2 The Sylvan Citizen
1. Petrarch, Collatio laureationis, ed. Godi, 25.
2. J. K. Newman, The Concept of Vates in Augustan Poetry (Brussels: Latomus, 1967), pp. 7-42. Petrarch, Collatio laureationis, ed. Godi, 13, citing Vergil, Georgics 3.291-92. Also, Georgics 2.475-77; trans. H. Rushton Fairclough in Virgil, rev. ed. (2 vols.; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974), 1: 149.
3. Cyril Bailey, Religion in Virgil (Oxford: Clarendon, 1935), pp. 163-72.
4. Newman, The Concept of Vates in Augustan Poetry, pp. 43-126.
5. Bailey, Religion in Virgil, pp. 5-28.
6. Domenico Comparetti, Vergil in the Middle Ages, 2d ed., trans. E. F. M. Benecke, (1908; rpt., London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966), pp. 50-238.
7. John W. Spargo, Virgil the Necromancer: Studies in Virgilian Legends (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934); Comparetti, Vergil in the Middle Ages, pp. 239-376.
8. Petrarch, Ep. fam. 9.5.15-16, ed. Rossi, 2: 226; trans. Aldo S. Bernardo, Rerum familiarum libri I-VIII (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975), and Letters on Familiar Matters: Rerum familiarum libri IX-XVI (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), 2: 16. See also Carlo Segrè, "Chi accuso il Petrarca di magia," in his Studi petrarcheschi (Florence: Le Monnier, 1903), pp. 199-224. Pierre de Nolhac, Pétrarque et l'humanisme, 2d ed. (2 vols.; Paris: Honoré Champion, 1907), 1: 127.
9. Petrarch, Ep. fam. 13.6.29, ed. Rossi, 3: 77; trans. Bernardo, 2: 197.
10. For the legends see Cecco d'Ascoli, Alcabizzo, before 1327; Cronica di Partenope, shortly after 1326; and Cino da Pistoia, Rime, 1330. Spargo, Virgil the Necromancer, pp. 63-64.
11. Petrarch, Itinerarium Syriacum, in "L'itinerarium del Petrarca," ed. Giacomo Lumbroso, Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, 4th ser., Rendiconti, 4 (1888), 398. De Nolhac, Pétrarque et l'humanisme, 1: 127. For this legend see Spargo, Virgil the Necromancer, pp. 292-95.
12. Petrarch, Itinerarium Syriacum, ed. Lumbroso, p. 399. For this legend see Spargo, Virgil the Necromancer, pp. 87-99. Concerning whether Petrarch
also knew of the talismanic fly see Duane R. Stuart, "The Sources and the Extent of Petrarch's Knowledge of the Life of Vergil," Classical Philology, 12 (1917), 403-4.
13. Giovanni Boccaccio, Genealogiae deorum gentilium 14.22.
14. Petrarch's note as cited by Achille Ratti, "Ancora del celebre cod. ms. delle opere di Virgilio già di F. Petrarca ed ora della Biblioteca Ambrosiana," in F. Petrarca e la Lombardia, ed. Società storica lombarda (Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, 1904), p. 224; my translation. See also Ep. fam. 21.10.13, ed. Rossi, 4:64. For this legend see Comparetti, Vergil in the Middle Ages, pp. 98, 312; and for the legend of St. Paul's visit to Vergil's burial vault to obtain his books, pp. 312-13, and Spargo, Virgil the Necromancer, pp. 20-21 and in general, see J. B. Trapp, "The Grave of Vergil," Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 47 (1984), 1-31.
15. Vergil, Eclogues 4.6-101; trans. Fairclough 1: 29.
16. Pierre Courcelle, "Les Exégèses chrétiennes de la quatrième églogue," Revue des études anciennes, 59 (1957), 294-319.
17. Petrarch, Rerum memorandarum liber 4.30, ed. Billanovich, pp. 210-14, esp. p. 213. For the manuscript see de Nolhac, Pétrarque et l'humanisme, 1: 205. Petrarch cites from it in De otio religioso 1, ed. Rotondi, p. 27.
18. Ep. fam. 21.1.7, ed. Rossi, 4: 63; trans. Bernardo, 3: 176.
19. Petrarch, De otio religioso 1, ed. Rotondi, p. 29. Cf. Liber sine nomine 4, ed. Piur, pp. 178-79.
20. Comparetti, Virgil in the Middle Ages, pp. 309-12.
21. For the typology see Arthur Watson, The Early Iconography of the Tree of Jesse (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934), pp. 1-8.
