Feminism ; Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, Religion and the Rise of the American City: The New York City Mission Movement , 1812-1870.

2. Rosen, Lost Sisterhood .

3. Stansell, City of Women , 221.

4. Ibid., 191.

3. Stansell, City of Women , 221.

4. Ibid., 191.