1. See Romas Sarmaitis, Kai kurie XIX a. antrosios puses lietuviu nacionalinio issivadavimo judejimo istorijos klausimai (Vilnius, 1953); Truska's comment in Komjaunimo tiesa, May 31, 1988.

2. Ignas Muldaris, "Istorijos pamokos," Tiesa, October 2, 1988.

3. Sajudzio zinios, no. 28, August 23, 1988.

4. See ibid., which was distributed at the meeting. On the history of the National Hymn, also known by its first line Lietuva tevyne musu, see Gimtasis krastas, September 22, 1988, and Gediminas Rudis's article in Komjaunimo tiesa, June 25, 1988. Balys Dvarionas, who wrote the Soviet state hymn was also a member of the commission that drew up the official arrangement of the National Hymn in 1938.

3. Sajudzio zinios, no. 28, August 23, 1988.

4. See ibid., which was distributed at the meeting. On the history of the National Hymn, also known by its first line Lietuva tevyne musu, see Gimtasis krastas, September 22, 1988, and Gediminas Rudis's article in Komjaunimo tiesa, June 25, 1988. Balys Dvarionas, who wrote the Soviet state hymn was also a member of the commission that drew up the official arrangement of the National Hymn in 1938.

5. Lithuania: An Encyclopedic Survey (Vilnius, 1986), p. 45.

6. For a Lithuanian American's account of having visited Ignalina, see Zenonas Rekasius, "Ignalinos Atomineje Jegaineje," Akiraciai 10 (1987): 6-7.

7. See Ceslovas Laurinavicius, "Del valstybingumo Lietuvoje 1918-1919," Literatura ir menas, October 29, 1988.

8. February 16 became an official holiday in Lithuania in 1920. On February 6, 1920, the government in Kaunas decided to celebrate the upcoming anniversary, and on the

tenth it issued a decree to that effect. On February 16, 1920, therefore, the date became the official anniversary date of Lithuanian statehood. On the events of 1917-1918 see Petras Klimas, Der Werdegang des litauischen Staates (Berlin, 1919).

9. See Bronius Vaitkevicius, Pirmoji darbininku ir valstieciu ciu valdzia Lietuvoje (Vilnius, 1988); Povilas Vitkauskas, Lietuvos Tarybu Respublikos sukurimas 1918-1919 metais (Vilnius, 1988).

10. Cf. the repeated emphasis in ELTA Information Bulletin (hereinafter referred to as EIB ), Washington, D.C., especially nos. 1-3 (1987).

11. On emigre debates concerning contacts with Soviet Lithuania, see Liutas Mockunas, "The Dynamics of Lithuanian Emigre-Homeland Relations," Baltic Forum 2, 1: 50-69. On the "sister-cities" controversy, see Alfred Erich Senn, "Apie Vilniaus-Madisono susigiminiavima," Akiraciai 7 (1987): 2-3.

12. "Gorbachev-supported," in Eastern European Newsletter, July 13, 1988; "officially tolerated," in Lithuanian Information Center, Brooklyn (hereinafter referred to as LIC), news release of August 19, 1988; fear of cooptation reported in The Christian Science Monitor, October 7, 1988.