22. Petrarch, Ep. fam. 7.2.3-11, 15; ed. Rossi, 2: 98-100.
23. Watson, The Early Iconography of the Tree of Jesse, pp. 21-22. Vergil's association with the Virgin may also have been prompted by his epithet "Parthenias." Servius, In Vergilii Aeneidos commentarius, praef. 9; Petrarch, Ep. fam. 10.4.24, ed. Rossi, 2: 307.
24. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana Ms. S.P. 10, 27; rpt. in facsimile as Francisci Petrarcae Vergilianus Codex, ed. Giovanni Galbiati (Milan: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1930). For its description see Ratti, "Ancora del celebre cod. ms. delle opere di Virgilio già di F. Petrarca ed ora della Biblioteca Ambrosiana," pp. 217-42; Fredrik Wulff, "L'Ancien Feuillet de garde du Virgile de l'Ambrosienne," in his Deux discours sur Pétrarque en résumé (Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell, 1902), pp. 1-16; de Nolhac, Pétrarque et l'humanisme, 1: 140-61; and also Giuseppe Billanovich, "Il Virgilio del giovane Petrarca," in Lectures médiévales de Virgile, Actes du Colloque organisé par l'Ecole française de Rome, Rome, 15-28 Octobre 1982 (Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 1985), pp. 49-64.
25. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Ms. S.P. 10, 27, fol. i v. Simone Martini: The Complete Works, pl. XV, pls. 113, 114. For this interpretation of it according to the medieval scheme of Vergil's "wheel" see Joel Brink, "Simone Martini, Francesco Petrarca and the Humanistic Program of the Virgil Frontispiece," Mediaevalia 3 (1977), 83-117; and Bernhard Degenhart, "Das Marienwunder von Avignon: Simone Martinis Miniaturen für Kardinal Ste-
faneschi und Petrarca,'' Pantheon 33 (1975), 191-2003; John Rowlands, ''Simone Martini and Petrarch: A Virgilian Episode," Apollo, 81 (1965), 264-69.
26. Petrarch, Epistola posteritati, in Prose, ed. Martellotti, p. 12.
27. Petrarch, Rerum memorandarum liber 2.16, ed. Billanovich, pp. 51-52.
28. Brink, "Simone Martini, Francesco Petrarca and the Humanistic Program of the Virgil Frontispiece," 85; Rowlands, "Simone Martini and Petrarch," 266.
29. The proportional theory of root-two construction and a figure illustrating its application to this painting are provided by Brink, "Simone Martini, Francesco Petrarca and the Humanistic Program of the Virgil Frontispiece," 106-9. The interpretation of it, however, is mine. Although Brink acknowledges that the laurel falls on the central axis of the painting and is its central image (97, 98), he does not integrate this observation with his analysis. Again, Vergil's eyes, through which Brink States that the arc passes (107), he interprets as focused on sublime matters (96) rather than on the tree which that arc intersects.
30. Suetonius, "Vita Vergilii" 3, De viris illustribus .
31. Watson, The Early Iconography of the Tree of Jesse, pp. 83-141, e.g., pl. III.
32. See n. 13.
33. See Jonathan Foster, "Petrarch's Africa: Ennian and Vergilian Influences," Papers of the Liverpool Latin Seminar: Second Volume, 1979, ed. Francis Cairns (Liverpool: Francis Cairns, 1979), pp. 277-98.
34. The consensus of modern scholars considers Laura to have been an actual woman beloved by Petrarch. Laura de Noves is the favorite candidate. For a survey of the evidence see Emmanuel Davis, "Les Différentes Laure de Pétrarque," Bulletin de l'association Guillaume Budé, 15 (1956), 83-104; and further, E. J. Jones, "Further Evidence on the Identity of Petrarch's Laura," Italian Studies, 39 (1984), 27-46. For a review of the textual evidence for Laura's existence see Aldo S. Bernardo, Petrarch, Laura, and the "Triumphs" (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1974), pp. 64-87, and for modern interpretations of her poetic significance, pp. 1-25.
35. Ernest H. Wilkins, Life of Petrarch (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), p. 77, with my changes to Wilkins's translation as the text reads "laurel," not "Laura," and simply "that light," not "the light of her life." There is no explicit personal reference.
36. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 211.13, pp. 364-65, 336.13, pp. 532-33; Triunfo mortis 1.133, in Francesco Petrarca: Rime, Trionfi e poesie latine, ed. F. Neri et al., vol. 6 of La letteratura italiana, storia e testi (Milan: F. Ricciardi, 1951), p. 521.
37. Petrarch, Ep. posteritati, in Prose, ed. Martelloti, p. 12.
38. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 3, pp. 38-39.
