1. Holland's other publications include "The Function of Functionalism," Architect and Engineer 125 (August 1936): 25-32, and "Nudism and Modern Architecture," Architect and Engineer 128 (March 1937): 39-42.

2. Leicester B. Holland, "Exaggeration of Functionalism in Current Architecture Criticised by Savant," Southwest Builder and Contractor 88 (August 14, 1936): 19.

3. See Esther McCoy, Irving Gill, 1870-1936 (Los Angeles County Museum, 1958), and "Irving Gill," in her Five California Architects (New York: Reinhold, 1960), 59-101.

4. McCoy, Five California Architects , 71, 73; William H. Jordy, American Buildings and Their Architects: Progressive and Academic ideals at the Turn of the Century , vol. 3 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972), 256-58.

5. McCoy, Five California Architects , 97.

6. David Gebhard, "Irving Gill," in California Design, 1910 , ed. Timothy J. Anderson, Eudorah M. Moore, and Robert W. Winter (Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1980), 112-18.

7. Joseph Bell, From the Stone Age to the Space Age (New York: National Concrete Masonry Association, 1969), 1-32.

8. "Concrete Grave Stones," Concrete 10 (January 1910): 43; "An Architect of Bird Residences," Popular Mechanics 21 (March 1914): 371; "Ornamental Dog Kennel Made of Concrete," Popular Mechanics 21 (January 1914): 105; "Concrete Shipbuilding Industry Organizing,'' Southwest Builder and Contractor 53 (January 17, 1919): 78; "Plan for Twelve-Suite Apartment House of Stucco Construction," Concrete 10 (April 1910): 65.

9. Francis S. Onderdonk, "Ferro-Concrete and Design," Architecture 57 (May 1928): 241.

10. "Beats Edison Concrete House," Southwest Builder and Contractor 26 (May 6, 1911): 21.

11. Frank Lloyd Wright, "A Fireproof House for $5000," Ladies Home Journal 24 (April 1907): 24; Russell Sturgis, "The Larkin Building in Buffalo," Architectural Record 15 (April 1908): 310-21; "Unity Temple and Unity House, Oak Park, Ill.," Inland Architect and News Record 52 (December 1908): 77.

12. Frederick Squires, "Houses at Forest Hills Garden," Concrete-Cement Age 6 (January 1915): 3-8; 53-56.

13. Francis S. Onderdonk, The Ferro-Concrete Style (New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1928), 5.

14. C. W. Whitney, "Ransome Construction in California," Architect and Engineer 12 (April 1908): 49-57; "Tribute to Ernest L. Ransome," Architect and Engineer 49 (April 1917): 101-2.

15. "Early Reinforced Concrete Construction," The Builder and Contractor , no. 1106 (June 4, 1914): 1; David Gebhard and Harriette Von Breton, Architecture in California, 1868-1968 (Santa Barbara: The Art Galleries, 1968), 16, fig. 37.

16. Harris C. Allen, "The Influence of Concrete on Design in California," Journal of the American Institute of Architects 16 (October 1928): 389.

17. Pacific Concrete Machinery Company advertisement, Los Angeles Builder and Contractor (February 1906): 5; Concrete House Building Company advertisement, Los Angeles Builder and Contractor , no. 568 (January 14, 1904): 8.

18. Charles E Whittlesey, "Reinforced Concrete Construction—Why I Believe in It," Architect and Engineer 12 (March 1908): 37-67.

19. Myron Hunt and Elmer Grey, "Some Concrete Country Homes on the Pacific Coast—Concrete Residence of G. W. Wattles, Hollywood, Cal.," Concrete 10 (February 1910): 42-43; Arthur B. Benton, Contract Notice for the A. M. McClaughry House, Sierra Madre, a "12 room reinforced concrete residence" ( Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer 4 [April 30, 1910]: 6).

20. "Monolithic Concrete House Built by Los Angeles Man," Concrete 10 (October 1910): 35.

21. "New Reinforced Concrete Residence Construction," Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer 4 (January 1, 1910): 14.

22. Roger Hatheway and John Chase, "Irving Gill and the Aiken System," in Concrete in California (Los Angeles: Carpenters/Contractors Cooperation Committee of Southern California, 1990), 21.

23. "Trying to Solve the Problem of Fireproof Construction for Small Residences," Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer 6 (April 15, 1911): 18-19.

24. Southwest Builder and Contractor , the Los Angeles trade journal, published a series of ten articles (vols. 56-58, November 12, 1920-September 2, 1921) presenting various concrete hollow-wall systems then in use in Los Angeles.

25. Homer M. Hadley, "Some Observations on Architectural Concrete," Architect and Engineer (February 1931): 51-52.

26. Bertha H. Smith, "Creating an American Style of Architecture," House and Garden 26 (July 1914): 19.

27. "Hollow Clay Blocks for Residential Construction," Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer 4 (November 13, 1909): 14-16; "Hollow Tile Popular for Residential Construction," Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer 4 (January 8, 1910): 14-15; "Growth of the Hollow Tile Industry," Southwest Builder and Contractor 53 (January 17, 1919): 7.

28. Roger Hatheway and John Chase, "Irving Gill and the Aiken System" (as in note 22), 22-29.

29. Esther McCoy, "Irving Gill," in Five California Architects (as in note 4), 75, 79.

30. Gill, however, as late as 1919 advocated the Aiken system. See "Pre-cast Walls for the Concrete House," Keith's Magazine 38 (October 1917): 223-26.

31. "Concrete Curves and Cubes," Independent 75 (August 28, 1913): 515.

32. "Garden Apartment Houses of the West," Touchstone 5 (April 1919): 24.

33. Maxwell Armfield, An Artist in America (London: Methuen, 1925), 75-76.

34. Irving J. Gill, "The Home of the Future: The New Architecture of the West: Small Homes for a Great Country," Craftsman 30 (May 1916): 148, 151.

35. Bertha H. Smith, "Creating an American Style of Architecture" (as in note 26), 18.

36. Gill, "The Home of the Future," 142.

37. Leicester B. Holland, "The Function of Functionalism" (as in note 1), 27.

38. Holland, "Exaggeration of Functionalism in Current Architecture Criticised by Savant" (as in note 2), 19.