1. Norman Daniels, "Insurability and the HIV problem: Ethical Issues in Underwriting," Milbank Quarterly 68:4 (1990); 497-526.

2. S. E. Antonarkakis, "Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders at the DNA Level," New England Journal of Medicine 320 (1989): 153-161.

3. J. D. Hammond and A. F. Shapiro, "AIDS and the Limits of Insurability," Milbank Quarterly 64:1 (1986): 143-167.

4. K. A. Clifford and R. P. Iuculano, "AIDS and Insurance: The Rationale for AIDS-related testing, " Harvard Law Review 100 (1987): 1807-1809. Emphasis added.

5. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974).

6. David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1986)

7. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).

8. John Rawls, "Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory," Journal of Philosophy 77:9 (1980): 515-572. Also relevant is John Rawls, "Justice as Fairness: A Briefer Description" (unpubl. ms., 1989). break

9. H. Tristam Engelhardt, Jr., The Foundations of Bioethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).

10. Norman Daniels, Just Health Care (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1985).

11. John Rawls, "Social Unity and Primary Goods," In A. Sen and B. Williams, eds., Utilitarianism and Beyond (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 159-186. See also Daniels, "Just Health Care," 23-25.

12. Rawls, "Social Unity." See also Ronald Dworkin, "What is Equality? Part I: Equality of Welfare," Philosophy and Public Affairs 10:3 (1982): 185-246.

13. G. A. Cohen, "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice," Ethics 99 (1989): 906-944. See also R. J. Arneson, "Equality and Equal Opportunity for Welfare," Philosophical Studies 54 (1988): 79-95.

14. Norman Daniels, "Equality of What: Welfare, Resources, or Capabilities?" Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50 (1990, supp.): 273-296.

15. Christopher Boorse, "Health as a Theoretical Concept," Philosophy of Science 44 (1977): 542-573. See also Christopher Boorse, "On the Distinction Between Disease and Illness," Philosophy and Public Affairs 5:1 (1975): 49-68

16. D. B. Allen and N. C. Fost, "Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature: Panacea or Pandora's Box?" Journal of Pediatrics 117:1 (1990): 16-21.

17. Rawls, A Theory of Justice .

18. A. Sen, "Justice: Means Versus Freedoms," Philosophy and Public Affairs 19 (1990): 111-121.

19. Daniels, Just Health Care , chap. 8.

20. Richard Lewontin, "The Dream of the Human Genome," The New York Review of Books , 28 May 1992, pp. 31-40. break