S

1. Sagitta:

   1. as indicator species, 863

   2. reproduction, 322

   3. systematic position, 308

2. Salinity, 50

   1. as an ecological factor, 770, 839–843

   2. averape surface values, 123, 124

   3. determination, 50–54

   4. origin, 219

   5. periodic variations at surface, 126

   6. range in oceans, 55

   7. units for expressing, 51, 54

3. Salmon:

   1. migration, 811

   2. transplantations, 850

4. Salpa, systematic position of, 312

5. Sardine:

   1. feeding mechanism, 890

   2. quantity fished, 896

6. Sargassum, 293, 883

   1. reproduction, 293

7. Saturation coefficients for dissolved gases, 190, 191

8. Scalar fields, 154–156

9. Sea cucumbers:

   1. consumption of detritus by, 894

   2. reproduction, 325, 326

   3. synopsis, 311

10. Sea ice:

    1. influence of freezing on composition of sea water, 216–219

    2. in the Antarctic, 623, 624

    3. in the Arctic, 666, 667

       1. amount influenced by currents, 662

    4. physical properties, 72–74

    5. salinity, 71, 12

    6. transporting sedimentary debris, 954, 1043

11. Sea level:

    1. ideal, 9

    2. mean, 10, 561

       1. slope:

          1. along North American east coast, 677

          2. in Caribbean Sea, 641, 678

          3. near the equator, Atlantic, 634

          4. near the equator, Pacific, 709

       2. variations, 458–460

12. Seals, synopsis of, 313

13. Sea water:

    1. artificial, 185, 186

    2. relation to body fluid, 269

14. Sedimentation, 946

    1. rate of, 1036–1041

       1. estimated by stratigraphic method, 1038–1040

       2. estimated by supply method, 1040–1041

15. Seechi disk, 82

16. Seiches, 538–542

    1. importance to transportation of sediments, 965

    2. on open coasts, 542

17. Settling velocity of sedimentary debris, 956–959

    1. importance to transportation along bottom, 962–966

    ---

    ― 1074 ―

    2. size-grade distribution derived from, 970

18. Sharks (see Elasmobranchs)

19. Shorelines, 42–44

    1. classification, 43

20. Silicate:

    1. as a limiting factor, 769

    2. distribution in oceans, 244–245

       1. related to deep-water circulation, 754

    3. factors influencing distribution, 246

    4. seasonal variation, 261, 262

    5. utilization by plants, 769

21. Siliceous material in sediments (see Diatom ooze and Radiolarian ooze):

    1. organisms contributing to, 950

22. Siliceous oozes (see also Pelagic sediments), 973

    1. areas covered by, 977, 978

23. Siliceous sediments:

    1. diatoms in, 296

    2. radiolaria in, 305

24. Silicoflagellates, 302

25. Silicon, 180

    1. cycle in the sea, 262, 263

26. Sill depth, 25, 147

    1. importance to character of basin water, 150

       1. Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, 640

       2. East Indian Archipelago, 736–738

    2. of basins in adjacent seas, 37, 38, 738

27. Size-grade distribution in sediments, 970, 971

    1. represented by cumulative curves, 970, 981

    2. represented by histograms, 970, 980

    3. statistical terms, 970, 971

28. Skeletal structures of marine organisms:

    1. as constituents of sediments, 949

    2. composition, 231

29. Sliming of the sea, 290, 291

30. Snakes, synopsis of, 313

31. Sodium, 175

32. Solar constant, 102

33. Solubility:

    1. calcium carbonate, 205–208

    2. gases, 190, 191

    3. salts, 210–211

34. Solubility product, 205

35. Sonic soundings:

    1. equipment, 342, 343

    2. importance to knowledge of bottom topography, 16

36. Sound energy, absorption of, 78

37. Soundings:

    1. available for charts of bottom topography, 14–16

    2. methods, 342–344

38. Sounding velocity, 79

39. Sound waves:

    1. velocity in sea water, 76, 77, 79

    2. wave length, 77, 78

40. South Atlantic Ocean:

    1. currents, 627–630

    2. oxygen distribution, 630, 631

    3. water masses, 625–627

41. South Equatorial Current:

    1. Atlantic, 628, 633

    2. Indian Ocean, 696

    3. Pacific, 708, 709

42. South Pacific Ocean:

    1. currents, 701–706

    2. oxygen distribution, 728–730

    3. water masses, 698–701

43. Specific heat, 61, 62

44. Specific humidity, 116

45. Specific volume, 57

    1. anomaly, 57, 58

       1. computation, 58

46. Sphere depth, mean, 19, 20

47. Sponges:

    1. reproduction, 319

    2. synopsis, 306

48. Stability, 416–418

    1. influence on turbulence, 91, 92, 476

49. Stagnant water:

    1. destruction of organic matter in, 1012

    2. development, 1026

50. Standard depths of observation, 357

51. Starfish:

    1. bathymetric distribution, 807

    2. synopsis, 311

52. Stationary distribution, 157

53. Stationary velocity field, 423

54. Sterile distribution, 315, 847

55. Strait of Bab el Mandeb, currents of, 688–690

56. Strait of Gibraltar, currents of, 646–648

57. Stratosphere, oceanic, 141

58. Stream lines, 426

59. Strontium, 179

60. Strontium carbonate in radiolarians, 991

61. Submarine canyons (see Canyons)

62. Submarine geology, topics of, 22

63. Submarine topography (see Bottom topography)

64. Subtropical Convergence, 140

    1. in Southern Oceans, 606

    2. sinking of water in region of:

       1. Indian Ocean, 691

       2. North Atlantic, 670

       3. North Pacific, 714

       4. South Atlantic, 626

    ---

    ― 1075 ―

    3. South Pacific, 700, 701

65. Sues Canal, flow through, 688, 689

66. Sulphur, 178

    1. cycle of, 917

67. Surface tension, 70

68. Suspended particles, 958

    1. importance to extinction of radiation, 88

69. Suspension of sedimentary debris near bottom, 962–965

70. Symbiosis, 881–882