1. Aaron HJ and Schwartz WB. The painful prescription: rationing hospital acre. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1984.

2. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, cited in Statistical abstract of the United States, 1995: Table 1369.

3. Maynard A, Bloor K. Introducing a market to the United Kingdom's National Health Service. New England Journal of Medicine 1996:334(9): 604-7; Light D, May A. Britain's health system: from welfare state to managed markets . New York: Faulkner & Gray, 1993.

4. Aaron HJ, Schwartz WB. The painful prescription: rationing hospital acre. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1984, 102.

5. Aaron HJ, Schwartz WB. The painful prescription: rationing hospital care. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1984, 102.

6. Dean M. British health rationing becomes explicit. Lancet 1995;346: 1415.

7. All quotations in this discussion taken from Rising costs threaten generous benefits in Europe. New York Times ó August 1996: A 1, A4.

8. Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, Lewontin JP. Administrative costs in U.S. hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine 1993;329(6): 400-403.

9. Danzon PM. Hidden overhead costs: is Canada's system really less expensive? Health Affairs 1992; 11 (1):21-43.

10. McKendry RJR, Wells GA, Dale P, et al. Factors influencing the emigration of physicians from Canada to the United States. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1996; 154(2): 171-81.