Notes
All quotations from Philip Guston, unless otherwise noted, are from conversations with and letters to the author; they have been checked by Philip Guston and are printed here with his permission.
Introduction
1. Philip Guston, lecture at the Cooper Union, New York, March 1974.
2. Philip Guston, ''On Bradley Walker Tomlin," in catalogue issued by the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1957.
3. Guston, lecture at Cooper Union, op. cit.
4. Philip Guston, quoted in "Painter and His Identity," by Walter Barker, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 13, 1966.
5. Philip Guston, quoted by Morton Feldman, The New York Times, February 2, 1964.
6. Philip Guston, quoted in "Dialogue with Philip Guston," by William Berkson, Art & Literature (Winter 1965), pp. 56-59.
7. Philip Guston, quoted in "The Philadelphia Panel," It Is (Spring 1960).
8. Philip Guston, quoted in interview with Karl Fortess, 1966, taped for Archives of American Art, Washington, D. C.
9. Wolfgang Kayser, The Grotesque in Art and Literature (Bloomington:
10. "Poetry and Abstract Thought," The Collected Works of Paul Valéry, vol. VII (New York: Pantheon, 1958).
I— Conspirators
1. Nathanael West, The Day of the Locust (New York: New Directions, 1950).
2. Jiddu Krishnamurti, Life in Freedom (New York: Liveright, 1938).
3. George Grosz, A Little Yes and a Big No (New York: Dial Press, 1946).
4. Jay Martin, Nathanael West: The Art of His Life (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970).
5. Fletcher Martin, letter to the author, October 21, 1974.
6. Jay Martin, op. cit.
7. Wallace Stevens, quoted in "Cubism and the Arensbergs," by Fiske Kimball, Art News Annual, 1955.
II— Bombardment
1. Fletcher Martin, op. cit.
2. "Art War Breaks Out," Los Angeles Times, May 26, 1933.
3. George Biddle, letter of May 9, 1933, quoted in Federal Relief Administration and the Arts, by William F. McDonald (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1969).
4. James Brooks, interview with the author, August 1973.
5. For a full account, see Jane de Hart Mathews, The Federal Theatre, 1935 - 1939 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967).
III— Martial Memory
1. Anton Refregier, quoted in Francis V. O'Connor, Art for the Millions (Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society, 1971).
2. Ruth Green Harris, "Public Taste in Murals," The New York Times, 1939.
3. Quoted in "The New Deal Art Projects" by Olive Ryford Gavert, in O'Connor, op. cit.
IV— Sanctuary
1. Stephen Greene, letter to the author, January 29, 1973.
2. JoEllen Rapee, interview with the author, May 1, 1973.
3. Erwin Panofsky, Albrecht Dürer, vol. I (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943).
4. Gustave Janouch, Conversations with Kafka (New York: New Directions, 1971).
5. Max Brod, Kafka: A Biography (New York: Schocken, 1960).
6. Gustave Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, August 8, 1846, in The Selected Letters of Gustave Flaubert, Francis Steegmuller, ed. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953).
7. Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, August 9, 1846, op. cit.
8. Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, January 16, 1852, op. cit.
9. Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, August 8, 1846, op. cit.
10. Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, August 26, 1853, op. cit.
11. Flaubert, letter to Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, July 3, 1860, op. cit.
V— If This Be Not I
1. Charles Baudelaire, "Les Phares," Flowers of Evil and Other Works (New York: Bantam, 1964). Translation by Wallace Fowlie.
2. For an interesting discussion, see Eileen Souffrin-Le Breton's "Banville et la poétique du décor," in French 19th-Century Painting and Literature, Ulrich Finke, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).
VI— Tormentors
1. Guston, quoted in "Guston: Meaning out of Monumentality," by Rosamond Frost, Art News (February 1945).
2. Walter Read Hovey, "Repose and Dignity Mark Top Painting of Carnegie Exhibit," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 12, 1945.
3. Greene, op. cit.
4. In the same issue, Life ran a picture story, "The Ku Klux Klan Tries a Comeback," showing graphic characterizations of hooded figures with bulky white cotton work gloves going through clownish gestures before an electric light cross. There is also a hangman's noose in the background.
5. Mary Holmes, "Metamorphosis and Myth in Modern Art," Perspective (Winter 1948).
6. Robert Phelps, interview with the author, May 1973.
7. Flaubert, letter to Louise Colet, January 16, 1852, op. cit.
VII— Drawing
1. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, quoted in Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus (New York: Knopf, 1955).
2. Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus (New York: Knopf, 1955).