39. For an example of this pathetic fallacy in medieval verse see Peter Abelard, Hymn 48, "Ad Sextam."
40. Bortolo Martinelli, "'Feria sexta Aprilis': La data sacra nel Canzoniere del Petrarca," in his Petrarca e il Ventoso (Rome: Minerva Italica, 1977), pp.
103-48; Carlo Calcaterra, "Feria sexta aprilis," in his Nella selva del Petrarca (Bologna: Licino Cappelli, 1942), pp. 209-45.
41. Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12.8-15.
42. Hugo Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mystery, trans. Brian Battershaw (London: Burns & Oates, 1963), p. 104.
43. The eclipse was astronomically described by Theodore R. von Oppolzer, "Note über eine von Archilochos erwähnte Sonnenfinsterniss," Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, 86 (1882), 790-93; and it appears also so dated by the Julian calendar in his Canon of Eclipses, trans. Owen Gingerich (New York: Dover, 1962), No. 1328. The astronomical data were confirmed by J. K. Fotheringham, "A Solution of Ancient Eclipses of the Sun," Royal Astronomical Society of London, Monthly Notices, 81 (1920), 107-8. See also Plutarch, De facie quae in orbe lunae apparet 19; F. K. Ginzel, Spezieller Kanon der Sonnen- und Mondfinsternisse für das Landergebiet der klassichen Altertumswissenschaften und den Zeitraum von 900 vor Chr. bis 600 nach Chr. (Berlin, 1899), p. 169n.
44. Archilochus, fr. 82 (74 Diehl), trans. Richard Lattimore, Greek Lyrics, 2d ed., rev. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), p. 3.
45. Aristotle, Rhetorica 3.16 (1418b28); trans. John H. Freese, The "Art" of Rhetoric (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1926), p. 461.
46. Stobaeus, Florilegium 4.46.10 (C.CX).
47. Petrarch, Bucolicum carmen 10.125-26, ed. Martellotti, p. 23, and see also his note, p. 55; trans. Thomas G. Bergin, Petrarch's Bucolicum Carmen (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974), p. 153.
48. Ernest Dutoit, Le Thème de l'adynaton dans la poésie antique (Paris: Belles lettres, 1936).
49. Oskar Schultz-Gora, "Das Adynaton in der altfranzösischen und provenzalischen Dichtung nebst Dazugehörigem," Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen, 161 (1932), 196-209, 199.
50. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 22.37-39, pp. 58-59. For a study of this poem see Marianne Shapiro, "The Petrarchan Selva Revisited: Sestina XXII, " Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 77 (1976), 144-60.
51. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 30.7-10, pp. 86-87.
52. Ibid. 57. 5-11, pp. 134-35.
53. Ibid. 237.13-18, pp. 396-97.
54. Ibid. 195.5-14, pp. 340-41. Although these examples are all cited from the Rime sparse, consider also that the eleventh eclogue is constructed on the classical adynaton of the cessation of Niobe's tears:
And, Galatea, your name will live in my heart till the planets
Fall from the skies, until bees abandon their honey and faithful
Doves flee their nests and the turtle no longer cleaves to his partner,
Aye, until wolves leave their prey, he-goats no longer crop frondage,
Guarded young wives play no tricks and servants cease to be liars.
Petrarch, Bucolicum carmen 11.98-102, ed. Avena, p. 159; trans. Bergin, p. 195.
51. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 30.7-10, pp. 86-87.
52. Ibid. 57. 5-11, pp. 134-35.
53. Ibid. 237.13-18, pp. 396-97.
54. Ibid. 195.5-14, pp. 340-41. Although these examples are all cited from the Rime sparse, consider also that the eleventh eclogue is constructed on the classical adynaton of the cessation of Niobe's tears:
And, Galatea, your name will live in my heart till the planets
Fall from the skies, until bees abandon their honey and faithful
Doves flee their nests and the turtle no longer cleaves to his partner,
Aye, until wolves leave their prey, he-goats no longer crop frondage,
Guarded young wives play no tricks and servants cease to be liars.
Petrarch, Bucolicum carmen 11.98-102, ed. Avena, p. 159; trans. Bergin, p. 195.
51. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 30.7-10, pp. 86-87.
52. Ibid. 57. 5-11, pp. 134-35.
53. Ibid. 237.13-18, pp. 396-97.
54. Ibid. 195.5-14, pp. 340-41. Although these examples are all cited from the Rime sparse, consider also that the eleventh eclogue is constructed on the classical adynaton of the cessation of Niobe's tears:
And, Galatea, your name will live in my heart till the planets
Fall from the skies, until bees abandon their honey and faithful
Doves flee their nests and the turtle no longer cleaves to his partner,
Aye, until wolves leave their prey, he-goats no longer crop frondage,
Guarded young wives play no tricks and servants cease to be liars.
