1. Frederick Jackson Turner, The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner, comp. Everett E. Edwards (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1938), 185-229.

2. Walter LaFeber, The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860-1898 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1963), 416-417.

3. LaFeber, The New Empire, 72-95; Thomas J. McCormick, China Market: America's Quest for Informal Empire, 1893-1901 (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1967), 105-125.

4. [Denby], "Among the Plants," 259.

5. Denby, "Agriculture," 331.

6. William Martin, "Agricultural Implements in China," U.S. House of Representatives, Consular Reports 62 (June 1900): 202.

7. Ibid.

8. Rounsevelle Wildman, "Chinese Agriculture and American Machinery," U.S. House of Representatives, Consular Reports 66 (May 1901): 121.

9. Ibid., 122.

10. George Anderson, "Agricultural Implements in China," U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Statistics, Monthly Consular Reports, no. 291 (December 1904): 52-53.

11. Henry B. Miller, "American Fruit in China," U.S. House of Representatives, Consular Reports 65 (January 1901): 40-41.

12. W. P. Bentley, Guojia zhuanshe nongbu yi [A suggestion for a national department of agriculture] (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1903). Individual quotations that follow are not cited individually.

13. Wayne D. Rasmussen and Gladys L. Baker, The Department of Agriculture (New York: Praeger, 1972), 11-13.

14. David Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, 18, 28.

15. Ibid., 28-31.

16. Marjory Stoneman Douglas, "The Most Unforgettable Character I've Met," Reader's Digest 53 (November 1948): 67-71; Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, 30-36.

17. Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, 106-107.

18. Ibid., 117.

19. Ibid., 119.

20. Ibid., 153-155.

21. Ibid., 156-157.

22. Ibid., 205.

23. Ibid., 219; David Fairchild, Letters on Agriculture in the West Indies, Spain, and the Orient, USDA, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin no. 27 (1902): 24.

24. Fairchild, Letters on Agriculture, 25.

25. Ibid., 26.

26. Ibid., 25.

27. Joseph C. Bailey, Seaman A. Knapp: Schoolmaster of American Agriculture (New York: Columbia University Press, 1945), 133.

28. Ibid., 134.

29. Seaman A. Knapp, Recent Foreign Explorations, As Bearing on the Agricultural Development of the Southern States, USDA, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin no. 35 (1903): 37.

30. Ibid., 37-38.

31. Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, 297, 321.

32. Ibid., 315.

33. Ibid., 118; facsimile of Meyer's official authorization, in Isabel Shipley Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer: Plant Hunter in Asia (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984), 26.

34. Frank N. Meyer, "China a Fruitful Field for Plant Exploration," Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture—1915 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1916), 205-206.

35. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 31-33; Frank N. Meyer, "Economic Botanical Explorations in China," Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, part 1 (1916): 126.

36. Meyer, "Economic Botanical Explorations," 126; Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 33-35.

37. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 37.

38. David Fairchild, "A New Exploration of the World," Youth's Companion 83 (6 May 1909): 219-220; "The People Who Stand for Plus," Outing 53 (October 1908): 69-76.

39. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 40, 45.

40. Ibid., 42-43, 72-73.

41. Meyer, "China a Fruitful Field," 209.

42. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 80-84, 206, 227.

43. David Fairchild, "An Agricultural Explorer in China," Asia 21 (January 1921): 8.

44. Ibid., 8-9; Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 173.

45. "Plants from China," Wallace's Farmer 41 (11 February 1916): 235.

46. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 75-76.

47. Meyer, "Economic Botanical Explorations," 126.

48. "The People Who Stand for Plus," 72; Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 69, 190.

49. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 184-185; Reginald Farrer, "Mr. Reginald Farrer's Explorations in China," Gardener's Chronicle, series 3, 58 (1915): 1.

50. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 192-193.

51. Ibid., 193.

52. Ibid., 170, 193-194, 224.

53. Ibid., 206-208, 225-226.

54. Ibid., 243-248.

55. Fairchild, The World Was My Garden, 455; Stephanne B. Sutton, In China's Border Provinces: The Turbulent Career of Joseph Rock, Botanist-Explorer (New York: Hastings House, 1974), 9-19; Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 267.

56. David Fairchild, "Two Unknown Modern Languages," The Outlook 93 (4 September 1909): 43-44.

57. "Woman Off to China as Government Agent to Study Soy Bean," New York Times, 10 June 1917, section VI, 9.

58. Ibid.

59. Ibid.

60. Ibid.

61. National Archives, Record Group 59 (hereafter abbreviated NA), 893.61321/6a, 893.61321/7; E. J. Kahn, Jr., The Staffs of Life (Boston: Little, Brown, 1985), 275-278.

62. F. H. King, Farmers of Forty Centuries (Madison, Wis.: Democrat Printing Company, 1911), 2, 176.

63. Ibid., 1, 196-198.

64. Ibid., 10-11.

65. Ibid., 90-93, 188-189.

66. Ibid., 2, 120-121, 245.

67. Ibid., 274.

68. Ibid., 4-5.

69. Ibid., iii-iv.

70. R. P. Crawford, "World Crops for America," Scientific American 126 (April 1922): 226.

71. Ibid.

72. Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 261, 263.

73. J. Lossing Buck, "Contributions to Western Agriculture," in There Is Another China: Essays and Articles for Chang Poling (New York: King's Crown Press, 1948), 112; Cunningham, Frank N. Meyer, 260-267; David Fairchild and Walter T. Swingle, "China's Contributions to the World's Food," World Agriculture 2 (Spring and Summer, 1921): 102-103; W. H. Donald, ''China as a Most Promising Field for Plant Exploration," Far Eastern Review 12 (July 1915): 45.

74. Buck, "Contributions," 113; Swingle to Williams, 19 December 1924, Yale University Divinity School Library (hereafter abbreviated YUDS), 226/3829.

75. Fairchild, "An Agricultural Explorer in China," 7; Reisner to Ravenal, 12 June 1925, NA 893.6106.