1. Jonathan D. Auerbach, "'Nuclear Freeze' at a Crossroads," Boston Globe, June 22, 1986, p. A19; Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee, quoted in Council for a Livable World literature, November 1987.

2. Bernard Brodie, ed., The Absolute Weapon (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1946).

3. Harold Freeman, This Is the Way the World Will End, This Is the Way You Will End, Unless (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982), pp. 12-13, 2-4, 7-8.

4. Ibid., pp. 19-20; Barbara G. Levi, Frank N. von Hippel, and William H. Daugherty, "Civilian Casualties from 'Limited' Nuclear Attacks on the USSR," International Security 12, no. 3 (Winter 1987-1988), p. 189 (emphasis added).

3. Harold Freeman, This Is the Way the World Will End, This Is the Way You Will End, Unless (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982), pp. 12-13, 2-4, 7-8.

4. Ibid., pp. 19-20; Barbara G. Levi, Frank N. von Hippel, and William H. Daugherty, "Civilian Casualties from 'Limited' Nuclear Attacks on the USSR," International Security 12, no. 3 (Winter 1987-1988), p. 189 (emphasis added).

5. Albert Einstein, quoted in Ralph E. Lapp, "The Einstein Letter That Started It All," New York Times Magazine, August 2, 1964.

6. New York Trust Co. v. Eisner, 256 U.S. 345, 349 (1921).

7. George Santayana, The Life of Reason, vol. 1, Reason in Common Sense (New York: Dover, 1980).

8. Freeman, This Is the Way the World Will End, p. 33.

9. Noam Chomsky provides the clearest and most extensively documented accounts of the Cold War and the U.S. role in the Third World. His many books on these topics include The Political Economy of Human Rights, with Edward Herman, 2 vols. (Boston: South End Press, 1979); Towards a New Cold War (New York: Pantheon, 1982); Turning the Tide (Boston: South End Press, 1985); and On Power and Ideology (Boston: South End Press, 1987).

in International Security 2, no. 4 [Spring 1978]; Quarles, quoted in Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982), p. 156.

11. Paul Bracken, The Command and Control of Nuclear Forces (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983), p. 1.

12. Albert Carnesale et al., Living with Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 67.

13. "Three Harvard Professors Argue for New Way to Reduce Nuclear War Risk," Boston Globe, May 31, 1985, p. 16; Graham T. Allison, Albert Carnesale, and Joseph S. Nye, Jr., eds., Hawks, Doves, and Owls: An Agenda for Avoiding Nuclear War (New York: Norton, 1985), pp. 223-246.

14. See Robert Jervis, The Illogic of American Nuclear Strategy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984).

15. George Rathjens, "First Thoughts About Problems Facing EXPRO" (Boston, 1985, photocopied). A revised version of this paper was published as EXPRO Paper No. 5 (Chestnut Hill, Mass.: Exploratory Project on the Conditions of Peace, 1986), available from EXPRO, Department of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167.

16. Michael Howard, "Is Arms Control Really Necessary?" (lecture delivered to the Council for Arms Control, London), excerpted in Harper's 272, no. 1632 (May 1986): 13-14. Matthew Melko of Wright State University also argues that the arms race may be nearly irrelevant to war and peace in our time, though his reasoning differs from ours; see his "What If the Arms Race Did Not Matter?" (paper presented at the North Central Sociological Association meeting, Cincinnati, April 1-14, 1987), as well as his forthcoming book.

17. Joseph Gerson, ed., The Deadly Connection: Nuclear War and U.S. Intervention (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1986).