Petrarch, Bucolicum carmen 11.98-102, ed. Avena, p. 159; trans. Bergin, p. 195.
51. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 30.7-10, pp. 86-87.
52. Ibid. 57. 5-11, pp. 134-35.
53. Ibid. 237.13-18, pp. 396-97.
54. Ibid. 195.5-14, pp. 340-41. Although these examples are all cited from the Rime sparse, consider also that the eleventh eclogue is constructed on the classical adynaton of the cessation of Niobe's tears:
And, Galatea, your name will live in my heart till the planets
Fall from the skies, until bees abandon their honey and faithful
Doves flee their nests and the turtle no longer cleaves to his partner,
Aye, until wolves leave their prey, he-goats no longer crop frondage,
Guarded young wives play no tricks and servants cease to be liars.
Petrarch, Bucolicum carmen 11.98-102, ed. Avena, p. 159; trans. Bergin, p. 195.
55. See n. 33.
56. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 34, pp. 92-93; see also 188, p. 335, and Africa 5.478-87, ed. Festa, p. 120.
57. Yves F.-A. Giraud, La Fable de Daphné: Essai sur un type de métamorphose végétale dans la littérature et dans les arts jusqu'à la fin du XVII e siècle (Geneva: Droz, 1968), pp. 32-34, 40-59, 89-91. For general studies of this myth in Petrarch's poetry see ibid., pp. 141-49; Sara Sturm-Maddox, Petrarch's Metamorphoses: Text and Subtext in the Rime Sparse (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985), pp. 9-38; P. R. J. Hainsworth, "The Myth of Daphne in the Rerum vulgarium fragmenta, " Italian Studies, 34 (1979), 28-44; Marga Cottino-Jones, "The Myth of Apollo and Daphne in Petrarch's Canzoniere: The Dynamics and Literary Function of Transformation," in Francis Petrarch, Six Centuries Later: A Symposium, ed. Aldo Scaglione (Chapel Hill: Department of Romance Languages, University of North Carolina; Chicago: Newberry Library, 1975), pp. 152-76; Ugo Dotti, "Petrarca: Il mito dafneo," Convivium, 37 (1969), 9-23; Calcaterra, ''Giovene donna sotto un verde lauro,'' in his Nella selva del Petrarca, pp. 35-87. For studies of the myth in particular poems see Michele Feo "Per l'esegesi della III egloga del Petrarca," Italia medioevale e umanistica, 10 (1967), 385-401; Durling, "Petrarch's Giovene donna sotto un verde lauro, " Modern Language Notes, 86 (1971), 1-20; and works cited in nn. 50 and 122.
56. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 34, pp. 92-93; see also 188, p. 335, and Africa 5.478-87, ed. Festa, p. 120.
57. Yves F.-A. Giraud, La Fable de Daphné: Essai sur un type de métamorphose végétale dans la littérature et dans les arts jusqu'à la fin du XVII e siècle (Geneva: Droz, 1968), pp. 32-34, 40-59, 89-91. For general studies of this myth in Petrarch's poetry see ibid., pp. 141-49; Sara Sturm-Maddox, Petrarch's Metamorphoses: Text and Subtext in the Rime Sparse (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985), pp. 9-38; P. R. J. Hainsworth, "The Myth of Daphne in the Rerum vulgarium fragmenta, " Italian Studies, 34 (1979), 28-44; Marga Cottino-Jones, "The Myth of Apollo and Daphne in Petrarch's Canzoniere: The Dynamics and Literary Function of Transformation," in Francis Petrarch, Six Centuries Later: A Symposium, ed. Aldo Scaglione (Chapel Hill: Department of Romance Languages, University of North Carolina; Chicago: Newberry Library, 1975), pp. 152-76; Ugo Dotti, "Petrarca: Il mito dafneo," Convivium, 37 (1969), 9-23; Calcaterra, ''Giovene donna sotto un verde lauro,'' in his Nella selva del Petrarca, pp. 35-87. For studies of the myth in particular poems see Michele Feo "Per l'esegesi della III egloga del Petrarca," Italia medioevale e umanistica, 10 (1967), 385-401; Durling, "Petrarch's Giovene donna sotto un verde lauro, " Modern Language Notes, 86 (1971), 1-20; and works cited in nn. 50 and 122.
58. See chapter 4, nn. 15-20.
59. Boccaccio, "De vita et moribus domini Francisci Petracchi de Florentia," in Opere latine minore, ed. Aldo F. Massera, p. 243.