3. Brod, op. cit.
4. Boris Pasternak, Safe Conduct (New York: New Directions, 1958).
5. Henry Cowell, "Current Chronicle," The Musical Quarterly (January 1952), pp. 123-36.
6. James Lawler, "Paul Valéry and the Visual Arts," Critiques III (New York: Cooper Union, Fall 1974).
7. V. I. Pudovkin, Film Technique and Film Acting (New York: Grove, 1970).
8. Federico Fellini, quoted in interview with Gideon Bachmann, 1959, in Interviews with Film Directors, by Andrew Sarris (New York: BobbsMerrill, 1967).
VIII— Attar
1. Paul Valéry, Degas, Manet, Morisot (New York: Pantheon, 1960), p. 147.
2. Paul Brach, "Affirmation," Art Digest (January 15, 1953).
3. Fairfield Porter, Art News (February 1953).
4. Lawrence Alloway, "Notes on Guston," Art Journal (Fall 1962).
5. William Seitz, "Philip Guston," introduction to exhibition catalogue at the Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, February 27-March 27,1966.
6. Time, January 7, 1952.
7. Morton Feldman, "After Modernism," Art in America (November-December 1971).
8. Ibid.
9. Philip Guston, statement, It Is (Spring 1958).
IX— Alchemist
1. Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man (New York: Harper and Row, 1961).
2. Philip Guston, "Piero della Francesca: The Impossibility of Painting," Art News (May 1965).
3. Morton Feldman, "The Anxiety of Art," Art in America (September-October 1973).
4. Robert Creeley, "Philip Guston: A Note," Black Mountain Review (Spring 1956).
5. Stanley Kunitz, "After the Last Dynasty," Poetry (October-November 1962).
6. Stanley Kunitz, "Open the Gates," Selected Poems, 1928 - 58 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1958).
7. Kafka, quoted in William Berkson, "Dialogues with Philip Guston," op. cit.
8. Philip Guston, "Faith, Hope, and Impossibility," Art News Annual XXXI (October 1966).
9. Susanne K. Langer, Philosophical Sketches (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1962).
10. Hilton Kramer, "Abstractions of Guston Still Further Refined," The New York Times, January 1, 1965.
11. Guston, in interview with Karl Fortess, op. cit.
12. David Sylvester, "Philip Guston," The New Statesman, February 15, 1963.
13. John Russell, "Beyond Nature," The Sunday Times (London), January 20, 1963.
X— Inside Out
1. Kayser, op. cit.
2. Charles Baudelaire, "On the Essence of Laughter," in The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, by Jonathan Mayne (London: Phaidon, 1964).
3. Nathanael West, quoted in Jay Martin, op. cit.
4. Nathanael West, Miss Lonelyhearts (New York: New Directions, 1946).
5. West, The Day of the Locust, op. cit.
6. Vladimir Nabokov, Nikolai Gogol (New York: New Directions, 1944).
7. Konstantin Paustovsky, "Reminiscences of Babel," Partisan Review, vol. 28, nos. 3-4, (1960).
8. Isaac Babel, "Guy de Maupassant," Collected Stories (New York: Meridian, 1960).
9. Isaac Babel, "Kolyvushka," Lyubka the Cossack and Other Stories (New York: New American Library, 1964).
10. Guston, "Piero della Francesca," op. cit.
11. Guston, "Faith, Hope, and Impossibility," op. cit.
XI— The Studio
1. James Thrall Soby, The Early Chirico (New York: Dodd Mead, 1941).
2. Philip Roth, interview with the author, May 1973.
3. Philip Roth, "Reading Myself," in Reading Myself and Others (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975).
4. Ibid.
5. Clark Coolidge, interview with the author, May 1975.
6. Clark Coolidge, Space (New York: Harper and Row, 1970).
7. Fellini, op. cit.
8. Pierre Schneider, The World of Watteau (New York: Time-Life Books, 1967).
9. Octavio Paz, "The New Analogy," Critiques (New York: Cooper Union, 1972).
XII— The Desert
1. Paustovsky, op. cit.
2. Soren Kierkegaard, Either/Or (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1959). Translation by W. Lowrie.
3. Ibid.
4. Joseph Brodsky, "Beyond Consolation," The New York Review of Books, February 7, 1974, quoted by Guston in letter to the author.
5. Philip Guston, conference at Boston University, Fall 1973.
XIII— Survivor of the Combat
1. Norbert Lynton, "An Obverse Decorum," in catalogue for "Philip Guston, Paintings 1969-80," exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, October-December, 1982.
2. Joanne Dickson, "Transcript of a Conversation with Philip Guston, May 14, 1980," National Arts Guide (November-December 1980).
3. Peter de Francia, "Effigies and Images," New Statesman and Society, June 9, 1989.