60. See Ernst R. Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, trans. Willard R. Trask (New York: Pantheon, 1953), pp. 195-200. See also Kenneth E. Cool, "The Petrarchan Landscape as Palimpsest," Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 11 (1981), 83-100; Bernhard König, "Petrarcas Landschaften: Philologische Bemerkungen zu einer neuen Deutung," Romanische Forschungen, 92 (1980), 251-82; Karlheinz Siterle, Petrarcas Landschaften: Zur Geschichte ästhetischer Landschaftserfahrung (Krefeld: Scherpe, 1978); Terry Comito, The Idea of the Garden in the Renaissance (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1978), pp. 57-64; H. M. Richmond, Renaissance Landscapes: English Lyrics in a European Tradition (The Hague: Mouton, 1973), pp. 38-55.
61. Petrarch, De vita solitaria 1.7, ed. Martellotti, in Prose, pp. 366-70.
62. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 60.1, p. 139, 64.9, p. 143, 67.3, p. 147, 5.5, p. 41. 129.70, p. 267, 327.1, p. 515, 337.1-5, p. 535, 228.7, p. 385. 5.13, p. 41, 29.46-47, p. 85, 30.1, p. 87, 107.12, p. 215, 142.8, p. 287, 181.3, p. 327, 195.4, p. 341, 196.1, p. 343, 197.1, p. 343, 228.3-4, p. 385, 246.1, p. 409, 255.10, p. 417, 266.12, p. 435, 269.1, p. 443, 270.65-66, p. 447, 325.32, p. 502, 327.2, p. 555. 23.168-69, p. 69, 34.13-14, p. 93. 337.7-8, p. 535, cf. 30.1, p. 87. 190, p. 337, and for its interpretation see Stefano Carrai "Il sonetto 'Una candida cerva' del Petrarca: Problemi d'interpretazione e di fonti," Rivista di letteratura italiana, 3 (1985), 233-51; B. T. Sozzi, "Per il sonetto: Una candida cerva," Studi Petrarcheschi, 8 (1976), 213-17. Rime sparse
148.12-14, p. 295. 269.2, p. 443, 327.1-3, p. 515; 60.3-4, p. 139. 142.1-13, p. 287. 24.1-2, p. 71, 29.48-49, p. 85, cf. 113.6, p. 225, 147. 7-11, p. 293. 161.4-6, p. 307, 263.1-2, p. 425, 325.32, p. 509; 28.80-81, p. 79; 24.1-4, p. 71, 119.103-5, p. 233, 363.4, p. 573, 322.9-10, p. 501. See also Africa 9.108-23, ed. Festa, pp. 264-65.
63. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 34.7-8, p. 93. See n. 33.
64. Petrarch, Collatio laureationis, ed. Godi, 24-25; trans. Wilkins, "Petrarch's Coronation Oration," in his Studies in the Life and Works of Petrarch (Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1955), p. 310.
65. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 5.9-10, pp. 40-41. Isidore of Seville derived laurus from lauda, as the tree crowned the heads of the victorious. Etymologiae 17.7.2.
66. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 228, pp. 384-85. See also 64.6-7, p. 143, 255.9-10, p. 417, 318.7-8, p. 497.
67. E. O. James, The Tree of Life: An Archaeological Study (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1966), pp. 3-4.
68. Gerhart B. Ladner, "Vegetation Symbolism and the Concept of the Renaissance," in De artibus opuscula XL: Essays in Honor of Erwin Panofsky, ed. Millard Meiss (2 vols.; New York: New York University Press, 1961), 1:308.
69. See James, The Tree of Life, p. 186; Maarten J. Vermaseren, Cybele and Attis (London: Thames & Hudson, 1977).
70. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 30.1, p. 87, 337.7-8, p. 535.
71. Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, p. 201.
72. See n. 25.
73. Petrarch, Africa, 3.232-41, ed. Festa, p. 61; trans. Thomas G. Bergin and Alice S. Wilson, Petrarch's Africa (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), pp. 49-50.
74. See Henri Graillot, Le Culte du Cybèle, mère des dieux, à Rome et dans l'Empire romain (Paris: Fontemoing, 1952).
75. Petrarch, Secretum 3, ed. Martellotti, p. 138.
76. Petrarch, Ep. fam. 6.2.5, ed. Rossi, 2: 56.
77. Petrarch, Africa 8.866-70, ed. Festa, p. 251; trans. Bergin and Wilson, p. 214. See also Vergil, Aeneid 8.333-41.
78. Petrarch, De otio religioso 2, ed. Rotondi, p. 105; Epistolae variae 22, in Lettere di Francesco Petrarca, ed. Giuseppe Fracassetti (5 vols.; Florence, 1863-67), 5: 283. Ep. fam. 21.8.5, ed. Rossi, 4: 63.
79. For the metaphor see Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, pp. 132-33.
80. Plato, Symposium 208e-209a; trans. Benjamin Jowett in The Dialogues of Plato (2 vols.; New York: Random House, 1937), 1:333.
81. See n. 56.
82. Petrarch, De vita solitaria 1.8, ed. Martellotti, in Prose, p. 368; trans. Jacob Zeitlin, The Life of Solitude (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1924), p. 158.
83. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 193.7, pp. 338-39. The importance of the ecstatic theme in Petrarch's poetry, although interpreted censo-
riously as only illusory contemplation, has also been noted by Kenelm Foster, "Beatrice or Medusa," in Italian Studies Presented to E. R. Vincent, ed. C. P. Brand et al. (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962), pp. 42-43, 52.
84. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 169.5-6, pp. 314-15.
85. Ibid. 167, pp. 312-13.
86. Ibid. 6.1-11, pp. 40-41. See also 29.4-14, pp. 82-83. For the image of the bridled soul see Sturm-Maddox, Petrarch's Metamorphoses, pp. 80, 82-83; Vincent Moleta, "Guido delle Colonne's 'Amor, che lungiamente m'hai menato': A Source for the Opening Metaphor," Italica, 54 (1977), 468-84. A related metaphor of the soul as a charioteer of tame and wild horses in Plato, Phaedrus 230b, was preserved in Ambrose, De virginitate 15. See Pierre Courcelle, Recherches sur les Confessions de saint Augustin, rev. ed. (Paris: E. de Boccard, 1968), pp. 312-19.
84. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 169.5-6, pp. 314-15.
85. Ibid. 167, pp. 312-13.
86. Ibid. 6.1-11, pp. 40-41. See also 29.4-14, pp. 82-83. For the image of the bridled soul see Sturm-Maddox, Petrarch's Metamorphoses, pp. 80, 82-83; Vincent Moleta, "Guido delle Colonne's 'Amor, che lungiamente m'hai menato': A Source for the Opening Metaphor," Italica, 54 (1977), 468-84. A related metaphor of the soul as a charioteer of tame and wild horses in Plato, Phaedrus 230b, was preserved in Ambrose, De virginitate 15. See Pierre Courcelle, Recherches sur les Confessions de saint Augustin, rev. ed. (Paris: E. de Boccard, 1968), pp. 312-19.
84. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 169.5-6, pp. 314-15.
85. Ibid. 167, pp. 312-13.
86. Ibid. 6.1-11, pp. 40-41. See also 29.4-14, pp. 82-83. For the image of the bridled soul see Sturm-Maddox, Petrarch's Metamorphoses, pp. 80, 82-83; Vincent Moleta, "Guido delle Colonne's 'Amor, che lungiamente m'hai menato': A Source for the Opening Metaphor," Italica, 54 (1977), 468-84. A related metaphor of the soul as a charioteer of tame and wild horses in Plato, Phaedrus 230b, was preserved in Ambrose, De virginitate 15. See Pierre Courcelle, Recherches sur les Confessions de saint Augustin, rev. ed. (Paris: E. de Boccard, 1968), pp. 312-19.
87. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 152.1-11, pp. 298-99. For the convention of the alterations of love see John C. Nelson, Renaissance Theory of Love: The Context of Giordano Bruno's Eroici furori (New York: Columbia University Press, 1958), pp. 37, 212.
88. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 29.7, p. 83, 50.61, p. 121, 51.12, p. 123, 62.10, p. 141, 79.6, p. 179, 89.10, p. 193, 129.54, p. 267, 197.3, p. 343, 209.7, p. 363, 270.1, p. 443, 355.12, p. 553, 360.38, p. 563. 8.14, p. 43, 76.10, p. 177, 89.10, p. 193, 105.55, p. 211, 266.50, p. 435. 55.15, p. 133, 59.4, p. 137, 69.3, p. 149, 106.5, p. 215, 200.5, p. 347, 214.10, p. 369. 181.1, 12, p. 327, 62.7, p. 141, 263.7, p. 425.
89. Ted-Larry Pebworth, "The Net for the Soul: A Renaissance Conceit and the Song of Songs," Romance Notes, 13 (1971), 159-64.
90. Edgar de Bruyne, Etudes d'esthétique médiévale (3 vols.; Bruges: De Tempel, 1946), 3:15.
91. See E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951), p. 273, citing Euripides, Iphigenia Aulidensis 758. Knots were also believed in Italian religion to impede the working of sacred influences, and thus the hair of women was loosened at funerals. Vergil, Aeneid 3.65. Bailey, Religion in Virgil, pp. 290-91.
92. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 90, pp. 192-93.
93. Ibid. 197.7-11, pp. 342-43. For "knots" see also 25.4, p. 71, 196.12, p. 343, 198.10, p. 345, 227.4, p. 383, 264.83, p. 431, 59.17, p. 137, 71.51, p. 157, 73.79, p. 173, 119.76, p. 233, 175.2, 14, p. 321, 214.20, p. 369, 256.10, p. 419, 268.65, p. 441, 270.70, 93, pp. 447, 449, 271.1, 13, p. 451, 283.4, p. 463, 296.14, p. 475, 305.1, p. 485, 307.3, p. 487, 330.13, p. 519, 359.56, p. 559.
94. Ibid. 270.59-62, pp. 446-47.
92. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 90, pp. 192-93.
93. Ibid. 197.7-11, pp. 342-43. For "knots" see also 25.4, p. 71, 196.12, p. 343, 198.10, p. 345, 227.4, p. 383, 264.83, p. 431, 59.17, p. 137, 71.51, p. 157, 73.79, p. 173, 119.76, p. 233, 175.2, 14, p. 321, 214.20, p. 369, 256.10, p. 419, 268.65, p. 441, 270.70, 93, pp. 447, 449, 271.1, 13, p. 451, 283.4, p. 463, 296.14, p. 475, 305.1, p. 485, 307.3, p. 487, 330.13, p. 519, 359.56, p. 559.
94. Ibid. 270.59-62, pp. 446-47.
92. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 90, pp. 192-93.
93. Ibid. 197.7-11, pp. 342-43. For "knots" see also 25.4, p. 71, 196.12, p. 343, 198.10, p. 345, 227.4, p. 383, 264.83, p. 431, 59.17, p. 137, 71.51, p. 157, 73.79, p. 173, 119.76, p. 233, 175.2, 14, p. 321, 214.20, p. 369, 256.10, p. 419, 268.65, p. 441, 270.70, 93, pp. 447, 449, 271.1, 13, p. 451, 283.4, p. 463, 296.14, p. 475, 305.1, p. 485, 307.3, p. 487, 330.13, p. 519, 359.56, p. 559.
94. Ibid. 270.59-62, pp. 446-47.
95. Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2d ed., s.v. "Gorgo."
96. See Jane Chance Nitzsche, The Genius Figure in Antiquity and the Middle Ages (New York: Columbia University Press, 1975), pp. 8-9.
97. Petrarch, Africa 4.100-10, ed. Festa, p. 89; trans. Bergin and Wilson, p. 72. See also 7.199-200, ed. Festa, p. 179. Aulis Gellius, Noctes Atticae 6.1.3.
98. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 197.5-7, pp. 342-43; cf. 51.13-14,
p. 123. For a survey of this image of petrifaction see Paolo Possiedi, "Petrarca petroso," Forum italicum, 8 (1974), 523-45; also Domenico de Robertis, "Petrarca petroso," Revue des études italiennes, 29 (1983), 53-37.
99. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 197.12-14, pp. 342-43. 23.80-83, pp. 62-65; cf. 213.9, p. 367. 5.12-14, p. 41.
100. Vergil, Eclogues 8.77-78. See also the description in Aeneid 1.319.
101. Plato, Symposium 196e-197a, 202e; trans. Jowett, 1: 328.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
102. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 7.101.5-11, pp. 204-5. 264.91-92, pp. 430-31. 270.79, pp. 448-49. 247.12-14, pp. 408-9. See also 73.1-6, 24, p. 169. 235.1-2, pp. 392-93.
103. Ibid. 134, pp. 272-73.
104. Ibid. 129.1-13, pp. 264-65.
105. Ibid. 142.1-3, 10-12, pp. 286-87.
106. Ibid. v. 13.
107. Ibid. 323.25-30, pp. 502-3.
108. Ibid. 177.3-4, pp. 322-23. 287.9-11, p. 467.
109. Ibid. 193.5-11, pp. 338-39.
110. Ibid. 302, pp. 480-81.
111. Ibid. 295.12-14, pp. 474-75.
112. Ibid. 270.25, pp. 444-45. 32.10, p. 91, 270.25, p. 445, 62.2, p. 141.
113. Ibid. 34.12-14, pp. 92-93.
114. Ibid. 160.1-2, 9-10, pp. 306-7. 309. 1-2, pp. 488-89. 94.5, pp. 196-97; 295.9, pp. 474-75.
115. Ibid. 309, pp. 488-89.
116. Ibid. 13.5-8, pp. 48-49.
117. Ibid. 61, pp. 138-39.
118. Ibid. 284.12-14, pp. 462-63; cf. also lines 5-6.
119. Ibid. 188.1-8, pp. 334-35.
120. Ibid. 22.34-36, pp. 58-59.
121. Ibid. 325.31-38, pp. 508-9.
122. Ibid. 23.38-40, pp. 60-61. For studies of this poem of the poet's metamorphosis into the laurel see Thomas M. Greene, The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 127-35; Mario Santagata, "La canzone XXIII," in Lectura Petrarce 1981 (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1982), pp. 49-78; Marguerite Waller, Petrarch's Poetics and Literary History (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980), pp. 84-90; Dennis Dutschke, Francesco Petrarca Canzone XXIII from First to Final Version (Ravenna: Longo, n.d.); Alberto J. Rivero, "Petrarch's 'Nel Dolce Tempo de la Prima Etade,'" Modern Language Notes, 94 (1979), 92-112; Martinelli, "La canzone delle metamorfosi e la formazione del Canzoniere," in Petrarca e il Ventoso, pp. 19-102; John Brenkman, "Writing, Desire, Dialectic in Petrarch's ' Rime 23,'" Pacific Coast Philology, 9 (1974), 12-19.
123. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 237.15, pp. 396-97; cf. 22.17-18, p. 57.
124. Georges Roux, Delphes: Son oracle et ses dieux (Paris: Belles lettres,
1976), pp. 123-29; Pierre Amandry, La Mantique apollinienne à Delphes: Essai sur le fonctionnement de l'oracle (Paris: Boccard, 1950), pp. 126-34; Joseph Fontenrose, The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations with a Catalogue of Responses (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 224-25; H. W. Parke, A History of the Delphic Oracle, vol. 1, and D. E. W. Wormell, The Delphic Oracle (2 vols.; Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1939-56), pp. 25-26.
125. Ibid.
124. Georges Roux, Delphes: Son oracle et ses dieux (Paris: Belles lettres,
1976), pp. 123-29; Pierre Amandry, La Mantique apollinienne à Delphes: Essai sur le fonctionnement de l'oracle (Paris: Boccard, 1950), pp. 126-34; Joseph Fontenrose, The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations with a Catalogue of Responses (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 224-25; H. W. Parke, A History of the Delphic Oracle, vol. 1, and D. E. W. Wormell, The Delphic Oracle (2 vols.; Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1939-56), pp. 25-26.
125. Ibid.
126. Juvenal, Saturae 7.19.
127. See the copious examples of this as indexed in Concordanze del Canzoniere di Francesco Petrarca (2 vols.; Florence, 1971), 1: 159-60. For the philological tradition in Provençal poetry see Contini, "Préhistoire de l'aura de Pétrarque," in his Varianti e altra linguistica: Una raccolta di saggi (1938-1968) (Turin: Einaudi, 1970), pp. 193-99; and for an analysis of Petrarch's usage see Francis Rigolot, "Nature and Function of Paranomasia in the Canzoniere, " Italian Quarterly, 18 (1974), 29-36.
128. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 196.1-5, pp. 342-43. 197.1, pp. 342-43, cf. 286.1-3, p. 465; 109.9-12, pp. 216-17; 356.1, pp. 552-53. 129.65-70, pp. 216-17. 246.1-4, pp. 408-9.
129. Petrarch, Africa 9.216-19, 240-45, 252-53, ed. Festa, pp. 269, 270, 271; trans. Bergin and Wilson, p. 231.
130. Ambrose, Hymni 7.23-24.
131. For a survey of this topic see W. Meyer, "Die Geschichte des Kreuzholzes vor Christus," Abhandlungen der philosophisch-philologischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 16/2 (1882), 103-66.
132. Petrarch, Ep. fam. 22.2.23, ed. Rossi, 4: 108; trans. Bernardo, 3: 214.
133. Petrarch, Ep. var. 61, ed. Fracassetti, 5: 472-75.
134. Marjorie Reeves, "The Arbores of Joachim of Fiore," in Studies in Italian Medieval History: Presented to Miss E. M. Jamison, ed. Philip Crierson and John W. Perkins, Papers of the British School at Rome, 24 (1956), 124-36.
135. Ibid., p. 128.
134. Marjorie Reeves, "The Arbores of Joachim of Fiore," in Studies in Italian Medieval History: Presented to Miss E. M. Jamison, ed. Philip Crierson and John W. Perkins, Papers of the British School at Rome, 24 (1956), 124-36.
135. Ibid., p. 128.
136. Reeves and Beatrice Hirsch-Reich, "The Seven Seals in the Writings of Joachim of Fiore," Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale, 21 (1954), esp. pp. 218-19, 224-25.
137. Reeves, The Figurae of Joachim of Fiore (Oxford: Clarendon, 1972), p. 190.
138. Petrarch, Rime sparse, ed. Durling, 105.42-45, pp. 210-11.